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Dobbel vesentlighetsanalyse av forsyningskjeden til Pizza Grandiosa
Full text linkBærekraftsrapportering stiller skjerpede krav gjennom EUs Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), hvor dobbel vesentlighetsanalyse (DVA) er et sentralt verktøy. DVA kombinerer vurderinger av bærekraftspåvirkning og finansiell betydning, og brukes for å identifisere hvilke faktorer som er mest kritiske for både virksomhetens drift og samfunnsansvar.
Denne masteroppgaven undersøkte hvordan DVA kan bidra til å identifisere de mest vesentlige bærekraftsforholdene i forsyningskjeden til ett enkelt produkt: Grandiosa Original. Analysen ble gjennomført ved å vurdere alvorlighet og sannsynlighet for ulike ESG-temaer, basert på en kombinasjon av intervjudata, Orklas dokumentasjon og eksterne kilder.
Funnene viste at arbeidsforhold, utslipp, sirkulærøkonomi og korrupsjon er de mest vesentlige faktorene i forsyningskjeden, både fra et påvirknings- og finansielt perspektiv. Arbeidsforhold og likestilling fremstår som sentrale i vurderingen av sosial bærekraft, mens utslipp og avfall knyttes til miljøpåvirkning og kostnadsrisiko. Korrupsjon påvirker transparens og datakvalitet, og svekker vurderingsgrunnlaget. Til tross for enkelte begrensninger, som usikkerhet i datagrunnlag, viste analysen at DVA gir et helhetlig og nyttig beslutningsgrunnlag.Sustainability reporting is subject to stricter requirements under the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), where double materiality analysis (DVA) serves as a key tool. DVA combines assessments of sustainability impact and financial significance and is used to identify the factors most critical to both business operations and corporate responsibility.
This master’s thesis investigated how DVA can contribute to identifying the most material sustainability issues in the supply chain of a single product: Grandiosa Original. The analysis was carried out by assessing the severity and likelihood of various ESG topics, based on a combination of interview data, Orkla’s internal documentation, and external sources.
The findings indicate that working conditions, emissions, circular economy, and corruption are the most material factors in the supply chain, from both an impact and financial perspective. Working conditions and gender equality emerge as central to the assessment of social sustainability, while emissions and waste are tied to environmental impact and cost risk. Corruption affects transparency and data quality, thereby weakening the foundation for assessment. Despite certain limitations, such as uncertainty in the data, the analysis demonstrated that DVA provides a comprehensive and valuable basis for decision-making
Normalising Occupation through Renewable Energy Projects: The Case of Western Sahara and Wind Farms
Full text linkThis thesis investigates Morocco’s renewable energy projects, particularly wind farms, in occupied Western Sahara. The wind farms were built without the permission of the Sahrawis, who are the local population. It is important to draw attention to this case because the Sahrawis are already oppressed and exploited by the occupation and are even further oppressed by the renewable energy projects. In addition, research concerning Western Sahara is often complicated, as it is particularly difficult to conduct research in the occupied territory. Through the conceptual approach of green colonialism and a human rights-based approach, with a specific emphasis on the right to self-determination, the thesis addresses the following research questions: Who are the actors in wind energy development in Western Sahara, and how do they relate to the occupation? How are the Sahrawis affected by the development of wind farms in Western Sahara?. Drawing on secondary sources, the case of Western Sahara is analysed.
