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Transformer-based active learning for multi-class text annotation and classification
No full textObjective
Data-driven methodologies in healthcare necessitate labeled data for effective decision-making. However, medical data, particularly in unstructured formats, such as clinical notes, often lack explicit labels, making manual annotation challenging and tedious.
Methods
This paper introduces a novel deep active learning framework designed to facilitate the annotation process for multiclass text classification, specifically using the SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) framework, a widely recognized medical protocol. Our methodology leverages transformer-based deep learning techniques to automatically annotate clinical notes, significantly easing the manual labor involved and enhancing classification performance. Transformer-based deep learning models, with their ability to capture complex patterns in large datasets, represent a cutting-edge approach for advancing natural language processing tasks.
Results
We validate our approach through experiments on a diverse set of clinical notes from publicly available datasets, comprising over 426 documents. Our model demonstrates superior classification accuracy, with an F1 score improvement of 4.8% over existing methods but also provides a practical tool for healthcare professionals, potentially improving clinical documentation practices and patient care.
Conclusions
The research underscores the synergy between active learning and advanced deep learning, paving the way for future exploration of automatic text annotation and its implications for clinical informatics. Future studies will aim to integrate multimodal data and large language models to enhance the richness and accuracy of clinical text analysis, opening new pathways for comprehensive healthcare insights
Barriers and facilitators to increasing physical activity in medium secure mental health settings: An exploration of staff perceptions
No full textPurpose
The benefits of physical activity for people with severe mental illness (SMI) is widely recognised but for those in medium secure settings there are additional environmental barriers to being active that have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators from the perspective of staff within the medium secure setting.
Method
Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with qualified and unqualified staff (n = 24) across two UK medium secure NHS settings. Michie's COM-B framework was used to inform the topic guide and the analysis of the data.
Results
The opportunities to be active in medium secure settings depend not only on access to facilities but also staff availability and willingness to support such activities. When an individualised approach is taken, and staff are skilled and motivated to support such activities then it is possible for people with SMI in medium secure settings to be physically active.
Conclusion
People with SMI in secure settings have reduced autonomy to increase their own physical activities but it was suggested that with the appropriate opportunities and the motivation of staff their capability to be active could be enhanced
From regrets to returns: how interaction quality and store image shape store revisit intentions
No full textPurpose
Given the lack of understanding surrounding search regret, this study aims to draw on the regret regulatory theory to investigate the outcomes of search regret and effective strategies to reduce its adverse effects.
Design/methodology/approach
Using time-lagged data from 331 salespeople-customers dyads, this study investigates the connection between search regret, store image, interaction quality, and store revisit intentions.
Findings
Customers develop negative perceptions of the store, subsequently reducing their intentions to revisit. Salespeople’s interaction quality can reduce the negative impact of search regret on store image and revisit intentions. Furthermore, store image serves as a mediator between search regret and revisit intentions.
Originality/value
This study marks the first attempt to investigate the store image and revisit intentions as outcomes of search regret and examines the moderating role of salespeople’s interaction quality in reducing the negative consequences of search regret
Deploying Bottleneck Management Strategies for Ameliorating Critical Delays in Building Construction Projects: A Case for Developing Country of Iran
No full textOne of the primary concerns and challenges encountered in the construction industry is the emergence of crucial factors instigating project delays throughout the construction project lifecycle (CPL). The critical delay factors (CDFs) are the significant factors that not only cause project delays but also create obstacles and bottlenecks for the projects. Hence, the current study aims to determine CDFs affecting project completions and ameliorates the adverse situation by developing relevant bottleneck management strategies. To achieve this goal, a desktop review of previous research studies was undertaken to identify the CDFs in the CPL. The brainstorming technique was further utilized to filter the identified CDFs and match them to the context of developing countries, using Iran as a case example. Finally, an empirical questionnaire was created that included 22 CDFs divided into three distinct groups. The questionnaire’s validity and reliability were checked and validated before massive distribution to target respondents. Sixty industry experts appraised the identified CDFs in the CPL based on two assessment criteria: the severity of impact and probability of occurrence. The findings revealed that the groups with the most significant level of impact (out of 5 points) are project planning and design (2.29), construction and delivery (1.99), and policymaking and legislation (1.72). Similarly, the groups of project planning and design (2.30), construction and delivery (2.20), and policymaking and legislation (1.5) were ranked from first to third based on the probability of occurrence. According to the survey findings, the project planning and design stage is the most optimal time to mitigate the impact of project delays. Moreover, the study posited some pragmatic recommendations as bottleneck management strategies for ameliorating the identified CDFs for future projects. The study deliverables can serve as an effective tool for project stakeholders and decision makers to diminish the impact on and penetration of CDFs into building construction projects and enhance the delivery path leading to project success
Building a safer future: Analysis of studies on safety I and safety II in the construction industry
No full textPurpose
The construction industry is one of the most dangerous, with daily dangers and hazards. The industry commonly employs Safety I, a reactive approach to reduce accidents and incidents by identifying and controlling hazards. Safety II focuses on using worker strengths and promoting ongoing improvement. Nevertheless, both Safety I and II have faced criticism for their excessive emphasis on regulatory compliance (Safety I) and executive constraints (Safety II), respectively. Hence, this paper presents a rich synthesis of Safety I and II literature in the construction industry between January 2000 and December 2023 prior to proposing strategies for integrating them to build a safer future by focusing on the strengths of implementing each technique.
Methodology
In this scientometric research study, 35 related research papers were sought and selected after checking and validating the Web of Science journal database. Bibliometric analysis, through HistCite and VOSviewer software programmes, was then used to create maps from network data and illustrate an exploration of the prevailing literature discourse. Interpretivism was then used to develop application and combination strategies for the new theory of integrating Safety I and II in the construction industry.
