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No full textNot AvailableSelection of proper shoot of scion and rootstock are important for grafting sucessNot Availabl
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No full textNot Availableसंयुक्त राष्ट्र (यु.एन.) सम्बंधित संस्थाओं का अनुमान है कि पूरे विश्वभर में हर तीन में से एक बच्चा कुपोषण से प्रभावित है, जिसकी वजह से शारीरिक वृद्धि और मानसिक विकास में कमी आती है। कोविड जैसी महामारी ने इस दर में और भी वृद्धि की है | पोषण और खाद्य सुरक्षा के महत्व को इस तथ्य से महसूस किया जा सकता है कि 17 एस.डी.जी. में से 12 स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा, रोजगार और महिला सशक्तिकरण क्षेत्रों में पोषण से संबंधित हैं। कुपोषण के उन्मूलन को सतत विकास लक्ष्य-2 (एस.डी.जी.-2) को प्राप्त करने के लक्ष्यों में से एक भी जाना जाता है। आहार में सूक्ष्म पोषक तत्वों का बहुत अधिक महत्व है | इन तत्वों की कमी का सही समय पर पता लगाना कठिन है, खासकर मध्यम आयु के बच्चों में यह कमी केवल गंभीर अवस्था आने पर ही प्रकट हो पाती है। असंतुलित आहार ग्रहण करने के कारण 5 साल से कम उम्र के लगभग 15.5 करोड़ बच्चों का कद सामान्य से कम हैं, जबकि 5.2 करोड़ बच्चे कुपोषण से ग्रसित हैं। पोषण विरोधी तत्वों की मात्रा को कम करने और बायो-फोर्टिफाइड फसलों को बढ़ावा देने से, बढ़ती मानव आबादी के स्वास्थ्य, कल्याण और सूक्ष्म पोषक तत्वों की कमी से उत्पन्न रोगों से निपटने के लिए लाभदायक सिद्ध हो सकता है।Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableTemperature is one of the main environmental factors that affects plant growth and development. Flowering
phenology mainly pollination is highly sensitive to temperature extremes. Thus, pollen tests can be used as a tool
to screen temperature tolerant crops. In present study, the in vitro pollen germination method was used for
screening cashew varieties at different temperatures. The pollens of five cashew varieties comprising three early
(VRI-3, Vengurla-4 and Ullal-3), one mid (Bhaskara) and one late (Madakkathara-2) were screened in field (in
vivo) as well as at controlled temperatures from 5 to 50◦C. The morphological features of pollen grains were also
studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Significant differences in polar axis (P), equatorial axis (E)
and P/E ratio were observed among five cashew varieties. Early varieties had high P and E. Pollen germination
under in vivo was high for early types with optimum temperature (Topt) of 25◦C while it was low in mid and late
types with Topt of 30◦C. The in vitro study further confirmed this finding, pollen germination at 25◦C was 75% in
early types while it was 57.8 and 50.5% for mid and late types respectively at 30◦C. However, mid and late
varieties exhibited better tolerance to high temperature beyond 40◦C suggesting their wider adaptability to high
temperature. The high reducing sugars mainly glucose and fructose in pollens of early varieties may be correlated
to high pollen germination in response to temperature. Overall, the varietal differences in pollen behaviour can
be used to select cashew varieties for evaluating their adaptability to temperature extremes during flowering
across various regions.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe increase of global warming risk is mainly due to increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) concentrations in atmosphere. The contribution of agricultural systems to global climate change can be assessed through carbon footprint (CF). In this chapter, the CF of different agricultural systems with different crop systems in diverse soil types are highlighted. Although agricultural systems are a major source of GHGs, there are opportunities to reduce GHG emissions by adopting best management practices. Carbon footprint is the best indicator to measure GHG intensities related to human activity in different scenarios. Adopting less energy along with efficient use of resources can reduce the GHG emissions. There are various methods for evaluating the CF of different agricultural systems with various crop systems. Multiple functional units need to be used when assessing the CF of an agricultural system. One of the most important functions to be considered is the variation of SOC storage while evaluating CF in different agricultural systems. Carbon footprint estimates in context to agricultural systems help in increasing the understanding of factors behind differences in CF of different farms and systems. The accuracy of CF can be increased by using site-specific emission factors. This will provide an important information that helps to identify areas for decision-making for greenhouse gas mitigation.