Overall, the wind energy projects in Western Sahara fail to implement a Human Rights-Based Approach. The examination of the case emphasises that Morocco is practising green colonialism in Western Sahara; Morocco uses renewable energy projects as a tool for the normalisation process of the occupation of Western Sahara and the international public, especially the EU, UK, UNFCCC and corporations wittingly or unwittingly plays a vital role in the aforementioned issues. Furthermore, the normalisation of occupation through renewable energy developments reinforces and solidifies Morocco's power, worsening the situation of the Sahrawis, especially their right to self-determination.B-D
GRIP - Gjenvinning, regulering og innovasjon i praksis En casestudie av NG Metall og sirkulær omstilling i bilgjenvinningsbransjen
Full text linkMasterstudien undersøker hvordan gjenvinningsbransjen innoverer i møte med regulatoriske endringer for sirkulær omstilling, med utgangspunkt i en casestudie av NG Metall AS i norsk bilgjenvinningsbransje. Den bygger på litteratur fra sirkulær økonomi, regulatorisk drevet innovasjon og systemtenkning, med en abduktiv tilnærming. Tidlig empiri og litteratur la grunnlag for fem antagelser brukt som analytisk linse for 15 dybdeintervjuer med bransjeaktører.
Studien har bakgrunn i behovet for å redusere ressursbruk og avfall gjennom overgang til en mer sirkulær økonomi. EU har gjennom Green Deal og Circular Economy Action Plan etablert sirkulær omstilling som et sentralt virkemiddel, og det stilles økende krav til design, demontering og materialgjenvinning. Gjenvinningsbransjen står sentralt i denne omstillingen. Bilgjenvinning er særlig relevant som case fordi bilvrak er komplekse produkter med høy ressursverdi, tett regulering, og et etablert produsentansvarssystem.
Studien viser at innovasjon i bransjen i stor grad skjer som enkeltstående, inkrementelle tiltak – ofte uten forankring i en helhetlig strategi. Manglende kapasitet, uklare ansvarsforhold og svak koordinering hemmer evnen til strategisk utvikling. Samtidig finnes det potensiale for teknologisk, organisatorisk og systemrettet innovasjon, særlig der samarbeid eller proaktiv tilpasning forekommer.
Studien bidrar med praksisnær innsikt i hvordan reguleringer påvirker innovasjon i komplekse verdikjeder. Funnene peker på behov for tydeligere innovasjonsstrategier, felles strukturer og insentiver. For å lykkes med sirkulær omstilling må innovasjon forstås og organiseres som en felles oppgave i verdikjeden – ikke overlates til enkeltaktører alene.This master’s thesis explores how the recycling industry innovates in response to regulatory changes aimed at enabling a transition to circular economy, using a case study of NG Metall AS in the Norwegian vehicle recycling sector. The analysis draws on literature from circular economy, regulation-driven innovation and systems thinking, and follows an abductive research approach. Early empirical insights and literature informed five working assumptions, which were used as an analytical lens for 15 in-depth interviews with industry actors.
The study is motivated by the growing need to reduce resource use and waste through a shift toward a more circulary economy. Through the Green Deal and the Circular Economy Action Plan, the EU has positioned circular transition as a key strategy, with increased demands on design, dismantling and material recovery. The recycling industry plays a crucial role in this shift. Vehicle recycling is a particularly relevant case due to end-of-life vehicles being complex products with high resource value, regulatory complexity and the existing producer responsibility system.
Findings show that innovation largely occurs as isolated, incremental efforts, often without being anchored in broader strategies. Limited capacity, unclear responsibilities and weak coordination hinder strategic innovation. However, potential exists for technological, organizational and especially system-level innovation, particularly through collaboration and proactive adaptation.
The study offers practice-based insight into how regulation shapes innovation in complex value chains, and highlights the need for clearer innovation strategies, shared structures and stronger incentives. In order to succeed with the transition to circular economy, innovation must be understood and organized as a shared responsibility across the value chain – not left to individual actors alone
Andelsfordeling i privat veg –Jordskifterettens vurderinger og praksis
Full text linkTemaet for masteroppgaven er bruksordning på veg etter jordskifteloven § 3-8, og hva slags vurderinger jordskifteretten gjør når de fastsetter og fordeler andeler. For å belyse temaet i oppgaven er det benyttet et kvalitativt forskningsdesign med intervjuer og dokumentstudier som grunnlag for empiri. Oppgavens hovedproblemstilling er: Hva slags vurderinger legger jordskifteretten til grunn ved en andelsfordeling? Hovedproblemstillingen er forsøkt besvart gjennom fire delproblemstillinger:
Delproblemstilling 1: I hvor stor grad benyttes forhåndsbestemte modeller ved en andelsfordeling, og i hvor stor grad benyttes egne prinsipper og skjønn som er tilpasset den enkelte sak?
