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No full textNot AvailableBombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) is one of the most abundant and preferable marine species in the Maharashtra and Gujrat regions. While Bombay duck is mostly consumed in dried form, the major problems associated with traditionally sun-dried Bombay duck are contamination by insects or pests; uneven drying which leads to spoilage; and poor quality of the end product. Chitosan and its derivatives are used as an edible coating in food applications due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial actions. In the present work, the effect of chitosan coating and drying on the quality of Bombay duck was studied. Five different samples were prepared as follows: (i) control (without any treatment); (ii) diptreated in 1% acetic acid (AA); (iii) dip-treated in 0.5% chitosan dissolved in 1% acetic acid (CAA); (iv) dip-treated in 1% malic acid (MA); and (v) dip-treated in 0.5% chitosan dissolved in 1% malic acid (CMA). All samples were dried at 50°C. When biochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were assessed for four months, results indicated the sample coated with chitosan pre-dissolved in either acetic acid or malic acid had lower TVB-N (86.5 - 115.25 mg/100 g) and TPC (5.3 - 5.5 log10 CFU/g) than the control (TVB = 163 mg/100 g; TPC = 7.4 log10 CFU/g); a similar trend was also observed for TBA values. Even though the microbial analysis revealed that TPC crossed the limit of acceptability (5.2 log10 CFU/g) by the second month in the control, AA, CAA, MA, and CMA levels were acceptable up to three months. Sensory analysis showed that the overall acceptability score was higher for sample coated with chitosan. These results suggested that chitosan coating and drying could improve the quality of dried Bombay duck.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableBackground: A doubly nested partially balanced incomplete block (DNPBIB) design is defined as an arrangement of v treatments each replicated r times in three systems of blocks if, each block of the first system contains m1 blocks of second system and each block of the second system contains m2 blocks of the third system. Each stage of DNPBIB design, treated independently, is a PBIB design.
Methods: Three component designs viz., (i) ignoring the first and second system of blocks, a PBIB design with b3 blocks each of size k3 (< v) units with, λ3i concurrences of any pair of treatments which are ith associates of each other, (ii) ignoring first and third system of blocks, another PBIB design with b2 blocks each of size k2(< v) units with λ3i concurrence of two treatments which are ith associates of each other and (iii) ignoring the second and third system of blocks, a third PBIB design with b1 block each of size k1 (< v) units with, λ1i concurrences of two treatments within first associate of each other, are obtained.
Result: This study provides two new general methods of constructing DNPBIB designs, where the component designs are PBIB designs with two or three associate classes. Group divisible and rectangular association schemes have been used for developing such designs. Methods are illustrated with appropriate examples.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableResearchers and consumers are highly interested in wild edible fruits around the world. Prunus jenkinsii grows in the wild and produces edible fruits, substantially contributing to the health, food, and livelihood of the people living in the eastern Himalayas, India. Although this species is extremely valuable, research on it is negligible. In this study, we investigated the changes in biochemical and functional properties at four different stages of fruit growth, including the immature, mature, ripe, and over-ripe stages, and determined the best stages for harvesting. Our findings showed that the fruit at the ripe stage had the highest fruit weight (6.57 ± 0.04 g), pulp content (43.33 ± 1.34%), total soluble solids (15.04 ± 1.14 °Brix), carbohydrate content (34.74 ± 0.08 mg glucose/g fw), phenols (552.41 ± 11.63 mg GAE/100 g fw), flavonoids (153.81 ± 3.44 mg QE/100 g fw), anthocyanins (313.03 ± 11.79 mg cyd-3-glu eq./100 g fw), and FRAP value (1374.54 ± 92.47 mM FeSO4 eq./100 g fw). These characteristics and their corresponding values increased from the immature stage to the ripe stage; then, they decreased in the over-ripe stage. The number of fruits, firmness, acidity, and ascorbic acid content decreased after ripening. The a* value of the peel changed abruptly from green colour (a*, − 9.44 ± 0.59) at the immature stage to red at the mature stage (a*, 3.13 ± 1.03), and then, to reddish-purple (a*, 5.36 ± 0.76 and b* value, − 1.82 ± 0.30) at the ripe stage and dark purple at the over-ripe stage. Therefore, the stages of fruit maturity strongly influenced the biochemical and antioxidant properties of the fruits and also indicated the ideal harvesting period for obtaining fruits of optimum quality.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis ICAR NIVEDI newsletter for the period July to December 2023 described the research achievement, scientific activities, important events, capacity building, awards and recognition, distinguished visitors during this period.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableLarge cardamom chirke virus (LCCV) causing chirke disease of large cardamom is a major production constraint of this crop. Rapid and accurate detection of LCCV is important for managing the disease. In the present study an isothermal assay namely, reverse transcriptase-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) was developed for the detection of LCCV. Total RNA isolated by two different methods and crude extracts isolated using five different methods as templates