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailablePresent work evaluated the protein quality of defatted white sesame flour and the protein isolates obtained from sesame cake through the alkaline extraction at a pH 9.5. The study was conducted at Department of Foods and Nutrition, Post Graduate and Research Center (PGRC), College of Community Science and MFPI - Quality Control Laboratory, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (India) during 2021-2023. Defatted white sesame cake was subjected to alkaline extraction at pH 9.5 and resultant isolates were evaluated for nutrient composition, scanning electron microscope imaging, amino acid composition and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The obtained data was subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The white sesame protein isolates had a protein content of 93.83%, isolate recovery of 37.00 g/100 g and protein yield of 71.77%. The non- essential amino acids (NEAAs) content of the defatted white sesame flour and white sesame protein isolates ranged between 68.06% to 70.60% of the total protein content, while 29.40% to
31.94% was essential amino acids (EAAs). Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of defatted white sesame flour WSF and white sesame protein isolate (WSPI) exhibited protein bands within the molecular weight range of 20 to 62 kDa. The protein isolates derived from sesame seed cake has promising potential for integration into diverse food formulations, offering an avenue to combat protein deficiencies.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableDespite many studies reporting conservation agriculture (CA) impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, the impacts of long-term permanent bed planting under CA on SOC sequestration are rarely reported. Hence, this study assessed the permanent bed planted CA impacts on SOC sequestration rates in 0–30 and 30–60 cm soil depths under a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The treatments comprised diverse combinations of tillage and residue retention (R), viz. conventional tillage (CT), narrow bed, narrow bed + R, broad bed, broad bed + R, flat bed + R and flat bed. Results indicated that the total SOC stock was ~32, 31 and 29% higher in CA plots than in CT plots
farmers' practice, in 0–30 cm soil depth. The SOC sequestration rate (over CT plots) in the CA plots was ~0.76 Mg C/ha/yr. The broad bed + R, narrow bed + R and flat bed + R plots had appreciably high total SOC sequestration (~0.24 Mg C/ha/yr) compared to CT plots in deep soil
layer (30–60 cm). The yield data (2-year mean basis) was recorded highest in the broad bed + R (3.48 tonnes/ha and 8.11 tonnes/ha for cotton and wheat, respectively) and flat bed + R (3.38 tonnes/ha and 8.46 tonnes/ha for cotton and wheat, respectively) treatments showing a positive impact of the adoption of long-term CA in the IGP. Thus, adopting raised beds with residue retention has great potential for higher carbon sequestration and improving yields and can be recommended for sustainable intensification of arable lands in the region.Not Availabl
Influence of planting density and nitrogen management on growth and productivity of maize in eastern India
No full textA field experiment was conducted during kharif 2022 for exploring the effect of planting density and N management on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) in eastern
India at the experimental farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Gauria Karma, Jharkhand. The treatments comprised of three planting densities viz., 67.5 cm × 20 cm (D1), 67.5 cm x 22 cm (D2) and 67.5 cm × 25 cm (D3) in main-plots and five nitrogen management practices viz., control, farmers practices (FP), RDNconventional, 75 per cent RDN-SSB (sub-surface band placement) and RDN-SSB in sub-plots and replicated thrice. The results of the study indicated that the growth parameters, viz plant height, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation and net assimilation rate was significantly higher at D1. However, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate was obtained
highest in D2 and D3, respectively. Similarly, these growth parameters were enhanced by RDN-SSB. However, significantly higher grain yield was obtained with D2 with RDN-SSB. Further, statistically at par growth parameters as well as grain yield was obtained under RDNconventional and 75 per cent RDN-SSB which shows
that saving of 25 per cent N could be achieved through sub-surface band placement. It was concluded that of growing of maize with 67.5 cm × 22 cm spacing and fertilization with recommended dose of N as sub-surface band placement is recommended for yield maximization and saving of 25 per cent N can be achieved with sub surface band placement without any yield penalty and benefit-cost ratio is also higher at 67.5 cm × 22 cm in Eastern region of India