Delproblemstilling 2: Hvordan blir vernet mot tap etter jordskifteloven § 3-18 ivaretatt ved en bruksordning på privat felles veg?
Delproblemstilling 3: I hvor stor grad tas det hensyn til subjektive forhold i en bruksordning? Delproblemstilling 4: Skiller vurderingen av kostnadsfordeling ved vanlig vegvedlikehold i jordskifteloven § 3-8 seg fra vurderingen som ville blitt gjort etter jordskifteloven § 3-9?
Det har blitt hentet inn jordskifteavgjørelser som er rettslig avgjort etter 1. januar 2020 fra Østre Innlandet jordskifterett og Vestre Innlandet jordskifterett. Det har blitt gjennomført sju kvalitative intervjuer med ulike jordskiftedommere.
Undersøkelsene som er gjort i denne masteroppgaven viser at jordskiftedommerne er samstemte om at i en bruksordning må det gjøres tilpasninger etter vegen og dens behov. Det brukes i varierende grad ulike modeller for andelsfordelingen. Jordskiftedommerne stiller seg positive til at det har kommet et GIS-basert verktøy som trolig redusere rettens bruk av skjønn. Det vil likevel alltid være en viss bruk av skjønn i bruksordninger. Jordskiftedommerne hadde ulike oppfatninger om i hvilken grad subjektive forhold kan vektlegges i en bruksordning, men det synes å være en felles vilje til å ivareta partenes innspill så langt det lar seg gjøre. Vern av tap etter jordskifteloven § 3-18 blir alltid hensyntatt, men det gjøres ikke vurderinger av tap i forhold til hver enkelt andel til medeierne i veglaget. Jordskiftedommerne i studien har ulike oppfattinger om vurderingene etter jordskifteloven § 3-8 skiller seg fra vurderingene som blir gjort i en sak etter jordskifteloven § 3-9.The topic of the master's thesis is the usage arrangement for roads according to the Land Consolidation Act § 3-8, and the considerations made by the Land Consolidation Court when determining and allocating shares and regulations within a road association. To explore this topic, a qualitative research design has been used, with interviews and document studies serving as the empirical basis. The main research question of the thesis is: What considerations does the Land Consolidation Court base its decision on when distributing shares? This main question is addressed through four sub-questions:
Sub-question 1: To what extent are predefined models used in the allocation of shares, and to what extent are individual principles and discretion tailored to each case?
Sub-question 2: How is the protection against loss according to the Land Consolidation Act § 3-18 upheld in a usage arrangement for a private shared road?
Sub-question 3: To what extent are subjective factors taken into account in a land consolidation arrangement?
Sub-question 4: Does the assessment of cost distribution for regular road maintenance in the Land Consolidation Act § 3-8 differ from the assessment that would be made under § 3-9?
Land consolidation decisions legally finalized after January 1, 2020, have been collected from the Østre Innlandet Land Consolidation Court and Vestre Innlandet Land Consolidation Court. Seven qualitative interviews have been conducted with various land consolidation judges.
