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No full textNot AvailableDickeya dadantii is the causal agent of bacterial stalk rot and one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of the sorghum in the world. Here, we explored microbe-based approaches for managing this destructive pathogen, intending to provide alternatives for integrated disease management. The objective of the research was to decipher the effect of antagonistic microbes on systemic defense enzymes, histochemical changes, plant growth attributes, reduction in disease severity, and interaction of these antagonistic microbes with host. Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus isolates were collected from rhizospheric soil and characterized using morphological and molecular tools. ITS and 16S rRNA sequences were analyzed to determine the molecular characterization of all antagonist microbes, and they were identified as T. asperellum, T. viride, T. harzianum, B. subtilis, and P. flourescens. These isolates were evaluated for antibacterial properties against D. dadantii under in vitro conditions and showed the higher inhibition in a dual culture method. Further, the effects of seed bio-priming and soil application of these isolates were tested under glasshouse and field conditions. T. viride outperformed the other isolates, significantly enhancing the plant growth parameters and induced resistance to Dickeya dadantii (BSR). T. viride showed a significantly higher accumulation of defensive enzymes, viz. PAL (1.02), PO (1.70), PPO (1.25), CAT (1.11), and TPC (0.91) at 48 h after pathogen challenge, as compared to the control. Histochemical tests confirmed lignification and callose deposition in the cell walls of the treated plants. Antagonist microbes were further evaluated under field conditions against D. dadantii infection. Compared to the control, there is a significant enhancement of plant growth parameters and yield with a simultaneous decrease in disease severity in T. viride treated plants. Results showed that the potential benefits of T. viride could not only effectively induce resistance in plants, enhance plant growth, increase yield, and suppress pathogen infection but also reduce the use of hazardous pesticides. As a result of correlation, PCA and heat map analyses indicated that T. viride is interconnected to determine the crop ability to sustain its growth under pathogen stress.Not Availabl
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No full textChapter in Handbook on Antimicrobial ResistanceOrnamental fisheries are a multibillion business and livelihood of many, especially in the developing countries. India also plays an important role in ornamental fisheries and stands at 26th position in the international ornamental fish trade. Though the sector is flourishing with advanced hatchery technologies, there have been also anomalies in profit making in the sector due to fish diseases and associated mortality. The incidence of diseases in ornamental fishes, especially bacterial infections, are common and it adversely affects the export. To overcome the economic loss, farmers frequently use antibiotics in aquaculture systems which have been identified as a major driver for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is now considered a hot topic as there are no strict rules and regulations for the use of antibiotics in ornamental fisheries unlike that in edible fish culture. There have been increasing reports of resistance development and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens as well as environmental bacteria that is known to have a colossal impact on the aquatic ecosystem. This chapter summarizes the major drivers of AMR in ornamental fisheries and the challenges, diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, modes of resistance acquisition, and lastly different management strategies and alternative approaches to reduce AMR.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableChanges in the global climate have been a critical factor in the deterioration of the marine environment, which directly and indirectly impacts fish stocks and alters the growth, reproductive capability, and mortality of fish, significantly affecting the quantity of fish output. So, migration and introduction of new species are widely debated and adequately addressed. But there is trifling information on the effect of climate change on the emergence of seafood pathogens. The recent prediction analysis states that there will be a significant alteration in seafood safety by the emergence of pathogenic bacteria. Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts an average temperature rise from 1.8oC to 4oC due to climate change (IPCC, 2007); this would provide insight into possible predictions over the change in seafood pathogens. But, the prediction of the impact of climate on seafood pathogens is complex owing to the combined effect of physical, biological, behaviors and environment. The average pH of the ocean would drop to 8.5, i.e., around 0.1 units from the pre-industrial period due to the excess CO2 being dissolved in the ocean and making towards acidic (Kintisch and Stokstad, 2008). It is predicted that analysis says that the pH will fall around 0.4 units from the existing pH by A.D. 2100. The drop in pH and a hike in marine environment temperature would negatively affect aquatic life (Hammond and Hofmann, 2012). Changes in phytoplankton communities provide a sensitive early warning for climate-driven perturbations to marine ecosystems (Hallegraeff, 2010.) So, comprehensive analyses of physical, chemical, genomes and temporal–spatial scales are necessary for the understanding of the role of micro-organisms in oceanic ecosystems.Not Availabl
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No full textChapter 7 of Training manual “Seafood Quality Assurance”Not AvailableNot Availabl
Genetic analysis of brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) based on microsatellite markers
No full textNot AvailableBrown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is one of the most destructive pests of rice in Southeast Asia. It
expresses a differential reaction to resistant rice cultivars and various insecticide groups in different geographic locations. Therefore, genetic diversity among N. lugens populations must be understood for their effective management. Hence, in the present study, the genetic structure and diversity of 22 N. lugens populations collected from 22 hotspot regions of India were analysed using with genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR)
markers. Results revealed that the mean genetic diversity was 0.399 and polymorphic information content was
0.337 in the 30 selected SSR markers. Further, molecular variance revealed only a 2% variation among the pop ulations and 98% within a population. In cluster and population structure analysis, all 22 populations were
sub-grouped into three groups. Interestingly, the North and West Indian populations showed high genetic simi larity and assembled into one cluster in cluster analysis. The East and South Indian populations were evenly segregated into the remaining two clusters. Similarly, the North and West Indian populations shared the
same compartment in principal coordinate analysis. This variation might be associated with the N. lugens
migration due to wind movement of the southwest monsoon in two branches, viz. Arabian Sea branch and
Bay of Bengal branch. The present study provides molecular evidence for genetic variation among different
populations of N. lugens in India. The information could be helpful to devise an efficient management
strategy against this pest in different rice ecosystems.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableDietary fishmeal replacement with Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly, BSF) larvae meal affected production performance, whole body composition, antioxidant status, and health of snakehead (Channa striata) juvenilesNot Availabl
West Bengal farmer set milestone producing CIFA-GI Scampi
No full textNot AvailableWest Bengal farmer set milestone producing CIFA-GI ScampiNot Availabl