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Tri-Hierarchical IBDs (Tri- Hierarchical Incomplete Block Designs)
No full textNot AvailableTri-hierarchical incomplete block design is defined as an arrangement of v treatments
each replicated r times in a three system of blocks if, each block of the first system contains
m_1 blocks of second system and each block of the second system contains
m_2 blocks of the third system. Ignoring the first and second system of blocks, it leaves an incomplete
block design with b_3 blocks of size k_3i units; ignoring first and third system
of blocks, it leaves an incomplete block design with b_2 blocks each of size k_2i units and ignoring
the second and third system of blocks, it leaves an incomplete block design
with b_1 blocks each of size k_1 units. For dealing with experimental circumstances
where there are three nested sources of variation, a tri-hierarchical incomplete block design
can be adopted. Tri - hierarchical incomplete block designs can find application potential
in obtaining mating-environmental designs for breeding trials.
To know more about nested block designs one can refer
Preece (1967) . This package includes series1(), series2(),
series3() and series4() functions. This package generates tri-hierarchical designs
with six component designs under certain parameter restrictions.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIn this article, three new association schemes and construction of partially balanced incomplete block (PBIB) designs based on these association schemes in three and four associate classes using polyhedra have been proposed. Construction methods use polyhedral such as icosahedron, octahedron and pentagonal prism. PBIB designs based on icosahedral and octahedral association schemes are resolvable block designs whereas designs based on pentagonal prism association scheme are 2-replicate PBIB designs. A simple analysis of these designs is outlined including generalized forms of canonical efficiency factors (CEFs) and average variances. A catalogue of PBIB designs for k (size of each block) <= 20 is given along with computed efficiencies.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe current research was completed at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, Kerala, India from August 2021 to August 2022 as a modified thermal extraction protocol for deriving gelatin from processing waste of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) skin. The study evaluated the effect of chemical composition and molecular weight contributing to the techno-functional attributes of the resulting gelatin. In the present study, we followed warm water-coupled NaCl pre-treatment to reduce the lipid content of the extracted gelatin. The extracted gelatin was characterized for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The amount of gelatin extracted from the fish skin was 9.30±0.22%. The protein pattern of extracted gelatin on SDS-PAGE was identical to commercial grade gelatin, which implies the purity of extracted gelatin is comparable to that of commercial one. The physicochemical and functional properties were evaluated and pose remarkable techno-functional properties. Therefore, fish processing skin waste of skipjack tuna could be effectively exploited for the preparation of commercial gelatin. The extraction protocol remains environment friendly and this approach remains optimal for food technological applications. The effective exploration contributed to nutritional benefits, technological, functional, and biological functionalities for a large fraction of applications in the area of food technology, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutics, and numerous others as a future line of research.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis paper examined the pluripotent effect of supplementation of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) (Curcuma longa) in
growing Andaman local pigs. A total of 48 pigs were randomly allotted into four groups and fed diets containing TRP at 4
concentrations, that is, 0 (control group), 0.05 (treatment 1), 0.1 (treatment 2), and 0.2% (treatment 3) for 30 days. The mean
body weight of pigs supplemented with 0.1% and 0.2% TRP was significantly higher than that of the control group (41.66 ±
0.44, 42.59 ± 0.33 vs 40.38 ± 0.30 kg; p ≤ 0.05) which indicated the effect of TRP as growth enhancer. A significant (p ≤
0.05) decrease in serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) was recorded in supplemented groups as compared to the control group. Creatinine kinase (U/l) decreased
in all the treatment groups as compared to the control group. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol decreased significantly after supplementation with 0.1% and 0.2% TRP in comparison to the control group.
However, there was marked increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) in all TRP-supplemented groups than
the control group (27.67 ± 0.60 in T1, 32.76 ± 0.32 in T2, and 34.58 ± 0.37 in T3 vs. 23.73 ± 0.69 in control; p ≤ 0.05).
