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No full textNot AvailableThe work was aimed at developing an energy-efficient solar hybrid dryer with a biomass-based gasifier heat backup suitable for drying shrimps even during off-sunshine hours. In this dryer, water was utilized as a sensible heat storage (SHS) material as well as heat transfer fluid and biomass gasifier as an indirect backup heat source. The performance of the solar-gasifier hybrid dryer was assessed by drying shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) samples and compared it with solar, and gasifier modes. Shrimp obtained the desired moisture content of 15.09 %, 13.46%, and 14.77% (w.b.) in 9 h, 6 h, and 6 h of drying in solar mode, gasifier mode, and solar-gasifier hybrid drying mode, respectively. The average drying rate of the solar, gasifier and hybrid modes of drying were 0.33 g/g dm.h, 0.46 g/g dm.h, and 0.47 g/g dm.h, respectively. Results revealed that the evacuated tube solar water collector harnessed 193104 kJ and 160185 kJ of heat energy during sunshine hours under the solar and hybrid mode of operation. The maximum drying efficiency of 34.97%, 35.62%, and 41.66% was obtained for gasifier mode, solar mode, and hybrid mode of shrimp drying. The economic evaluation revealed that the hybrid mode of operation is highly economical with the annual savings of $10983.06 and the lowest payback period of 0.62 years.Not Availabl
Better crop establishment, residue recycling and diversification for sustaining non-basmati rice (Oryza sativa) in western IGP
No full textThe conventional non-basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) is neither economical nor sustainable in IGP. Therefore, an on-farm study was carried out at the farmer’s field in Karnal district of Haryana to find out alternative by diversified crops having legume (summer mungbean) with the best tillage and residue management Practices. The intensification through conservation agriculture (CA)-based crop management within the RW system (CTR–ZTWMb and DSR– ZTWMb) and beyond with diversification by maize (ZTMWMb and ZTMMuMb) gave statistically on par yield to conventional non-basmati rice (CTRW). Compared to CTRW, total water use was reduced by 0.8 and 14.8% in CTR– ZTWMb and DSR–ZTWMb, respectively. The total water use was significantly reduced by 53.9 to 60.8% with maize and soybean (ZTMWMb, ZTMMuMb, and ZTSWMb) over DSR–ZTWMb and CTRW. The net returns increased by 3.7–6.5 × 103/ha in CTR–ZTWMb and DSR–ZTWMb over the CTRW. In diversified systems, net returns increased by `10–16.5 × 103/ha with maize systems compared to three rice production scenarios. Similarly, in soybean, net returns enhanced by `4.6 × 103/ha over the CTRW systems. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in global warming potential (GWP) by 53.4–69.1, 53.3–69.0 and 46.9–64.8% was observed under ZTMWMb, ZTMMuMb and ZTSWMb, respectively over the three RW system treatments. These results demonstrate that crop diversification with the inclusion of maize and soybean with CA may be opted to improve crop and water productivity and farmer's
income replacing traditional rainy (kharif) season non-basmati rice in Western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP)
Effect of Conservation Agriculture Practices on Carbon Pools in a Sandy Loam Soil of Indo-Gangetic Plains
No full textConservation agriculture practices have been globally recognized for improving soil quality by enhancing soil organic carbon, mitigating climate change, and boosting resilience, thereby supporting food security. However, declining soil organic carbon (SOC) is reported as a significant issue in Indian soil, particularly in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). In this investigation, the experiment was conducted to assess the impacts of crop residue retention under conservation agriculture practices with green seeker (GS)-based nitrogen (N) application. The finding of this study revealed that passive carbon pools were 25% and 22% higher in Zero Tillage with Residue Retention (ZTWR) than in Zero Tillage without Residue Retention (ZTWoR) during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Active carbon pools were found to increase, 5.47 g kg−1 in ZTWR plots and 4.34 g kg−1 in ZTWoR plots, while passive carbon pools were recorded at 7.46 g kg−1 in ZTWoR plots and 9.23 g kg−1 in ZTWR plots. The passive carbon pool was recorded as highest in ZTWR 50% N+GS treatment (8.61 g kg−1) and lowest in ZTWoR 70%N+GS treatment (8.15 g kg−1). 50%N+GS subplot treatment performed well in precision nitrogen management treatment under conservation agriculture, and it also improved various carbon pools; Overall, ZTWR performed better than ZTWoR plots, and 50%N+GS improved SOC pools in the subplot, it is followed by RDN, 33%N+GS and RDN subplot treatment. The soil organic pools are positively correlated with crop yields. Hence, the present study recommends that residue retention in conservation agriculture and optimized precision nitrogen management improve the soil organic carbon
pools, ultimately improving soil fertility and sustainability.Indian Agricultural Research Institute [11027] and University Grants Commission [190510529933] in the form of student Senior Research FellowshipIndian Council of Agricultural Research - National Agricultural Science Fund [7022
भारत में मक्का उत्पादन : वर्तमान परिदृश्य और आत्मनिर्भरता
No full text2030 मक्का उत्पादन के 43 मिलियन टन लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने और उत्पादकता बढ़ाने के लिए, खरीफ मक्का उत्पादकता (2.9 टन/हेक्टेयर) को बढ़ाने पर तत्काल जोर देने की आवश्यकता है, जो देश में लगभग 80 प्रतिशत रकबे का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। रबी मक्का (5.0 टन/हे.) की तुलना में खरीफ मक्का की उत्पादकता बहुत कम है। पुरानी किस्मों को लगातार नई उच्च उपज देने वाली किस्मों के साथ बदलने से मक्का उत्पादन में उच्च वृद्धि संभव हो सकती है। देश में मक्का उत्पादन और उत्पादकता बढ़ाने के लिए निम्नलिखित शोध योग्य मुद्दों / कदमों को संबोधित करने / उठाए जाने की आवश्यकता है। 1. बारानी पारिस्थितिकी के लिए जलवायु अनुकूल संकरों का विकास
2. एकल क्रॉस संकर प्रौद्योगिकी को अपनाने के लिए बीज उत्पादन और आपूर्ति श्रृंखला को मजबूत करन
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No full textNot AvailableThe Nitrate Transporter 2 (NRT2), together with accessory protein (NAR), form high-affinity nitrate transport systems (HATS) responsible for nitrate uptake and translocation under its limited availability in plants. In the present study, we aimed to identify members of these two families’ genes in the bread wheat genome on a genome-wide scale, the evolutionary relationship of these families to major cereals, and their expression dynamics. A total of 46 and 8 NRT2 and NAR2 family genes, respectively, have been identified, which showed tissue and growth-stage specific nitrate limiting responses in all major tissues with a tendency of homeolog expression bias in two wheat genotypes. The high-affinity transport capacity of four wheat genotypes using 15N influx at three major physiological stages also showed significant roles of HATS at tissue and growth stage levels. The complementation of atnrt2.1 mutant with one of the high-affinity nitrate transporter genes, i.e., TaNRT2.1-B6, caused recovery of about 1.5 times 15N influx in N + and N- conditions in Arabidopsis mutant than wild type. The present study contributes to the genomic and functional understanding of NRT2 and NAR2 genes of bread wheat, providing a platform for further learning the underlying mechanism of nitrate uptake in bread wheat.Not Availabl
