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Sustainable fuel aviation infrastructure and transition: hybrid agent-based modeling and system dynamics
No full textThe adoption of sustainable fuels in aviation, such as Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), hydrogen (LH2), and ammonia (NH3), is a significant step toward achieving green and sustainable air transport. However, transitioning the aviation industry to sustainability is a complex process that requires an integrated transformation of both technological and social systems. With multiple potential fuel alternatives, it is important to identify the most viable fuel pathways. This paper presents the concept of a hybrid, Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) and modular System Dynamics (SD) model, developed as a computational framework to analyze the interactions among technology, industry, markets, and society. A hybrid ABM and SD approach is an ideal choice for analyzing the transition of the ATS to sustainable fuels because of the complexity of the problem, which involves various entities with distinct behaviors and decision-making processes. The modular SD model consists of multiple stock and flow modules of passenger demand, aircraft orders, fleet development, fuel demand, sustainable fuel production, and infrastructure, providing a holistic but detailed, granular analysis of interactions and impacts within the system. The ABM approach facilitates the integration of SD modules by incorporating agents such as airlines, fuel suppliers, airports, aircraft manufacturers, and fuel producers, each with their unique behaviors. The proposed model serves as a reference framework for simulation and analysis, supporting future research on aviation sustainability and providing a decision support tool for understanding the long-term feasibility of different sustainable aviation fuels
Optimal Overcurrent Relay Solutions for Protection Coordination Using Metaheuristics Approaches with Penalty Function Method
No full textThis paper presents the development of overcurrent relay coordination (OCRC) problem formulation by implementing five well known metaheuristic algorithms that are Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), Moth Flame Optimizer (MFO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Particles Swarm Optimizer (PSO) and Barnacles Matting Optimizer (BMO). The algorithms are assisted with penalty function method during the selection of new agents/ offsprings to confirm the generations that violated the constraints are superseded during the next generation selection. The OCRC is established by manipulating the current known as plus setting (PS) and time delay known as time multiplier setting (TMS) parameters. The optimized value of the TMS and PS will be selected using the algorithms to ensure the minimize result of the objective function. The algorithms are tested to three test systems which are IEEE 3 bus, 8 bus and 15 bus system to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed algorithms. The obtained results from those five algorithms are then compared. The simulation results show that MFO, BMO and GWO perform better objective function result and efficiently optimize the TMS and PS value of the OCRC problem without neglecting the inequality constraints
Advancement of IoT-Based Smart Systems for Real-Time Sports Performance Analysis: Potential and Challenges
No full textInternet of Things (IoT) technology in the field of sports has brought about a significant transformation in the analysis of athletic performance, as it facilitates the seamless collection and processing of data in real time. Nevertheless, enduring obstacles encompass issues pertaining to data security, privacy, and the imperative for resilient real-time data processing capabilities. Mainly, data transfer rate is very important when it is related to real-time application. However the emergence of 5G, edge computing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence offers substantial prospects for augmenting the functionalities of these systems. This enhancement would result in more precise and prompt understandings of athletes’ performances, improvised training plan for specific objectives, and high potentially able to decrease risk of common injury. However, there are limitations even though these kinds of technologies have been implemented. On the other hand, cyber physical attacks threat is another aspect that must be taken into consideration in developing IoT devices. This article would also help the readers and researchers to understand the importance of data processing, smart systems, security and privacy and future trends in IoT application for sports performance analysis
Byron’s Letters
No full textThis essay considers the publication history, the evolving critical reception, and the relation to a growing body of scholarship on Romantic period epistolary culture of Byron’s letters. Byron’s immersion in this epistolary culture is examined in detail. The essay sets out, and proceeds to interrogate, the well-established view that the letters are equal to, and perhaps exceed, much of Byron’s poetry as literary performances. The essay also considers the letters chronologically, as representing different periods of Byron’s life, with a particular focus on the effect of fame on the poet’s sense of audience and the letters’ relation to travel writing. The later letters to John Murray, more coterie than private writing, are given detailed consideration. Close readings of particular letters set out some of the literary qualities that distinguish this unique body of epistolary writing
Moments of togetherness: humour and playful interactions in the toddler peer group
No full textToddlers often use humour to engage their peers in acts of playful interactions as they build a sense of togetherness through a ‘mutual we’. In this paper, we discuss the findings of a study where the aim was to examine the embodied strategies toddlers use to engage their peers in interactions that are playful and full of humour. The study is an ethnomethodological study using conversation analysis (EMCA) to examine interactions that were video recorded over a nine-month period in an childhood education and care (ECEC) setting in Iceland. The findings explore how toddlers use humour connected to their available environmental resources to recruit other children into their play and explore social conventions and rules within their setting. These findings contribute to the growing body of early childhood research that positions this young age group as competent and imaginative in co-creating moments of togetherness, building the ‘mutual we’ within their peer group
