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No full textNot AvailableSalmonella species are Gram-negative bacteria with more than 2600 serovars. Among these serovars, many are associated with various diseases in livestock and humans. White Kauffman Le-Minor (WKL) serotyping scheme applies specific serum to determine the serovars of Salmonella. Recent studies have applied molecular methods for serovar predictions. These methods include PCR, hybridization and sequence data to detect/predict serovar-specific genetic elements. Among these, PCR is a robust method if the unique genetic element is already known. Within this context, also involving novel primers, two multiplex PCR assays were standardized to detect six important Salmonella serovars viz. Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Kentucky, Infantis, Virchow and Gallinarum associated with poultry in India. The developed PCR assays showed targeted serovar specificity. Serial dilution experiments of both kit-based and crude lysate DNA preparations indicated similar applicability of both methods for testing from pure cultures. Further the developed assays were validated with 25 recent field isolates to confirm the applicability in routine diagnosis. The PCR assay could predict all the targeted serovars (17/25) with 100% specificity (CI-95%; 0.63-1). Molecular serotyping can reduce the number of serum used incomparison to the conventional serotyping which involves more random application of serum.Not Availabl
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Get PDFNot AvailableSisal is one of the important fibre crops in the marginal soils of Odisha. The Sambalpur and Jharsuguda districts are known for sisal cultivation. The information on sisal soils of Odisha and of the two districts (Sambalpur and Jharsuguda) were not available. In this study, we have characterized the sisal growing soils for their physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties. The sisal growing soils are acidic in nature, with low organic carbon and available nitrogen content and available P & K status was medium. The micronutrients in sisal growing areas were sufficient. The biological properties indicated that the microbial activity is very low because of very low organic carbon status. Use of organic manure like FYM, sisal compost, green manure and use of lime can improve the soil condition and improve the fertility status of the sisal growing soils of Odisha. Further, addition of P either as SSP or rock phosphate (RP) or in a combination of SSP + RP (1:1) will increase the available P status in acid soils of Odisha. In addition to this, growing pulse crop in between the sisal rows during kharif season may improve the organic matter, available N status of soil and will also help to earn additional income from sisal + pulse intercropping.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableMicronutrient deficiency is one of the major challenges for food security in developing nations. There is a
need for the identification of micronutrient-rich genotypes for their direct use in the genetic enhancement of
staple food crops using plant breeding strategies. In the present study, grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents
of 29 accessions of Oryza glaberrima along with check varieties were analyzed for three seasons. Grain Fe
ranged from 6.40 ppm to 12.10 ppm with a mean of 8.57 ppm, while Zn content exhibited manifold variation
by ranging from 7.30 ppm to 34.40 ppm in the brown rice. There was a two-fold variation in Fe and Zn
concentrations between accessions indicating the potential to boost these micronutrients in rice grain. Fifteen
African rice accessions were better than the checks for grain Fe content, while four accessions outperformed
checks with higher Zn content. Altogether, one O. glaberrima accession, CG 239 was found to be having
high Zn content (34.7 ppm) in the brown rice making it a valuable source for biofortification of popular rice
varieties using conventional and molecular approaches.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableInter-sub-specific hybridization between indica and tropical japonica rice germplasm
is the most efficient approach for broadening the genetic base of hybrid rice parental
lines and enhancing the heterotic potential of hybrids in a tropical country like India.
In the present study, 106 indica/tropical–japonica derived lines were developed
through inter-sub-specific hybridization and screened using functional markers with
respect to the major fertility restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4, and the wide compatibility
gene, S5n. The fertility restoration ability of newly developed restorers was validated
through test cross nursery performance. The functional markers were observed to
accurately predict the trait of fertility restoration. From the present study, the
decreasing order of efficiency of different gene combinations on fertility restoration
ability are as follows: Rf4/S5n > Rf4/Rf3/S5n > Rf4 > Rf4/Rf3 > Rf3/S5n > Rf3. Based
on multi-trait stability index (MTSI) analysis, the four newly identified restorers, that
is, RP6388-90, RP6382-49, RP6375-81 and RP6368-38, were selected as the top
best performing genotypes with high stability for multiple traits, and these genotypes
will be useful for the development of superior rice hybrids in India.Not Availabl