The investigations carried out in this master's thesis show that the land consolidation judges agree that a usage arrangement must be adapted to the road and its needs. However, there will always be some level of discretion applied in usage arrangements. It can be said that the responses from the land consolidation judges varied on the extent to which subjective factors can be considered in a usage arrangement, but the judges make considerable efforts to take the parties’ comments into account. The protection against loss according to the Land Consolidation Act § 3-18 is always considered, but no assessments are made of losses in relation to each individual share of the co-owners in the road association. The informants in the research project have differing opinions on whether the assessments under the Land Consolidation Act § 3-8 differ from the assessments made in cases under § 3-9
Thinking with the Machine: How Students and AI Co-Create in Knowledge Creation Processes
No full textThis thesis analyses the relationship between generative-AI chatbots and knowledge-work
processes among 20 Norwegian master-students in a small sample case-study setting. The
study combines manual prompt-log coding with Business Process Modelling (BPM) and
personality psychology. Two central themes are examined: first, How Retrieval Augmented
Generation (RAG) chatbot assistance reshapes the linear “read → write → revise” assignment
workflow, and second, whether Big-Five personality traits supply useful supplementary
context for interpreting prompt-level behavior. Process oriented, abductive reasoning and
Design Science philosophy provide a theoretical and methodological framework, while a
custom codebook structures the empirical work. The observed data consist of 140 prompts
and Big Five Mini-IPIP scores collected from 20 Norwegian business-school students during
two case-assignments in 2025. Data exploration relies on broad session level interpretations of
prompt patterns along two manually coded dimensions (prompt complexity and prompt
intent) supported by persona constructions and scenario-reconstructions, followed by theory
informed analysis and phase-level decomposition utilizing a “process logic” lens informed by
Business Process Modelling (BPM), Agile Methodologies and Knowledge Management
Description Language (KMDL) to better contextualize a curated selection of sessions. Results
show that RAG-chat breaks the straight-line BPM model, separating assignment work into
three iterative phases: idea-scouting and sensemaking, draft-refinement & task execution, and
time-boxed task-offloading. The RAG-system acts alternately as ideation partner, peer
reviewer, and micro-contractor. In the AI-human loop knowledge continually converts from
tacit (user) to explicit (prompt/output) and back. The personality analysis reveals a mix of
trait-congruent (high Openness explorers, high-Conscientiousness task delegators) and traitparadox
cases, with strong situational cues (e.g., deadlines, visible AI pay-off, academic
context) frequently overriding dispositional expectations. The takeaway is that workflow
design and other contextual implications drive AI utilization, not user traits. The study
proposes a hybrid model using KMDL, supplemented with prompt intent/complexity,
knowledge categories and agile states to visualize and describe Human-AI processes with
BPM in knowledge intensive settings. The prompt mapping procedure also holds potential for
organizations use and development of strategic knowledge inventories, to manage knowledge
intensive AI assisted processes better. In conclusion, AI-supported writing has a substantial
effect on the evolution of knowledge-work phases, while personality traits offer limited
explanatory power to explain prompting behavior in this study.This thesis analyses the relationship between generative-AI chatbots and knowledge-work
processes among 20 Norwegian master-students in a small sample case-study setting. The
study combines manual prompt-log coding with Business Process Modelling (BPM) and
personality psychology. Two central themes are examined: first, How Retrieval Augmented
Generation (RAG) chatbot assistance reshapes the linear “read → write → revise” assignment
workflow, and second, whether Big-Five personality traits supply useful supplementary
context for interpreting prompt-level behavior. Process oriented, abductive reasoning and
Design Science philosophy provide a theoretical and methodological framework, while a
custom codebook structures the empirical work. The observed data consist of 140 prompts
and Big Five Mini-IPIP scores collected from 20 Norwegian business-school students during
two case-assignments in 2025. Data exploration relies on broad session level interpretations of
prompt patterns along two manually coded dimensions (prompt complexity and prompt
intent) supported by persona constructions and scenario-reconstructions, followed by theory
informed analysis and phase-level decomposition utilizing a “process logic” lens informed by
Business Process Modelling (BPM), Agile Methodologies and Knowledge Management
Description Language (KMDL) to better contextualize a curated selection of sessions. Results