Findings
Results reveal that the historical progression of research undertaken has developed from first introducing and identifying the field of research (2011 to 2015) to then providing solutions (2015 to 2019) and finally to making constructive suggestions (post 2019) for a safer future. Notably, prominent topics in recent years have examined resilience and progress toward safety improvements by the combination of Safety I and II concepts.
Originality
This research highlights the positive outcomes that can be achieved via Safety I and II integration in the construction industry. Furthermore, this paper offers efficient and pragmatic techniques for incorporating Safety I and II approaches in the construction industry, which are crucial for promoting a comprehensive integrated approach to safety administration. By combining existing safety practices with a focus on learning from successes, organisations can create a safer work environment, improve productivity and foster continuous improvement
Career trajectories, transition rates, and birthdate distributions: the rocky road from youth to senior level in men's European football
No full textThis study aimed to assess youth-to-senior transition rates, quantify the magnitude of relative age effect (RAEs), and evaluate how RAEs affect these transitions in 9,527 men's national football players of England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Regardless of national team, only −15%, 25%, and 40% of U17, U19, and U21 players successfully transitioned to the senior team, respectively, whilst −14%–24% progressed to senior level without being selected during youth. Data suggested a skewed birthdate distribution favouring relatively older players at U17, U19, and U21 levels across all countries, whereas RAEs were also present in England, Italy, and Spain at senior level. Youth-to-senior transition rates were modulated by birthdate at U17 and U19, whereby Q4 players were −2 and 1.5 times more likely to successfully transition at senior level than Q1 players, respectively. Selection at youth international level does not guarantee selection at senior level, but does make it more likely. Moreover, relatively younger athletes are disadvantaged in youth categories, although are more likely to transition to senior level once they have entered the pathway
Structural integrity assessment of pipe elbows: Burst test and finite element analysis
No full textIn this study, the failure pressures of pipe elbows were compared with those predicted using Level 3 numerical assessment method (Finite Element Method). Four 90-degree pipes elbows representing a pristine pipe, a pipe with a single corrosion defect, a pipe with longitudinally aligned interacting defects, and a pipe with a circumferentially aligned interacting defects, were subjected to internal pressure based on the ASME B31.3–2012 Burst Test standard until failure. The Sch-80 pipes were made of ASTM A234 WPB steel with a wall thickness and bending radius of 12.7 mm and 305 mm respectively. The corrosion defects were simulated on the exterior surface of the pipe elbows using computer numerical control (CNC) machine to generate a machined version of the corrosion defect. The results revealed that corrosion defects significantly reduce the burst pressure of pipe elbows, with longitudinally aligned interacting defects causing the largest reduction of 20.9 % compared to pristine pipe. The comparison between the Level 3 numerical assessment method and burst test showed close agreement with a maximum difference of 4.79 %, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the numerical method
Sustainable development and enterprise: do foreign investors care
No full textDo foreign investors care about promoting sustainable entrepreneurship and development? We find little evidence indicating that they do care. Our findings suggest foreign investors prefer nations with less punitive carbon emission regimes. Another worrying trend is a negative relationship between educational parity and foreign investment inflows. This counterintuitive relationship shows that foreign investors care more about cost-benefit considerations than their moral duty of investing in greener industries and sectors. Using panel data from five countries for a sample period of 19 years, we find that the higher costs of meeting sustainability goals act as a detriment to foreign investors. This shows that governments must take the initiative and pay the upfront costs to develop the infrastructure for sustainable entrepreneurial activities
Generative AI, why, how, and outcomes: A user perspective
No full textDrawing on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) and Task-Technology Fit (TTF) theory, we developed a unique research model to explore the factors affecting ChatGPT use and the main activities individuals do while using ChatGPT, and determine whether they continue using ChatGPT and recommend it to others. The moderating role of curiosity in the relationships between various influencing factors and ChatGPT use was also examined. We conducted a quantitative research with the data collected from 671 users in Vietnam. The results indicated that (1) the majority of the dimensions of UTAUT2 and TTF affect ChatGPT use. However, interestingly, contrary to our expectation, effort expectancy, social influence, and trust have no effect on ChatGPT use, (2) ChatGPT use directly influences intention to continue using ChatGPT and word-of-mouth (WOM), (3) intention to continue using ChatGPT has a significant effect on WOM, and (4) curiosity acts as a moderator on only three paths from hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, and performance expectancy to ChatGPT use. The originality of this study lies in (1) a unique research model by combining the UTAUT 2 and the TTF inclusive of trust and curiosity, and (2) enriching understanding of the users’ behavioral process in technology adoption by examining a comprehensive process, namely actual usage–continuance intention to use–recommending. Practical implications for ChatGPT providers, policymakers, and business marketers are also discusse
Cybersecurity Challenges and Implications for the Adoption of Cloud Computing and IoT: DDoS Attacks as an Example
No full textCloud computing and Internet of Things have expanded rapidly and dramatically all over the world. Cloud computing has emerged as a new paradigm for enabling broad access to distributed shared IT resources. Although, sharing IT resources is an essential cloud computing characteristic, it has brought many security challenges for both users and service providers. Security is one of the main issues why many users and enterprises are reluctant to migrate to cloud computing. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are one of such critical threats which are growing in the cloud space. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of potential cloud computing security threats caused by DDoS attacks.
Additionally, we discuss DDoS risks to cloud computing caused by Internet of Things devices, highlight the reasons behind these threats and analyse why this is overlooked by common security standards and frameworks. We also review cloud architectures and introduce a number of scenarios to enable researchers to better understand and mitigate DDoS attacks on enterprises. Finally, some further research directions addressing current security issues in cloud computing are outlined