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Growth kinetics and structure of a colloidal silica-based network: in situ RheoSAXS investigations
Full text linkSilica gels have a multitude of applications ranging from cosmetics and food science to oil and gas recovery. For proper design and application, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gel formation under different circumstances. The growth and structure of colloidal silica gels has been investigated using RheoSAXS to study the effect of silica concentration, NaCl concentration, temperature and shear rate. Additionally, SAXS in combination with a strong magnetic field has been applied to investigate the effect of magnetic microparticles and magnetic field on the development of the gel structure. Results indicate that the strongest effect on the gel kinetics are achieved by altering the activator concentration, here in the form of NaCl, followed by silica concentration and temperature. Small structural effects were also observed, with larger cluster sizes being produced at lower silica concentration and at higher NaCl concentration. Applying shear caused major changes both in structure as well as the macroscopic behavior of the silica, preventing the gel from reaching an arrested state, instead forming a viscous liquid. Applying a magnetic field appears to suppress the formation of larger clusters. The same effect is observed for increasing magnetic microparticle concentrations.publishedVersio
Low Energy Demand Scenarios for OECD Countries: Fairness, Feasibility and Potential Impacts on SDGs
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Analyst behaviour and team processes during hazard analysis: The development of an observation protocol and initial results from evaluating HAZOP sessions
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Dissolved Organic Matter Behaviour by Conventional Treatments of a Drinking Water Plant: Controlling Its Changes with EEM-PARAFAC
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Fluorene- and fluorenone-based molecules as electron-transporting SAMs for photovoltaic devices
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Unraveling the (De)sodiation Mechanisms of BiFeO<inf>3</inf> at a High Rate with Operando XRD
No full textDevelopment of new anode materials for Na-ion batteries strongly depends on a detailed understanding of their cycling mechanism. Due to instrumental limitations, the majority of mechanistic studies focus on operando materials’ characterization at low cycling rates. In this work, we evaluate and compare the (de)sodiation mechanisms of BiFeO3 in Na-ion batteries at different current densities using operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). BiFeO3 is a conversion-alloying anode material with a high initial sodiation capacity of ∼600 mAh g–1, when cycled at 0.1 A g–1. It does not change its performance or cycling mechanism, except for minor losses in capacity, when the current density is increased to 1 A g–1. In addition, operando XRD characterization carried out over multiple cycles shows that the Bi ⇋ NaBi (de)alloying reaction and the oxidation of Bi at the interface with the Na–Fe–O matrix are detrimental for cycling stability. The isolated NaBi ⇋ Na3Bi reaction is less damaging to the cycling stability of the material.Unraveling the (De)sodiation Mechanisms of BiFeO3 at a High Rate with Operando XRDpublishedVersio
