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No full textResearch articleSoil Organic Carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle, affecting soil fertility and agricultural sustainability. Our study focused on areas with low SOC, where increasing its levels could enhance soil health and carbon management. We used an earth science approach to analyze SOC density and stock in different land classes of the Urmodi River watershed in Maharashtra, India. Using GIS, we estimated SOC from soil samples collected up to 20 cm depth, and produced maps of SOC, SOC density (SOCD), and SOC stock. Our results showed that natural vegetation areas, such as closed and open forests, had a higher nutritional status of SOC and SOC stock, indicating the importance of land cover history on soil health. We found the average SOC to be 1.4 g/kg−1, SOCD to be 57.36 kg/m−2, SOC stock to be 3.46 ton/ha−1. We also depicted the relationship between elevation and SOCD using a scatterplot, revealing the distribution of SOC across different elevations. Our study demonstrates the use of modern geoscientific analysis tools to understand the physical and chemical properties of soil, which can be useful in assessing soil health. Overall, our results provide valuable insights into the distribution of SOC and its relationship with other geo-chemical aspects at a regional scale.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe purpose of this research was to isolate and identify Dermatophilus congolensis from skin infections
in horses in Rajasthan using conventional methods and polymerase chain reaction and to assess the
efficacy of some selected antibacterial agents against D. congolensis using agar well diffusion and broth
microdilution techniques. The presence of D. congolensis was confirmed by the ''Tram track'' appearance
of coccoid forms in culture-stained smears as well as colony characters and biochemical tests. The
existence of D. congolensis was also confirmed by the resulting 500 bp PCR amplicon. The zone of
inhibition ranged from 13 mm to 21 mm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from
1.562 mg/ml to 3.125 mg/ml for all the extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis when tested against D.
congolensis. Zones of inhibition of 15 mm to 21 mm (MIC- 3.125 to 6.25 mg/ml) and 11 mm (MIC-25 mg/
ml) were seen for Azadirachta indica (chloroform, methanolic and ethanolic extract) and Aloe vera
(methanolic extract), respectively, when tested on this pathogen. To combat the issue of antibiotic
resistance, the results of this study suggest that E. camaldulensis, A. indica, and A. vera can be used or
incorporated into topical antibacterial medicines.National Livestock Mission Department of Animal Husbandary and Dairying Government of Indi
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No full textNot AvailableGerbera is an important commercial flower crop in the world. Augmenting the genetic diversity is desirable for further improvement in Gerbera breeding programme. Thirty-seven (37) Gerbera accessions were evaluated and analysed for genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path coefficient analysis using yield and quality traits. Results showed that phenotypic coefficients were higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters. All the traits, except stalk and flower diameter, had high heritability (>60%) and genetic advance (>20%). Based on cluster analysis, the 37 accessions were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster I consists of the maximum number of genotypes (22), while clusters IV–VII are monogenotypic with unique traits. Cluster analysis (D2) showed wider genetic diversity within and between the clusters. The first four principal components (Eigenvalue >1) contributed 72.3% of the total variation. The number of leaves, number of flowers and flower stalk length contributed the most to genetic divergence. Flower yield showed a significant positive genotypic correlation with the number of leaves and suckers. The path analysis (genotypic) revealed that number of suckers, flower stalk diameter and flower stalk length contribute major positive direct effects on number of flowers. Therefore, the wide genetic variability existing in the germplasm may facilitate improvement in gerbera crops. Superior lines (RCGH-12, -22, -114, -117) with higher yield (>23 flowers/plant) and vase life (>5 days) could be promoted for commercial production under open field conditions. While RCGH 28 has a dwarf flower stalk that can be promoted for pots and decoration purposes.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe present study was carried out at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar during
2021–2023 to focus on examining alterations in SOC pools resulting from conservation agriculture (CA) practices
in R-W system in the eastern IGP, following the collection of soil samples from a long-term trial that was initiated in
rainy (kharif) season 2006. The trial included eight combinations, namely: conventional tilled rice (Oryza sativa L.)