Exploring the impact of entrepreneurial experience on future entrepreneurship aspirations
No full textThis paper evaluates how different types of direct and vicarious experience in entrepreneurship determine the perceived entrepreneurial intention in short, medium, and long-term horizons. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of considering both personal experiences and social influences in designing curriculum. A survey was conducted on four types of entrepreneurial experience and four intention horizons. Two of the experiences were direct experiences: current and previous, whilst two were vicarious: family and knowing someone. The four intention horizons were now, short-term, long-term and no intention. The study looks at 679 agricultural students from universities in both China and the United Kingdom. The paper uses the integrated model of entrepreneurial intentions together with a temporal horizon model of intention as the theoretical underpinning for this approach. The study’s results reinforce the positive relationship between family experience and long-term intentions, thus supporting the idea that familial exposure to entrepreneurship can shape individuals’ long-term entrepreneurial aspirations. The lack of a significant association between current direct experience and long-term intentions deviates from previous research and may be attributed to other factors influencing individuals’ long-term intentions, such as changing circumstances or evolving entrepreneurial opportunities. The cohorts available, whilst from China and UK, as participants were limited which presents several opportunities to expand upon this work and challenge its central premise. An understanding of the role of family in shaping long-term entrepreneurial intention has widespread social implications. The discovery that individuals with entrepreneurial experience, be it direct or through vicarious means, generally show heightened entrepreneurial intentions, coupled with the insight that knowing an entrepreneur correlates with shorter-term intention horizons, whereas family-influenced experiences align with longer-term venture creation ambitions, offers valuable new perspectives for those involved in entrepreneurial education and support
Raw data for Contemporary Educational and Behaviour Change Strategies Improve Dietary Practices Around a Match in Professional Soccer Players
No full textThis study assessed the impact of targeted nutritional education and behaviour change interventions on dietary intake in professional football players. Twenty players from the professional development phase in an English Premier League club (age: 18.4 ± 1.0 years; body mass: 76.1 ± 6.0 kg; stature: 1.80 ± 0.07 m) were randomly assigned to an ‘Intervention’ (INT) group (n = 10), who received numerous nutritional education and behaviour change interventions, or a ‘Control’ (CON) group (n = 10), who received no nutrition support. Dietary intake was assessed daily throughout the match-week (Match Day (MD)-2, MD-1, MD, MD+1, and MD+2). Mean energy (3393 ± 852 vs. 2572 ± 577 kcal·day−1) and CHO (5.36 ± 1.9 vs. 3.47 ± 1.1 g·kg−1 BW·day−1) intake was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the INT vs. CON group. Furthermore, the INT group implemented nutrition periodisation practices as CHO intake was significantly increased on MD-1 (7.0 ± 1.7 g·kg−1 BM·day−1), MD (7.1 ± 1.4 g·kg−1 BM·day−1) and MD+1 (5.1 ± 0.8 g·kg−1 BM·day−1). However, the CON group did not periodise their CHO intake and failed to meet CHO recommendations on MD-1, MD and MD+1 (< 4 g·kg−1 BM·day−1). The implementation of targeted nutritional education and behaviour change interventions resulted in improved dietary practices in professional football players and enabled better adherence to recommended guidelines
Improving hospice delirium guideline adoption through an understanding of barriers and facilitators: A mixed-methods co-design study
No full textObjectives
This study seeks to understand and address barriers to practitioners’ optimal assessment and management of people with delirium in hospices.
Methods
Retrospective clinical record review to identify areas of low concordance with guideline-adherent delirium care, followed by a survey of healthcare practitioners to identify barriers and facilitators to optimal care. Qualitative interviews with health care practitioners to explore and develop strategies to address barriers or optimise facilitators and a meeting with senior clinical staff to refine identified strategies.
Results
Eighty clinical records were reviewed. Elements of poor guideline concordance were identified. Delirium screening on admission was conducted for 61% of admissions. Non-pharmacological management was documented for 59% of those we identified as having delirium from the clinical records. Survey and interview data identified key barriers to delirium assessment as competing priorities, poor knowledge and skills and lack of environmental resources (staff and guidelines, environment). A co-design process resulted in strategies to address barriers and enhance facilitators including champions, educational meetings, audit and feedback, and environmental changes (including careful consideration of the staff skills mix on shift and tools to support non-pharmacological management).
Conclusions
Implementation of strategies should result in greater guideline-adherent delirium care. Further work should test this in practice and include both process and clinical outcomes (e.g., reduction in delirium days). We conducted a theoretically underpinned, internationally relevant study in a hospice in England, U
Working behind the scenes: The Scotch Whisky Association and the US liquor market c1950-c1970
No full textWe present an historically informed case study of the Scotch Whisky Association (SWA), during the 1950s, and 1960s, to illustrate the fundamental role it played in protecting the Scotch whisky industry in its key export market, the US. We illuminate the relationship between the SWA and its eminent legal counsel in the US, Ansel Luxford, who shielded the SWA from a major dispute between US and Canadian distillers. Our study explores the following question: what is the nature and extent of a trade association’s external agency that enables it to influence the policies and regulations of foreign governments? Our principal finding is that successful interaction with a foreign government, and its agencies, is facilitated by the employment of experienced legal counsel, and the existence of a bilateral inter-governmental relationship