show that RAG-chat breaks the straight-line BPM model, separating assignment work into
three iterative phases: idea-scouting and sensemaking, draft-refinement & task execution, and
time-boxed task-offloading. The RAG-system acts alternately as ideation partner, peer
reviewer, and micro-contractor. In the AI-human loop knowledge continually converts from
tacit (user) to explicit (prompt/output) and back. The personality analysis reveals a mix of
trait-congruent (high Openness explorers, high-Conscientiousness task delegators) and traitparadox
cases, with strong situational cues (e.g., deadlines, visible AI pay-off, academic
context) frequently overriding dispositional expectations. The takeaway is that workflow
design and other contextual implications drive AI utilization, not user traits. The study
proposes a hybrid model using KMDL, supplemented with prompt intent/complexity,
knowledge categories and agile states to visualize and describe Human-AI processes with
BPM in knowledge intensive settings. The prompt mapping procedure also holds potential for
organizations use and development of strategic knowledge inventories, to manage knowledge
intensive AI assisted processes better. In conclusion, AI-supported writing has a substantial
effect on the evolution of knowledge-work phases, while personality traits offer limited
explanatory power to explain prompting behavior in this study
Centre for Land Tenure Studies 2024 Annual Report
No full textSUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES IN 2024
The Centre for Land Tenure Studies (CLTS) published 34 peer-reviewed journal articles, 4 books, 7 working papers and three (3) reports. The published journals covered issues around education and disability, access to seeds, climate shocks and the climate dilemma, climate response behaviour, resource management, ecology, land acquisition and consolidation, valuation of land, housing markets, spatial urban planning, land laws, cadastral development, safe flood routes, grazing, deforestation, common pool resources, and political forest. Since the most published papers are first published as working papers, the research areas are similar. Additional topics in working papers include understanding behavioral response of resource poor households, students and farmers. The published reports included a pre-analysis plan for the research work in Malawi. CLTS members also participated in several conferences to disseminate the research work.
The CLTS working papers and reports are accessible through the CLTS webpage, the Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics (S-WoPEc), the library (Brage) of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), the Land Portal webpage (see: https://landportal.org/organization/centre-land-tenure-studies) and Econstor (see: https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/242695).
Statistics on visibility show that, over the months, abstract views ranged between 20 and 50 while downloads of the papers ranged from 5 to 20 papers across the months. This is on average lower that the statistics in 2023. The statistics on impact factor show that the current recursive impact factor for the CLTS page is 0.11 with an h-index of 8. The 10-year impact factor for the CLTS is 0.08 and the h-index is 4.
The faculties working on CLTS-related work also reported several activities. The School of Economics and Business was involved in several projects supported by the Research Council of Norway and NORAD (NORHED II). In LANDSAM, the Department of Property and Law is involved in projects focusing on (1) the Planning and Building Act between demand, land policy and sustainability, (2) collaboration for improved participation in spatial planning, and (3) didactics in spatial planning. Again, under LANDSAM, Noragric and Byreg departments collaborated on an NFR research application focusing on sustainable recreation around the Oslo Fjord. In MINA, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management worked on a collaborative project that represents a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing and improving policy and management decisions for dry forestland and resources in the face of climate change. Two PhD students have contributed to the project, with one working since August 2021 and the other from August 2021 to May 2023. In addition, a postdoctoral researcher has been involved since March 2023, alongside a visiting researcher who joined in September 2023
Characterization of dust and crystalline silica exposure during indoor demolition