were assessed for their ability to detect LCCV. Of these, only the total RNA isolated by both methods gave consistent and repeatable results while all the crude extracts used as templates gave non-specific amplification. RT-RPA was up to 1000 times more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR for the detection of LCCV. The detection limit of RPA was 10 fg when recombinant plasmid was used as the template. The RT-RPA assay was validated using field samples and found suitable for large-scale screening of large cardamom plants against LCCV for the selection of virus-free plants.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableDairy farming has great potential in enhancing income, employment, nutrition security and livelihood of people in eastern India. Feeding of dairy animals with green fodders plays important role in economical dairy farming. India is bestowed with highest cattle population in the world but the productivity per animal is very low. Unavailability of quality feeds and fodders in their ration is the major reason. As the cost of components of concentrate feed are very high, green fodders are used to the maximum level in the ration to fulfil the nutrient requirements of dairy animals and to reduce cost of feeding. Inclusion of quality green fodders from both cereal and legume source not only reduce the cost of feeding but also increase the availability of nutrients which help in reproduction and milk production. Due to the shortage of land for sole fodder production for dairy animals in the eastern India, either intercropping method or mixed cropping method or marshy/low land may be used for fodder production. Hay and silage feeding are also the alternatives of dairy animal feed resources. Keeping the above things in mind, fodder calendar for year-round fodder production (YRFP) may be prepared to make availability of green fodders for dairy animals.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableDue to the increasing complexity of agricultural challenges faced by Indian farmers, there is a critical need for datadriven
insights to tailor extension services, enhance productivity, and ensure sustainable farming practices. In this
scenario, understanding farmers' information demands can signicantly improve support mechanisms and policy
interventions. With this aim in focus, the present study leverages the Kisan Call Center (KCC) dataset to analyze the
information demands of Indian farmers regarding three key edible oil crops: groundnut, mustard, and soybean. By
examining the queries received from farmers, the research identies signicant patterns and trends in agricultural
challenges and practices across different states and over multiple years. The study categorises these queries into types
such as agronomic practices, pest management, market information and more. Key ndings reveal notable geographical
variations in query volumes, underscoring the need for localized agricultural extension services. Based on these insights,
the study proposes actionable policy recommendations to enhance plant protection services, improve weather
forecasting and advisory services, promote advanced crop varieties, and disseminate market information more
effectively. These recommendations aim to address the specic needs of farmers, thereby supporting informed decisionmaking,
boosting productivity, and enhancing livelihoods. Future research is recommended to monitor the evolving
information demands of farmers and to rene extension services accordingly.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableAims
This study investigated the tetracycline resistance potential of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from twenty-four freshwater fin-fish culture ponds in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Methods and results
A total of 261 tetracycline resistant bacteria (tetR) were recovered from pond water, pond sediment, fish gills, fish intestine, and fish feed. Bacteria with high tetracycline resistance (tetHR) (n = 30) that were resistant to tetracycline concentrations above 128 μg mL−1 were predominantly Lactococcus garvieae followed by Enterobacter spp., Lactococcus lactis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus arlettae, Streptococcus lutetiensis, Staphylococcus spp., Brevundimonas faecalis, Exiguobacterium profundum, Lysinibacillus spp., Stutzerimonas stutzeri, Enterobacter cloacae, and Lactococcus taiwanensis. Resistance to 1024 μg mL−1 of tetracycline was observed in L. garvieae, S. arlettae, Enterobacter spp., B. faecalis. Tet(A) (67%) was the predominant resistance gene in tetHR followed by tet(L), tet(S), tet(K), and tet(M). At similar concentrations of exposure, tetracycline procured at the farm level (69.5% potency) exhibited lower inhibition against tetHR bacteria compared to pure tetracycline (99% potency). The tetHR bacteria showed higher cross-resistance to furazolidone (100%) followed by co-trimoxazole (47.5%) and enrofloxacin (11%).
Conclusions
The maximum threshold of tetracycline resistance at 1024 μg mL−1 was observed in S. arlettae, Enterobacter spp., B. faecalis, and L. garvieae and tet(A) was the major determinant found in this study.Not Availabl