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No full textNot AvailableSelectivity characteristics of 35 mm diamond and square mesh cod-ends were
studied from commercial trawlers off Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh. The L25, L50 and L75 of
Johnius macrorhynus were 4.54, 7.04, 9.54 cm respectively for 35 mm diamond mesh
cod-end, and 4.83, 7.17, 9.50 for square mesh cod-end. The selection ranges were 5.0 and
4.67 for J. macrorhynus for diamond and square mesh cod-end respectively. Selection
factors for diamond and square were 2.01 and 2.04 respectively. The L25, L50, L75 values of
Photopectoralis bindus were 2.30, 5.63, 8.96 cm respectively for diamond mesh cod-end
and 3.85, 7.53, 11.21cm for square mesh cod-end. Selection ranges were 6.66 and 7.36 for
diamond and square mesh cod-end respectively. Selection factor and selection ratio were
1.60 and 1.90 for diamond and 2.15 and 2.10 for square mesh cod-ends respectively. Overall,
square mesh showed better selectivity over diamond mesh cod-end trawl net during the
investigation.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableEffect of beetroot extract in inhibition of melanosis formation and quality of white shrimp
Penaeus vannamei was evaluated in iced and room temperature storage. Shrimps were
treated with beetroot extract (BT) at 1 and 4% and compared with control and commercial
anti-melanosis agent, 1.25% sodium metabisulfite (SMS) and stored in ice. The effect
of BT4% treatment at room temperature was also evaluated. There was no significant
difference (p>0.05) in the melanosis score of SMS and BT4% till 7th day of iced storage
while BT1% was not effective in retarding the melanosis from 5th day of storage. In room
temperature storage, melanosis formation was similar both in the case of SMS and BT4%
till 6th hour of storage. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) value and aerobic plate count
(APC) of BT treated samples were significantly lower than control and SMS (p<0.05) in
both storage conditions and lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values
indicated the antioxidant activity of beetroot extract. BT4% treatment inhibited growth of
H2S producing organisms (1.3-2.1 log cycles) and Pseudomonas spp. (0.3-1 log cycles)
compared to control and SMS. BT4% treatment resulted in a storage life of 9 days in iced
condition and eight hours at room temperature. Beetroot extract treatment at 4% level was
found as effective as sodium metabisulfite in preventing melanosis till 7th day of iced storage
and 6th hour of room temperature storage.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableAbstract
Background
Emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance is one of the major risks associated with the rampant usage of antibiotics in food-producing animals including aquaculture.
Objective
To determine Epidemiological Cut-OFF (ECOFF) values of heterotrophic bacterial populations from shrimp culture environments against five different antibiotics
Methods
In this present study, bacterial samples were isolated from Penaeus vannamei culture environment in different locations of Andhra Pradesh, which is the aquaculture hub of India. The bacterial isolates were assessed for antibiotic resistance towards five antibiotics belonging to different classes (oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and co-trimoxazole) by the disc diffusion method. Determination of Epidemiological Cut-OFF (ECOFF) values and analysis by employing normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) was carried out.
Results
The most dominant bacterial populations from shrimp culture were Vibrio spp. (pathogenic bacteria) followed by Bacillus spp. (probiotic bacteria). The bacterial isolates showed highest resistance towards oxytetracycline (overall 23.38%) and in location L6 (59.4%) followed by co-trimoxazole (31.1%). ECOFF values calculated by employing NRI showed that the disc diffusion data were distributed in a normalized manner. The maximum ECOFF value was obtained for ciprofloxacin (23.32 mm), while the minimum value was observed for oxytetracycline (9.05 mm). The antibiotic resistant phenotypes showed that the majority of the heterotrophic bacterial isolates (>60%) belonged to the non-wild type phenotype and primarily towards oxytetracycline (90%).
Conclusion
The presence of non-wild antibiotic-resistant phenotypes of heterotrophic bacterial populations (which include not only pathogenic bacteria but also probiotic bacteria) indicates that shrimp culture ponds may be a reservoir for drug-resistant bacteria and there is a greater risk associated with transmission of resistant genes across bacterial flora.
