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No full textChapter 4 of Training manual “Current trends in food processing technology”Not AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableTargeted surveillance was conducted in 37 Penaeus vannamei farms in Tamil Nadu, India
to find out the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) infections. Special emphasis was
given to screen the isolates for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Bacteria
were isolated from haemolymph, stomach and hepatopancreas. Initial identifications
were carried out using the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics.
Vp isolates were further confirmed by a newly developed multiplex PCR targeting Vp specific
toxR and tlh genes. PCR screening was carried out for AHPND causing AP1, AP2, AP3
(pirAvp, Photorhabdus insect-related binary toxin gene) and AP4 (pirAvp and pirBvp) genes.
In addition, PCR was also performed for human pathogenic tdh and trh genes. The PCR
results revealed that there were 26 (35.14%) isolates affirmative for Vp specific toxR and tlh
genes and negative for AP1, AP2, AP3 and AP4 genes indicating that there was no AHPND
causing Vp strain among the isolates. The isolates were also negative for anthropozoonotic
tdh and trh genes. The multiplex PCR developed targeting Vp specific toxR and tlh genes
would be a useful technique for easy identification of Vp strains from shrimp farms.TANUVA
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No full textNot AvailableLong-term acclimation temperature effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress, metabolic stress, expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps), and warm-temperature acclimation related 65-kDa protein (Wap65) were evaluated in the threatened chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis). Fifteen-day-old larvae were acclimated to different water temperatures (15, 19, 23-control group, 27, and 31 °C) for 60 days prior to the sampling for quantification of mRNA, enzyme, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Acclimation to 31 °C increased the basal mRNA level of glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 (GSTa1), and activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and GST enzymes and but downregulated the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in the whole-body homogenate. Other antioxidant genes, i.e., CAT and GPx1a, were unaffected at 31 °C, and nitric oxide (NO) concentration was significantly lower. In contrast, fish acclimated to 15 °C showed an upregulated transcript level of all the antioxidant genes and no significant difference in the CAT, GR, and GST enzymes. Activities of the metabolic enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), were significantly lower at 15 °C. The expression of Hsp47 was upregulated at both 15 and 31 °C groups, whereas Hsp70 was elevated at 27 and 31 °C groups. Wap65-1 transcription did not show significant variation in treatment groups compared to control. Fish in the high (31 °C) and low-temperature (15 °C) acclimation groups were capable of maintaining oxidative stress by modulating their antioxidant transcripts, enzymes, and Hsps.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableClosing the complex life cycle of closed thelycum shrimp in captivity is one of the fundamental challenges in breeding programs. In the present study, we investigated the sexual maturity, broodstock development, and spawning performance of two generations of captive-reared Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus, over 36 months originated from a single stock of wild brooders. The post larvae (GN-1) produced from wild P. indicus (G0) and P.L. (GN-2) produced from captive-reared (GN-1) broodstocks were nursery (1000 PL m-3) and grow-out (12 shrimp m-2) reared, and subsequently raised in broodstock ponds (1 shrimp m-2). The annual salinity and photoperiod in broodstock ponds varied between 20 to 36 ppt, and 11.2 -12.5 L and 11.5-12.8 D hours, respectively. The light intensity varied between 91 ± 6 lux at dusk to 75,358 ± 1719 lux at noon. The size at first impregnation or mating was 16.45 ± 1.7 g (132 DOC) and 17.62 ± 1.9 g (90 DOC), respectively, in GN-1 and GN-2 females. By 220 DOC, 25% of the GN-1 females initiated gonad development, whereas 55% of the GN-2 females recorded developing ovaries or were in stage II at 150 DOC. The broodstock attained an average final body weight of 38.85 ± 1.5 g (GN-1) and 42.65 ± 1.8 g (GN-2) by 360 DOC. The highest (p<0.01) eggs per gram body weight (5137 ± 303 eggs g-1) and hatchability, H (83 ± 0.7%), was recorded in wild broodstocks (G0) followed by GN-2 (1,715 ± 162 eggs g-1; H: 69 ± 2%) and GN-1 (1,476 ± 151 eggs g-1; H: 75 ± 1%). However, captive-reared broodstock had better survival (89-92%) than wild broodstocks (71 ± 0.8%). Further, indoor maturation trial (21 days) using ablated broodstocks (GN-1) revealed 79% of the impregnated broodstocks undergo molting, resulting in the loss of sperm pack and subsequent reduction in mating efficacy to 29%. The average sperm count and percentage of normal sperm also recorded (p<0.05) reduction during the maturation cycle. The data generated in the present investigation can form the baseline information for developing the breeding strategy for the genetic improvement of Indian white shrimp in India.Not Availabl