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No full textChapter 2 of Course Manual on Shrimp Processing and Quality Assurance for ExportNot AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableLiguleless mutants produce defective ligules and auricles and, consequently, have more upright leaves than their ligulate counterparts, making them useful genetic material for plant architectural studies. Besides, owing to the recessive nature and amenability of the liguleless trait to phenotyping at the seedling stage, liguleless mutants are popularly used for ‘proof-of-concept’ demonstration and assessment of haploid induction rate (HIR) of haploid inducer lines (HILs) in maize. The commonly used liguleless testers in maize are of temperate origin and are challenging to use and maintain under tropical/sub-tropical conditions. In the present study, liguleless lines (V 601, V 602, V 603 and V 604) derived from crosses between agronomically superior locally adapted tropical ligulate lines (V 407 and CM 152) and liguleless donors of temperate origin (PDH-3 and PDH-8) were evaluated for different agro-morphological traits. Liguleless line V 602 was also used as a tester to assess the HIR of haploid inducer line EC937890 (CIM2GTAILP2). The results showed a mean HIR of 12.42% for EC937890, consistent with the HIR reported in other studies, thus demonstrating the efficacy of V 602 as a tester for determining HIR. The agronomically superior liguleless maize lines reported in this study will, therefore, be a valuable resource for leaf architectural studies, assessment of HIR of candidate HILs and maintenance of high HIR in the HILs presently in wide use in the doubled haploid (DH) programmes. Additionally, these genetic stocks carry the liguleless trait in genetic backgrounds with known heterotic affinity with early maturity Indian public maize germplasm and, therefore, can be used directly as parents in hybrid development programmes.ICAR-NASF funded project ‘Utilization and refinement of haploid/doubled haploids systems in rice, wheat and maize using in vitro and molecular strategies’ (Research Grant F. No. NASF/GTR-7002/2017-18)
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No full textNot AvailableAn experiment was carried out to assess the efficacy of supplemental ascorbic acid (AA) on broiler chicken production performance, blood haematological profile, biochemical profile, and carcass traits under heat stress conditions. A total of 192-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each with six replicates of eight each (4 × 6 × 8). Four corn-based dietary treatments were formulated: T1 (control diet), T2 (T1 + AA at 200 mg/kg), T3 (T1 + AA at 400 mg/kg), and T4 (T1 + AA at 600 mg/kg) for a period of 42 days. Despite the high temperature and humidity, the 600 mg AA supplemental groups (T4) gained significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more body weight and had a higher feed intake and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control group (T1). After 28 days of feeding the three AA-supplemented diets, antibody titres (humoral immune response) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05). The response to intradermally injected phyto-haemagglutinin (PHA-P), an index of the in vivo cell-mediated immune response, was found to be increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the 400 and 600 mg AA-supplemented groups after 35 days. Higher levels of AA (T4) supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved haematological values such as haemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), and differential leukocyte count (DLC), heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) in comparison to the control group (T1). The supplemented group improved the serum biochemical profile of the birds, with an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in total serum protein, albumin, and globulin and a decrease in serum cholesterol and corticosterone levels in the T4 group compared to the control group. Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) was gradually elevated after increasing the ascorbic acid concentration (P ≤ 0.05) at 14 and 21 days. As a result, it can be concluded that supplementing ascorbic acid at 600 mg/kg is beneficial for improving the performance, immunity, and blood haematological biochemical profile and upregulating the HSP-70 gene of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions.Indian Council of Agricultural Researc
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No full textNot AvailableRegular vaccination along with better management practises and biosecurity plays a vital role in the sustenance and growth of the
poultry sector. However, despite of vaccinating all the birds on the farm, the poultry industry reported Newcastle Disease cases year
after year. To understand the benefits of vaccination in monetary terms, a retrospective study was conducted with the purpose to
estimate the benefits of regular/complete vaccination over incomplete vaccination against Newcastle Disease. The data was obtained
directly from farmers with a total sample size of 90-layer farms for the period April 2021- March 2022. The partial budget analysis
technique was employed, and the overall incremental benefit of complete vaccination was estimated to be ~22 INR per bird. Hence
the study suggests poultry farmers to follow complete vaccination on their farms as a standard management practice.Indian Council of Agricultural Researc
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No full textChapter 3 of "Fishpreneurship Development [E-book]"Not AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textChapter 12 of Advances in Fish Processing TechnologiesMarine organisms serve as rich source of biologically active substances such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, peptides, pigments, sterols, etc., having immense therapeutic benefits. The increased awareness regarding the health benefits of marine bioactive among the general public has further fostered its extraction for diverse applications. Conventional solvent-based methods are often employed for extraction of bioactive compounds from marine sources. However, such methods are time consuming, require a longer duration and need further purification/concentration step. In addition to this, there is an increasing global concern on the use of organic solvents for extraction as they are not eco-friendly methods. Hence, innovative and sustainable extraction technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were introduced as an alternative to conventional separation methods. SFE helps in the efficient extraction of thermolabile compounds as the process is often carried out at lower temperature. Apart from SFE, other greener technologies that are currently employed for extraction of marine bioactives include ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), eutectic solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DES), switchable solvents (SS), etc. The present review highlights the sustainable 272extraction methods used in isolation of marine bioactive compounds with special emphasis on the most commonly employed techniques, SFE, UAE, and MAE.Not Availabl