Highlights
NRI analysis of antibiotic disc diffusion data of heterotrophic bacterial populations in shrimp aquaculture environments revealed that majority of them belonged to non-wild type (90%) paticularly to oxytetracycline in comparison to other studied antibiotics (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole).Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIn vitro studies were undertaken aiming to study the methane (CH4) mitigation potential of biowaste (BW) of Padina gymnospora at the graded inclusion of 0% (C), 2% (A2), 5% (A5), and 10% (A10) of the diet composed of straw and concentrate in 40:60 ratio. The chemical composition analysis revealed that the BW contained higher crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ether extract (EE) than the PF (fresh seaweed, P. gymnospora). The concentration of cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, kaempferol, fisetin p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, and luteolin in BW was 1.5–6-folds less than the PF. Inclusion of BW decreased (P < 0.0001) CH4 production by 34%, 38%, and 45% in A2, A5, and A10 treatments, respectively. A decrease (P < 0.0001) of 7.5%–8% in dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was also recorded with the BW supplementation. The BW inclusion also decreased the numbers of total (P = 0.007), Entodinomorphs (P = 0.011), and Holotrichs (P = 0.004) protozoa. Metagenome data revealed the dominance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fibrobacter microbial phyla. At the phylum level, Euryarchaeota dominated the archaeal community, whereas Methanobrevibacter was most abundant at the genus level. It can be concluded that the inclusion of BW in straw and concentrate based diet by affecting rumen fermentation, protozoal numbers, and compositional shift in the archaeal community significantly decreased CH4 production. Utilization of biowaste of P. gymnospora as a CH4 mitigating agent will ensure its efficient utilization rather than dumping, which shall cause environmental pollution and health hazards.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableConsidering the need for threshing, the current energy crisis, the power potential of solar energy, especially, many stand-alone solar installations in rural areas, and their use, a study was undertaken to develop and evaluate a solar-powered multi-crop thresher on soybean. The study was conducted in IARI- Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India aiming to assess the seasonal suitability of the solar operated thresher. The devolved prototype was evaluated on soybean crop and the operational and machine parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), with central composite design (CCD). Four independent parameters, each at three levels, were taken viz, feed rate, cylinder speed, concave clearance, and spike types to evaluate their effects on three response variables, namely, threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and energy
consumption. The response variables ranged from 96.3% to 99.9%, 86.68% to 93.05%, and 1.12 kWh q-1
to 1.74 kWh q-1, respectively, for threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and energy consumption. The cylinder speed significantly affected all response variables. The optimization showed that the best operational and machine settings were 13.62 m s-1 cylinder peripheral speed, 4.3 kg min-1 , feed rate, 20 mm concave clearance, and spike type 3 giving the desirability of 0.799 and the threshing of 116.64 kg hr-1 capacity. However, the season-based optimization with lower feed rates was found advantageous to increase the duration of up to 5 hours of thresher operation in thresher direct coupling mode. Hence it is recommended to adopt the lower feed rate in seasons with reduced insolationNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis technical bulletin forewarns the occurrence of the livestock diseases outbreaks two months in advance so that the State Animal Husbandry Departments can take necessary prevention measures.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableInfluence of Growing Region on Targeted Anthocyanin Profile, Color, Phenolics, and Antioxidant
Activity of Grape Juice cv. Manjari Medika (MM) were examined. The prevailing environmental
conditions affect chemical composition or metabolites of grapes. The MM grape berries were
harvested from three environmentally different locations in India i.e. Pune (MMJP), Vijayapura
(MMJV), and Nashik (MMJN). MMJV, grown in region with high average temperatures and low
rainfall showed higher levels of (393.65 ± 8.18 g/L) reducing sugar with lower levels of color intensity (49.69±0.55%), juice recovery (68.70±0.54%), and acidity (6.98±0.04 g/L) followed by
flavonoids (0.023 g/L) than the regions with relatively low temperatures and high rainfall ((MMJP)
and (MMJN)). In UHPLC-Oribitrap MS analysis, a total of 11 anthocyanins, which includes
delphinidin-3-galactoside (Dp3Ga), cyanidin (Cy), peonidin-glucoside-4-Vinylphenol (Pn3Glu4VP),
petunidin-3-glucoside (Pt3Glu), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv3Glu), pelargonidin (Pg), petunidin-3-acetyl
glucoside (Pt3ace), peonidin-3-acetyl glucoside (Pn3ace), malvidin-3-acetyl glucoside (Mv3ace),
delphinidin (Dp) and petunidin (Pt) were detected in grape juice samples. MMJV. It is interesting to
note that among the 11 anthocyanins detected, two compounds, petunidin-3-acetyl glucoside
(Pt3ace) and peonidin-3-acetyl glucoside (Pn3ace), have been reported only in specific grape juice
samples, i.e., Pt3ace in MMJV and Pn3ace in MMJN. Discriminatory compounds among the regions
were petunidin-3-acetyl glucoside (Pt3ace), peonidin-3-acetyl glucoside (Pn3ace), and cyanidin
(Cy) according to principal component analysis (PCA). UHPLC-MS results showed that the total
anthocyanin content of the fresh juice in the cultivar tended to increase with altitude from sea level.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe influence of rootstocks on yield, grape composition, wine quality and sensory evaluation of Sauvignon
Blanc was examined during 2022-23 at ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India. Seven
rootstocks (Dogridge, Salt Creek, Fercal, 110R, 140Ru, SO4
and 1103P) were used for study. Among the
rootstocks, yield/vine (7.70 kg), average bunch weight (205.33g), no. of berries/bunch (130.00), 100-berry
weight (130.67 g) was significantly higher in Dogridge grafted vine. TSS (24.93 oBrix) was higher in berries of
Dogridge grafted vines; acidity (0.99%), phenol (0.740 mg/g) and tannins (0.467 mg/g) was higher in 140 Ru
rootstock; carbohydrates (35.41 mg/g) in Fercal rootstock; reducing sugars was higher in 110R rootstock
(23.45 mg/g). While, higher juice recovery was recorded in 1103P rootstock (63.59%). Wine composition like
glucose (2.69 g/l), mallic acid (3.2 g/l), total acids (7.3 g/l) was higher in 110R rootstock; volatile acids (0.52
g/l) in 1103P rootstock and phenol content in Salt Creek rootstock (0.79 mg/g). While, colour intensity
(0.034) and proline content (11.871 u.mole/g) found higher with SO4
rootstock. The overall acceptability of
wine found better for Sauvignon Blanc vines grafted on 110R rootstock.Not Availabl