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No full textNot AvailableLumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important poxviral disease endemic to Asia, Europe, and Africa. Recently, LSD has spread to naïve countries, including India, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand. Here, we describe the complete genomic characterization of LSDV from India, LSDV-WB/IND/19 isolated from an LSD affected calf in 2019 determined by Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS). The LSDV-WB/IND/19 has a genome size of 150,969 bp encoding 156 putative ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequence suggested that LSDV-WB/IND/19 is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains with 10-12 variants with non-synonymous changes confined to LSD_019, LSD_049, LSD_089, LSD_094, LSD_096, LSD_140, and LSD_144 genes. In contrast to complete kelch-like proteins in Kenyan LSDV strains, LSDV-WB/IND/19 LSD_019 and LSD_144 genes were found to encode truncated versions (019a, 019b, and 144a, 144b). LSD_019a and LSD_019b proteins of LSDV-WB/IND/19 resemble that of wild-type LSDV strains based on SNPs and the C-terminal part of LSD_019b except for deletion at K229, whereas the LSD_144a and LSD_144b proteins resemble that of Kenyan LSDV strains based on SNPs, however, C-terminal part of LSD_144a resembles that of vaccine-associated LSDV strains due to premature truncation. The NGS findings were confirmed by Sanger sequencing of these genes in Vero cell isolate as well as in the original skin scab along with similar findings in another Indian LSDV from scab specimen. LSD_019 and LSD_144 genes are thought to modulate virulence and host range in capripoxviruses. This study demonstrates the circulation of unique LSDV strains in India and highlights the importance of constant monitoring of the molecular evolution of LSDV and associated factors in the region in light of the emergence of recombinant LSDV strains.Not Availabl
Monitoring Paddy Residue Burning in North India using Satellite Remote Sensing during 2022
No full textNot AvailableThis bulletin provides information on real-time monitoring of rice crop residue burning events in the three states of Punjab, Haryana, UP, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan using satellite remote sensing on 08 April, 2023. This also includes the comparison of burning events of 2023 with that in 2022.Bulletin also includes date-wise and cumulative burning events till date for different districts in the six states. The maps of residue burning to show precise location of each residue burning event detected are also uploaded on ICAR KRISHI Geoportal website (http://geoportal.icar.gov.in:8080/geoexplorer/composer/, a part of KRISHI Portal: https://krishi.icar.gov.in initiative)Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableAbiotic stresses are detrimental to plant growth and development and have a major negative impact on crop yields. A growing body of evidence indicates that a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key to many abiotic stress responses. Thus, identifying abiotic stress-responsive lncRNAs is essential in crop breeding programs in order to develop crop cultivars resistant to abiotic stresses. In this study, we have developed the first machine learning-based computational model for predicting abiotic stress-responsive lncRNAs. The lncRNA sequences which were responsive and non-responsive to abiotic stresses served as the two classes of the dataset for binary classification using the machine learning algorithms. The training dataset was created using 263 stress-responsive and 263 non-stress-responsive sequences, whereas the independent test set consists of 101 sequences from both classes. As the machine learning model can adopt only the numeric data, the Kmer features ranging from sizes 1 to 6 were utilized to represent lncRNAs in numeric form. To select important features, four different feature selection strategies were utilized. Among the seven learning algorithms, the support vector machine (SVM) achieved the highest cross-validation accuracy with the selected feature sets. The observed 5-fold cross-validation accuracy, AU-ROC, and AU-PRC were found to be 68.84, 72.78, and 75.86%, respectively. Furthermore, the robustness of the developed model (SVM with the selected feature) was evaluated using an independent test dataset, where the overall accuracy, AU-ROC, and AU-PRC were found to be 76.23, 87.71, and 88.49%, respectively. The developed computational approach was also implemented in an online prediction tool ASLncR accessible at https://iasri-sg.icar.gov.in/aslncr/ . The proposed computational model and the developed prediction tool are believed to supplement the existing effort for the identification of abiotic stress-responsive lncRNAs in plants.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of early-life bovine lactoferrin and host specific probiotic interventions on growth performance, mortality, and concentrations of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G and transforming growth factor beta 1 (a marker of intestinal integrity) in serum of neonatal piglets. A total of eight piglet litters from parity matched sows were randomly divided into four groups and assigned to one of the four interventions: control (sterile normal saline), bovine lactoferrin (100 mg bovine lactoferrin), probiotic (1 × 109 colony forming unit (cfu) of swine origin Pediococcus acidilactici FT28 probiotic), and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic (100 mg bovine lactoferrin and 1 × 109 CFU of P. acidilactici FT28 probiotic). All the interventions were given once daily through oral route for first 7 days of life. The average daily gain (p = 0.0004) and weaning weight (p < 0.0001) were significantly improved in the probiotic group. The piglet survivability was significantly higher in bovine lactoferrin and probiotic groups than control group in Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A on day 21 in bovine lactoferrin, probiotic, and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic groups increased significantly (p < 0.05). Immunoglobulin G concentrations on day 7 and 15 in bovine lactoferrin and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic groups and on day 15 in probiotic group were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated, whereas, the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 was significantly (p < 0.05) increased from day 7 to 21 in all the supplemented groups. In conclusion, the early-life bovine lactoferrin and P. acidilactici FT28 probiotic interventions reduced the mortality in the suckling piglets by promoting the systemic immunity and enhancing the intestinal integrity.