Further, there was increase in antioxidant profile after TRP supplementation. Anti-inflammatory potentiality of TRP could
also be appreciated since TRP supplementation downregulated (p ≤ 0.05) expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. Therefore,
we perceive that this conflated approach is an example of its own kind to focus on modification of health status of pigs for
more productivity and augmentation of immune response.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableDiscovery of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances
has made the conventional method more
hassle-free to detect specific bacteria. A comparative
analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness
of fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates in aiding
the enumeration of E. coli of Sasthamkotta Lake
located in Kerala, India. The fluorogenic compound,
4-Methyl umbelliferyl-D-glucuronide (MUG) is
employed for the detection of E. coli in food and
water. Similarly, a chromogenic substance, viz., 5-
Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-ß-glucuronic acid (BCIG)
is also employed for E. coli identification in food in
ISO 16649-3. The present study compared the
fluorogenic and chromogenic techniques with the
standard method for enumerating E. coli by the most
probable number (MPN) method. To enumerate the
E. coli, a total of sixteen water samples were
collected from Sasthamkotta Lake of Kerala, India
and analyzed by 5-tube MPN method. Quantitatively,
the results showed that, chromogenic approach
revealed the highest E. coli count, followed
by the fluorogenic and standard methods. Qualitatively,
among the 16 samples, 11 samples were
positive in standard method whereas for other
methods, all 16 samples were positive. Hence it can
be concluded that, in traditional enumeration
technique, there is a substantial chance of under
representation of E. coli by this method. On the other
hand, there is chance of over-representation of E. coli
in the chromogenic and fluorogenic aided methods.
Based on the study, it is suggested that a combination of fluorogenic and chromogenic methods, i.e.,
EC-MUG followed by BCIG plating, would reduce
the false positive or reduce the over representation
of E. coli enumeration.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableA solar-electrical hybrid dryer (SEHD) of 10 kg capacity was designed and developed for drying of fishery products under controlled and hygienic conditions. SEHD consisted of a drying chamber with total drying area of 3.06 m2, solar air collector, electric heating coil, blower, exhaust fans, temperature sensor, and control panels. Fabrication of dryer was done using stainless steel (SS 304) for cabinet and drying trays, galvanized iron for the frame, MS angle frame for support, polyurethane foam and aluminum foil for insulation of drying chamber, and glazing and fiber boards for outer covering and structure. SEHD is designed to utilize solar energy for drying and is supplemented with 750 W electric heating coil to operate during off-sunshine hours. The shrimp moisture content reduced from 80.05% (w.b.) to 14.38% (w.b.) in 6 h in SEHD. The maximum collector temperature obtained during the experiment was 64.4°C with an average incident radiation of 710 W/m2. The collector efficiency was found to be 37.39%. The drying efficiency of 28.65% was observed in SEHD. The exergy efficiency of the drying chamber and solar air collector was estimated to be 28.57 and 62.50%, respectively. The energy payback period of the designed SEHD was found to be 0.58 years, with a sustainability index of 1.4. The economic payback period was estimated to be 0.73 years.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableBone defect repair, particularly in the alveolar region, remains a significant hurdle in periodontics. In recent years, the spotlight in regenerative medicine has fallen on 3D-printed bone scaffolds, especially those constructed of polylactic acid (PLA) infused with hydroxyapatite. This research introduced a novel approach by developing a 3D-printed PLA scaffold enriched with hydroxyapatite derived from fish skin waste (FSHA). Mechanical compression tests revealed that the 3D-printed PLA-FSHA scaffolds had a compressive strength (13.4±5.53 MPa) in the same ballpark as their reference PLA counterparts (20.3±1.08 MPa). Scanning electron micrographs highlighted an average pore size in the scaffold (572 ± 33 µm) conducive to angiogenesis and facilitating cell migration and proliferation. In vitro, cytotoxicity was ascertained using the MTT assay on L929 fibroblast cells. Further in vitro cytocompatibility assessments through actin-DAPI staining and measurements of bone regeneration markers - alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteopontin-demonstrated that the PLA-FSHA scaffolds not only were biocompatible but also showcased performance on par with the commercial graft, osseograft. This lays the foundation for future in vivo evaluations of bone regenerative capabilities.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableMost of earlier investigations on pollution monitoring
of bacteria have relied on the levels of E. coli in
the aquatic environment with limited investigation
on their biofilm producing ability. The capacity of
a bacteria to produce biofilm is closely related to its
pathogenicity. Vembanad Lake in Kerala is the
longest lake in India, with 1.6 million people living
on its shores and relying on it for their livelihood
either directly or indirectly. The study was conducted
to assess the level of biofilm-producing E.