Combining Ability Analysis for Grain Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Maize
No full textNot AvailablePoor germination in fodder crops is one of the major reasons responsible for lower than potential
green forage yield of cereals. Invigoration treatments aids to promote and accelerate germination,
increase the vigour of seedlings, and improve stand establishment in field, vegetable, and
horticultural crops. Therefore, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different seed
invigoration treatments on seed quality parameters viz., germination, field emergence, speed of
germination, seedling length, dry weight and seedling vigour in fodder maize (Zea mays L.). The
experiment was laid out in factorial completely randomized design with two factors i.e., months and
treatments having 5 different seed priming treatment combinations i.e.,
- Priming with water for
12 hrs.,
- Priming with NaCl @ 4 g / litre of water for 8 hours.,
- Priming with Poly Ethylene
Glycol solution @ 10g / litre of water for 8 hours., – Priming with GA3 @ 0.2 g / litre of water for 8
hours and
- Control (unprimed seeds) and the treatments were replicated four times during Rabi,
2022-23 at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Research and Technology
Centre, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The results
obtained from this study indicate that hormonal priming with GA3 can be successfully employed to
improve germination, field emergence, seedling length, dry weight, and seedling vigour in fodder
maize (Zea mays L.). At the end of the study, it was observed that hormonal priming with GA3 had
a significantly positive influence on mean germination per cent (90%), field emergence (87%),
speed of germination (20.221%), seedling length (34.17 cm), dry weight (0.792 g), seedling vigour
index-I (3082.05) and seedling vigour index-II (71.42) over the control.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIn this study extensive evaluation of Avidin-Biotin recombinant nucleoprotein competitive ELISA (ABrC-ELISA) was carried out by mass screening of a large number of sera to make use of this assay for serosurveillance and seromonitoring of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in sheep and goats to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy value and strengthen findings associated with the assay. The recombinant PPR virus (PPRV) nucleoprotein was over-expressed in E. coli, Ni-NTA affinity-purified, and characterized and used as coating diagnostic antigen in ABrC-ELISA, and evaluated using the field sera from animals. On evaluation of the diagnostic performance or efficacy of this assay using the pre-vaccinated and post-vaccinated sera of sheep and goats (n = 1437), the ABrC-ELISA showed a relative diagnostic sensitivity of 87.2% (95% CI: 84.1-90%) and diagnostic specificity of 92.0% (95% CI: 90-93.7%), against well-established existing indigenous H protein-specific PPR competitive ELISA kit with an accuracy of 90.1% (95% CI: 88.5-91.7%) and good or substantial agreement of Cohen's Kappa value of 0.79 ± 0.017 SE (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.82). These findings suggest that the ABrC-ELISA is a potential additional diagnostic tool of a rapid, sensitive, and specific assay for the detection of the PPRV nucleoprotein antibodies in sera of sheep and goats. This PPR Ab Chek kit can be used extensively under field conditions for serosurveillance, and seromonitoring of PPR in sheep and goats at the eradication /post-eradication phase in disease-controlled countries or PPR non-enzootic countries.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe clinical manifestation of leptospirosis is often misdiagnosed as other febrile illnesses such as dengue. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a precise diagnostic tool at the field level to detect the pathogenic Leptospira lipL32 gene at the molecular level for prompt therapeutic decisions. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is widely used as the primary diagnostic tool, but its applicability is limited by high equipment cost and the lack of availability in every hospital, especially in rural areas where leptospirosis mainly occurs. Here, we report the development of a CRISPR dFnCas9-based quantitative lateral flow immunoassay to detect the lipL32 gene. The developed assay showed superior performance regarding the lowest detectable limit of 1 fg/mL. The test is highly sensitive and selective, showing that leptospirosis diagnosis can be achieved with a low-cost lateral flow device.Not Availabl