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe oral lesions associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) negatively affect animal behavior, which can adversely impact animal production and welfare. Physical form of a therapeutic diet (TD) can improve the feed intake and wellbeing during the acute phase of FMD. Accordingly, we tested the effect of two physical forms of a previously developed TD on the behavior of calves experimentally infected with FMD virus (FMDV). Crossbred Holstein Friesian male calves of 10-12 months (n = 12) were experimentally infected with a virulent strain of FMDV and were offered a TD enriched with 19% CP and 2.9 Mcal ME/kg for 11 days post-FMDV infection. One group received the TD in mash form (TDM) while the other (n = 6/group) received it in cooked form (TDC). A group of four calves served as uninfected control and were fed TDM. The time spent by the calves on certain behaviours was recorded in a pre-set form from 06:00-18:00 h for 10 days from day 2-11 post-FMDV infection. The data was divided into two sessions. Session 1 (06:00-13:00 h) represented after the offering of TD, while session 2 (13:01-18:00 h) represented the data after offering green fodder. Based on exploratory data analysis, data recorded from day 2-7 post-FMDV infection was included in the final analysis. Linear mixed model was used by fitting treatment, day and their interaction as fixed effects while calf as random effect. Orthogonal contrast was applied by comparing the infected TDM with other two groups. The results revealed that the cooked form of TD improved the ingestion time, resting time, sleeping time and licking time from day 2-7 post-FMDV infection as compared with the infected TDM group. Ingestive behaviour was better in the infected TDC than that of TDM group (p < 0.01). The sleeping time was significantly high in the infected groups as compared to the uninfected TDM group (p < 0.01) till day 6 post-FMDV infection. Daily activities such as licking, standing and resting differed significantly between the infected TDM and TDC groups in session 1, but not in session 2. Urination and defecation did not differ significantly between the infected TDM and TDC groups. It was concluded that cooked form of TD remediated the effects of infection with FMDV as evidenced by improvement in the behavior of the calves.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableEffect of seasons and additives in Arunachali Yak bull semen at different stages of processing and freezing along with fresh semen characteristicsNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableSequential ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) technique was performed to investigate the effect of solvent
type (n-hexane, methanol and petroleum ether), size [cut flower (1.75 ± 0.26 cm) and whole flower (Tepal dimensions: length:
5.73 ± 0.27 and breadth: 4.17 ± 0.23 cm)], and soaking durations (0, 30, and 60 min) on the extraction yield of concrete
from tuberose flowers. The optimized conditions were n-hexane, cut samples, and 30-min soaking duration, with an extraction
yield of 95.04%. The tuberose concrete extracted by all three extraction methods with n-hexane as a solvent contained
aroma compounds such as 1,8-cineole, methyl benzoate, indole, α-terpineol, trans-methyl isoeugenol, trans-farnesol, and
benzyl benzoate. The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of concretes
extracted by different extraction methods with n-hexane solvent were notably similar in terms of apparent composition.
Principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) could differentiate
and separate the volatile organic compounds for the classification; however, sPLS-DA performed better than PCA.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe present experiment was conducted to study the influence of bio-stimulants on flowering,
yield and disease incidence in chrysanthemum cv. Local yellow. Different bio-stimulant formulations such
as Trichoderma viride (9, 18 and 36 g per plant), Pseudomonas fluorescens (9, 18 and 36 g per plant) and
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (9, 18 and 36 g per plant) were applied to soil. Significant variations in
flowering and wilt disease incidence were noticed with application of bio-stimulants. The plants treated
with T. viride (18 g per plant) recorded earlier days to flower bud formation (62.66 days) and flowering
(82.20 days), maximum duration of flowering (54.55 days), highest catalase activity (0.85 units/mg
protein/min), peroxidase activity (0.99 units/mg protein/min) and lowest disease incidence (18.00 %) and
percent disease index (16.66 %). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (18 g per plant) recorded maximum shelf
life (5.10 days), capitulum diameter (6.21 cm), flower yield per plot (14.14 kg) and number of pickings
(10.12). Bio-stimulants in horticulture has been the focus of scientific interest for quite some time now. As the need for sustainable, eco-friendly and innovative horticulture solutions grows, more and more studies are being
done on the efficacy of bio-stimulants.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableTwo different non-specific proteolytic enzymes (papain and pepsin) and two carbohydrase enzymes (α-amylase and β-amylase) were used for the depolymerization of chitosan to produce chitooligosaccharides (COS). The COS produced using papain, pepsin, α-amylase, and β-amylase were characterized for physicochemical, structural, thermal properties and antioxidant activities. COS produced using pepsin enzyme had higher solubility compared to other three COS. Structural variation of chitosan and their oligosaccharides were studied by FTIR analysis, and it revealed the existence of various structural differences. The thermal behavior of chitosan and oligosaccharides is examined using DSC analysis, and it exhibited differences in the glass transition temperature among the four oligosaccharides and native chitosan. Antioxidant analysis such as DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power revealed the antioxidant ability of COS. Pepsin-COS had the highest DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power activity among the four COS. According to the patterns of molecular weight reduction, antioxidant activities, thermal behavior properties, four enzymes α-amylase, β-amylase, pepsin, and papain were found suitable for hydrolyzing chitosan into COS. As it is superior to chitosan, COS can be utilized in the food industry as bio-preservatives to enhance the products quality, safety, and shelf life.Not Availabl