Full text linkExposure to dust and respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is a continuing concern in the construction industry when working with silica-containing materials, such as concrete, brick, or stone. Increased knowledge of the dust characteristics can be used to improve measures to reduce potential exposure. This study aimed to characterize dust collected from indoor demolition in terms of particle size distribution and mineral content, including quartz. Airborne dust was collected with Sioutas cascade impactors at five different construction sites involved in indoor demolition and renovation. Four of the locations had workers demolishing concrete, while at the fifth location brick structures were demolished. An aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) was used to continually monitor the particle number concentrations in the size range 0.54 µm to 17 µm. Material samples of demolished material were collected from each location to determine mineral content. The filters from the Sioutas cascade impactors were weighted to determine dust concentrations in five size fractions ranging from 10 µm down to less than 0.25 µm. Quartz concentrations were quantified with X-ray diffraction using the NIOSH 7500 method and Rietveld refinement was further used to determine other mineral content in the Sioutas impactor samples and material samples. Respirable dust and quartz concentrations were calculated from the Sioutas data. The mass- and number-based particle size distributions measured by the APS were similar for the four locations involved in concrete demolition, whereas the location working with brick had a different distribution. The concentration levels varied widely, and the highest levels were observed at an enclosed location with no natural ventilation where concrete demolition took place. Limited natural or mechanical ventilation led to an accumulation of smaller particles around 1 µm and a lower mass median aerodynamic diameter for RCS, down to 1.2 µm, compared to locations with ventilation. The quartz percentages of the dust collected by Sioutas impactors were found to increase with increasing particle size. The dust contained less quartz than the source material, and an up-concentration of softer minerals like calcite was observed. The knowledge of particle size distributions and concentration levels occurring in the field during indoor demolition is important to ensure effective measures to reduce worker exposure. The results highlight the importance of effective ventilation to reduce the accumulation of airborne particles.publishedVersio
"Mangfold, spredning og opphav til karplanter i og langs en blågrønn infrastruktur-bekk på campus til Norges Miljø- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet"
No full textSammendrag
Menneskeskapte klimaendringer og tap av biologisk mangfold er to av de største utfordringene i det 21. århundre. Blågrønn infrastruktur (BGI) representerer et mulig tiltak mot effekter av begge disse problemene, blant annet ved å håndtere store vannmengder ved flom og samtidig tilby leveområder og spredningskorridorer for ulike arter. Planter utgjør en sentral del av enhver BGI-løsning, og bidrar blant annet til å stabilisere vannkanter, absorbere vann og skape habitat for dyreliv. Målet med denne studien var å undersøke plantemangfoldet i og langs en BGI-bekk kalt Campusbekken, som ligger på campusen til Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet (NMBU) i Ås, Sørøst-Norge.
Studien ble gjennomført som en randomisert vegetasjonskartlegging i 0,5 × 0,5 m store ruter på et transekt som krysset bekken og tilgrensende kantvegetasjon. Alle planter innenfor hver rute ble identifisert, fortrinnsvis til art, og dekningen til hver art innad i ruten ble estimert. Plantenes opprinnelse ble fastslått så langt det lot seg gjøre, basert på kart over utplantinger utført av entreprenørene og informasjon fra representanter for parkforvaltningen.
Det ble identifisert 134 taxa under feltarbeidet. De vanligste plantene var naturlig forekommende våtmarksarter, samt en del generalister. Selve bekkeløpet, som ikke var tilplantet i utgangspunktet, var dominert av våtmarksspesialister og akvatiske planter, noe som tyder på betydelig spredningsevne blant disse artene. De fleste plantene som ble identifisert, ble klassifisert som spontane, men de plantene som hadde blitt utplantet var betydelig mer dominerende når det gjelder dekning. Det ble observert signifikante forskjeller i artsmangfold mellom de ulike delene av bekken, trolig som følge av variasjon i utforming, skjøtsel og opprinnelig beplantning. Mer forskning er nødvendig for å identifisere hvilke variabler som bidrar til forskjellene i mangfold.
Studien viser at blågrønne strukturer kan tilby leveområder for en rekke karplantearter, inkludert rødlistede arter, som igjen kan bidra med flere økosystemtjenester. Informasjonen kan være nyttig for parkforvaltning, landskapsarkitekter og andre som planlegger eller forvalter blågrønn infrastruktur.Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change and biodiversity loss are two of the major challenges of the 21st century. Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) offers potential solutions to address the impacts of both, including handling excessive flood water and providing habitat and dispersion corridors for a number of species. Plants are a vital part of any BGI project, aiding in the stabilizing of stream banks, absorbing excess water and providing habitat for wildlife. The aim of my study was to investigate the diversity of vascular plants in and and alongside a BGI-stream called the Campus Stream, located on the campus of the Norwegian University of Life Science, at Ås, in South-Eastern Norway.