and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CTR-CTW); CT rice and zero till wheat (CTR-ZTW); direct seeded rice (DSR)
and wheat on permanent raised beds (PBDSR-PBW); ZTDSR and CT Wheat (ZTDSR-CTW); ZTDSR and ZT wheat
without residue (ZTDSR-ZTW -R); ZTDSR-ZT wheat with residue (ZTDSR-ZTW +R); unpuddled transplanted rice-
ZTW (UpTR-ZTW) and ZTDSR-sesbania brown manure-ZTW (ZTDSR-S-ZTW). Results revealed that implementing
zero tillage (ZT) combined with residue retention in rice and wheat cultivation led to enhanced levels of soil organic
carbon (SOC) across all four fractions, namely very labile (CVL), labile (CL), less labile (CLL), and non-labile
(CNL), in comparison to the continuous and rotational tillage practices. The tillage and residue management options
significantly affected the lability index (LI) and C pool index (CPI), with zero-tillage and residue retention leading
to lower LI and higher CPI values. The management practices significantly affected the C management index (CMI),
with zero-tillage and residue retention showing the highest CMI values. Findings showed the potential of CA practices
for enhancing soil C quality as well as C sequestration in soil of the Eastern IGP of India.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe estuaries provide the key pathway for travelling carbon across the land-ocean interfaces and behave as both source and sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in water-atmosphere systems. The sink-source characteristics of estuaries for GHGs vary spatially. The primary driving factors are adjacent ecologies (agriculture, aquaculture, etc.) and proximities to the sea. To study the sink-source characteristics of estuaries for GHGs (methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)), the water samples were collected from 53 different locations in the estuaries for estimation of dissolved GHGs concentration and air-water GHGs exchanges. The locations represent five zones (Zone I, II, III, IV and V) based on the type and degradation status of mangroves (degraded and undisturbed), anthropogenic activities, and distance from the sea. Zone I, III, V represents to the degraded mangroves far from sea, whereas, Zone II, IV surrounded by undisturbed mangroves and nearer to sea. The average dissolved CH4 concentrations were higher in the estuaries which were adjacent to degraded mangroves (154.4 nmol L−1) than undisturbed mangroves (81.7 nmol L−1). Further, the average dissolved N2O concentrations were 48% higher in the estuaries nearer to degraded mangroves than that of undisturbed ones. Among the degraded mangrove sites, the dissolved CO2 concentrations were higher at Zone I (30.1 μmol L−1) followed by Zone III and IV, whereas in undisturbed sites, it was higher in Zone IV (22.3 μmol L−1) than Zone II (17.6 μmol L−1). Among the 53 locations, 36, 51 and 33 locations acted as a sink (negative value of exchanges) for CH4, N2O and CO2, respectively. The higher sink potential for CH4 was recorded to those estuaries adjacent to undisturbed mangroves (−791.69 μmol m−2 d−1) than the degraded ones (−23.18 μmol m−2 d−1). Similarly, the average air-water N2O and CO2 exchanges were more negative in the estuaries which were nearer to undisturbed mangroves indicating higher sink potential. The pH, and salinity of the estuary water were negatively correlated with air-water CH4 and N2O exchanges, whereas those were positively correlated with CO2 exchanges. Significantly lower dissolved GHGs and air-water GHGs exchange was observed in the estuaries adjacent to the undisturbed mangrove as compared to the degraded mangrove. The reason behind higher sink behaviours of estuaries nearer to undisturbed mangroves are higher intrusion of seawater, less nutrient availability, higher salinity, low carbon contents and alkaline pH compared to estuaries adjacent to degraded mangroves and far from sea.Not Availabl
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No full textIn BriefPhosphorus plays key roles in photosynthesis, respiration, development, reproduction, and the biosynthesis of membranes and nucleic acids (Lambers 2022). Modern agriculture is highly dependent on inorganic phosphorus (Pi). Soil Pi deficiency induces a series of physiological changes and can affect plant architecture, including plant height. However, the molecular mechanism governing Pi-regulated plant height remains largely unknown. Taller rice plants tend to fall over in strong winds and heavy rains, a phenomenon known as lodging. Amid climate change and more extreme weather events, such as cyclones, typhoons, and heavy rains, crop lodging often leads to yield loss. Plant height is intricately linked with resistance to lodging and yield. During the Green Revolution, the improvement in yield for rice and wheat was attributed to changes in plant architecture, specifically a reduction in plant height linked to lodging resistance. Although semi-dwarf rice varieties have played a significant role in feeding the world over the last 50 years, shallow lowland and semi-deep ecologies demand rice varieties with tall heights and lodging resistance.Not Availabl