coli in Vembanad Lake. A Niskin water sampler was
used to collect samples after mapping 34 locations
and were used as sampling points. These location
points covered the entire stretch of Vembanad Lake;
Ernakulam, Kottayam, and Alappuzha regions.
Faecal coliform (FC), E. coli and Faecal Streptococci
(FS) in the water samples were enumerated using
the 5-tube MPN method. The samples yielded 102
E. coli isolates, which were confirmed by polymerase
chain reaction. All the isolates were checked for
their biofilm formation ability. The study revealed
that the Ernakulam region had the highest number
of FC, FS and E. coli among the three regions.
Among the E. coli isolates, 68, 14, 12 and 3 were
weak, moderate, strong and very strong biofilm
producers, respectively. It can be inferred that high
prevalence of biofilm producing E. coli in Vembanad
Lake indicate a potential hazard. It is recommended
that the biofilm-forming capacity of E. coli be
assessed along with routine monitoring since this
ability of bacteria is associated with bacterial
survival and invasiveness.Not Availabl
Genotypic Variation in Photosynthetic Traits, Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Differential Nitrogen Levels
No full textNitrogen (N) is one of the yield limiting nutrients for rice. Unwarranted usage of N fertilizer to achieve higher crop returns is affecting environment and increasing the cost of cultivation. A field experiment was conducted under two differential N experimental plots (N-Low and N-Rec) to evaluate the effect of N on photosynthesis, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of six rice genotypes belonging to three diverse groups. At N-Rec, Kolajoha3 exhibited highest mean SCMR value (43.2), flag leaf length (39.0 cm), flag leaf width (1.77 cm), flag leaf area (53.8 cm2), photosynthetic rate (19.50 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.38 mol [H2 O] m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (10.72 mmol [H2 O] m-2 s-1). IC463254 recorded highest mean grain yield (621.5 g m-2), total dry matter (1302.5 g m-2), harvest index (47.7%), grain N uptake (84.4 kg ha-1) and nitrogen use efficiency (18.2). Significant reduction in growth, photosynthetic rate and yield of rice occurred under N-Low compared with N-Rec. In comparison N-Rec, Kolajoha3 exhibited least mean reduction in plant height (10.68%), photosynthetic rate (14.96%), productive tiller number (35.40%), grain yield (50.63%), straw yield (24.83%), total dry matter (36.03%), agronomic efficiency (14.6%) and NUE (26.21%) under N-Low, while IC463254 exhibited least mean reduction in SCMR value (14.11%) and flag leaf width (23.66%)
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No full textNot AvailableRice is a highly consumed staple cereal cultivated predominantly in Asian countries, which share 90% of global rice production. Rice is a primary calorie provider for more than 3.5 billion people across the world. Preference and consumption of polished rice have increased manifold, which resulted in the loss of inherent nutrition. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (Zn and Fe) are major human health challenges in the 21st century. Biofortification of staples is a sustainable approach to alleviating malnutrition. Globally, significant progress has been made in rice for enhancing grain Zn, Fe, and protein. To date, 37 biofortified Fe, Zn, Protein and Provitamin A rich rice varieties are available for commercial cultivation (16 from India and 21 from the rest of the world; Fe > 10 mg/kg, Zn > 24 mg/kg, protein > 10% in polished rice as India target while Zn > 28 mg/kg in polished rice as international target). However, understanding the micronutrient genetics, mechanisms of uptake, translocation, and bioavailability are the prime areas that need to be strengthened. The successful development of these lines through integrated-genomic technologies can accelerate deployment and scaling in future breeding programs to address the key challenges of malnutrition and hidden hunger.Not Availabl