The study was conducted by doing vegetation surveys in 0.5 x 0.5 plots on transects placed across the stream and riparian vegetation. All plants within each plot were identified, preferably to species level, and the cover within the plot was estimated. The origin of each species, e.i. if they were planted or spontaneously occurring, was also determined as far as possible using maps over the initial plantings conducted by the contractors after the construction of the stream, as well as information from representatives of the park management.
In total, 134 taxa were identified during the field work, the most common being native wetland species, as well as a number of generalists. The streambed, not initially planted, generally exhibited relatively high degrees of vegetation cover, indicating spread from the banks and surrounding areas. The streambed was dominated by wetland specialists and aquatic plants, indicating considerable ability to spread among these species. Most taxa identified were classified as spontaneous, but the taxa that had been planted were considerably more dominant in terms of cover. Significant differences in species diversity were observed among the different areas of the stream, likely driven by variation in construction, maintenance and initial plantings. Further research is needed to identify the variables contributing to the differences in diversity.
The study shows that BGI-structures can provide habitat for numerous species of vascular plants, including red-listed species, which in turn can provide several ecosystem services. The information might be useful for park management, landscape designers and others that create or manage blue-green infrastructure
Revisiting the drivers of deforestation in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea: Insights from local communities
Full text linkTropical deforestation is an increasing problem, especially in the Congo Basin, where small-scale agriculture is considered the main driver. However, most studies have used remote-sensing approaches, which cannot detect some drivers, especially indirect ones.
We administered a semi-structured questionnaire in two sites in Gabon and one in Equatorial Guinea, located in nine different villages (3 per site). We find that notably, drivers change in different countries and regions: for example, the main driver in Gabon is commercial logging and small-scale farming while in Equatorial Guinea the main driver is commercial logging according to the results of this research. This is related to different socio-economic and political contexts. Regarding small-scale farming, 80% of the households in Gabon and 50% in Equatorial Guinea cleared fallows. Thus, it is of importance to understand local drivers of deforestation in the Congo Basin, and to complement remote-sensing studies with questionnaires
Gender, Power and Discourse: A feminist analysis of the Commission on the Status of Women and the High-Level Political Forum on sustainable development
Full text linkSignificant progress on gender equality in global governance has been made over the past decades. Numerous international political frameworks influenced by decades of feminist advocacy stand as evidence to this. However, contemporary feminist critiques emphasize that the issue has evolved from mere inclusion to how such inclusion is conceptualized, operationalized, and institutionalized in these frameworks. This thesis offers an exploration of how gender equality is discursively constructed within two global governance spaces in the UN, namely the Commission on the Status of Women and the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. The study seeks to understand how the interplay between discourse and institutional and political structures shapes the way gender equality is constructed. Using feminist critiques of global development frameworks, gender mainstreaming in international policy, feminist international relations (IR) theory, and critical discourse theory, this study explores the underlying power relations that shape the conceptualization and operationalization of gender equality. This thesis investigates how gender equality is constructed through language and how this language is embedded within and influenced by social and institutional structures. The findings reveal significantly different discursive practices related to gender equality, contingent on the institutional position, political mandate, and composition of actors within these governance spaces.Significant progress on gender equality in global governance has been made over the past decades. Numerous international political frameworks influenced by decades of feminist advocacy stand as evidence to this. However, contemporary feminist critiques emphasize that the issue has evolved from mere inclusion to how such inclusion is conceptualized, operationalized, and institutionalized in these frameworks. This thesis offers an exploration of how gender equality is discursively constructed within two global governance spaces in the UN, namely the Commission on the Status of Women and the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. The study seeks to understand how the interplay between discourse and institutional and political structures shapes the way gender equality is constructed. Using feminist critiques of global development frameworks, gender mainstreaming in international policy, feminist international relations (IR) theory, and critical discourse theory, this study explores the underlying power relations that shape the conceptualization and operationalization of gender equality. This thesis investigates how gender equality is constructed through language and how this language is embedded within and influenced by social and institutional structures. The findings reveal significantly different discursive practices related to gender equality, contingent on the institutional position, political mandate, and composition of actors within these governance spaces