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Examining COVID-19-triggered changes in spatial connectivity patterns in the European air transport network up to June 2021
Get PDFThe integrity of international supply chain operations heavily relies on air transport services to facilitate the movement of goods and enable human interactions between its stakeholders. With the outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe around March 2020, air transport networks have been subject to profound alterations. Although the link between variations in air transport service levels and changes in user costs for network-wide travel has been analysed extensively, few studies have examined the extent to which severe network shrinkage events lead to a reduction in network connectivity, which is therefore difficult to predict. This paper investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic has structurally altered the European air transport network in 2020/21 and how these changes have deteriorated users' ease when utilizing network-wide air transport services. To do this, the paper estimates the change in average quickest path length at the airport level during different stages of this period. Results indicate there is strong heterogeneity in airports' susceptibility to pandemic-induced network changes, with both regional variations and variations in the airline type serving individual airports. Furthermore, topological features of individual airports are found to determine airport susceptibility. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for locational decisions in supply chain designs. Keywords: European air transport network, COVID-19, spatial connectivity changes, airport susceptibilitypublishedVersio
A systematic review of the purposes of Blockchain and fog computing integration : classification and open issues
Get PDFThe fog computing concept was proposed to help cloud computing for the data processing of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, fog computing faces several challenges such as security, privacy, and storage. One way to address these challenges is to integrate blockchain with fog computing. There are several applications of blockchain-fog computing integration that have been proposed, recently, due to their lucrative benefits such as enhancing security and privacy. There is a need to systematically review and synthesize the literature on this topic of blockchain-fog computing integration. The purposes of integrating blockchain and fog computing were determined using a systematic literature review approach and tailored search criteria established from the research questions. In this research, 181 relevant papers were found and reviewed. The results showed that the authors proposed the combination of blockchain and fog computing for several purposes such as security, privacy, access control, and trust management. A lack of standards and laws may make it difficult for blockchain and fog computing to be integrated in the future, particularly in light of newly developed technologies like quantum computing and artificial intelligence. The findings of this paper serve as a resource for researchers and practitioners of blockchain-fog computing integration for future research and designs. Keywords: blockchain, cloud computing, fog computing, integration, Internet of Things (IoT), securitypublishedVersio
Exponential extrapolation memory for tabu search
Get PDFTabu search is a well-established metaheuristic framework for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems. At its core, the method uses different forms of memory to guide a local search through the solution space so as to identify high-quality local optima while avoiding getting stuck in the vicinity of any particular local optimum. This paper examines characteristics of moves that can be exploited to make good decisions about steps that lead away from recently visited local optima and towards a new local optimum. Our approach uses a new type of adaptive memory based on a construction called exponential extrapolation. The memory operates by means of threshold inequalities that ensure selected moves will not lead to a specified number of most recently encountered local optima. Computational experiments on a set of one hundred different benchmark instances for the binary integer programming problem suggest that exponential extrapolation is a useful type of memory to incorporate into a tabu search. Keywords: 0-1 Integer programming, binary optimization, adaptive memory, tabu searchpublishedVersio
Dairy farm management information systems
Get PDFNowadays, different types of farm management information systems (FMIS) are being used in practice in several sectors of farming, such as dairy, arable, fruits, vegetables, and meat farming. The goal of this research is to identify, evaluate, and synthesize existing FMISs in the Dutch dairy sector and present the state–of–the–art. We performed a multivocal literature review (MLR) to find sources both in scientific and grey literature. A grey literature search was adopted because most of the FMISs were not reported in the scientific literature. To support and improve the effectiveness of the MLR process, an online survey was first sent to Dutch dairy farmers to identify the FMISs that are being used in practice. With the help of the MLR process, we identified 50 FMISs used by Dutch dairy farmers. We identified 33 features of these FMISs and listed the advantages and disadvantages of the FMISs. Keywords: grey literature, multivocal literature review, precision agriculture, smart agriculture, smart systemspublishedVersio
Work interruption as a source of knowledge when nurses administer medicines in nursing homes : hermeneutic approach to narratives
Get PDFNurses administer medicines amidst constant interruptions. They must simultaneously perform other tasks, such as direct patient care or addressing system failures. However, there is a lack of research relating to nurses’ perspectives on these work interruptions: what they are, and what they are not. The purpose of this chapter is to elucidate nurses’ perspectives on and experience of work interruptions, as well as discuss the significance of their perspectives for safe drug management among nursing home residents. The study has a qualitative design. Data consisted of narratives on work interruptions shared by nurses. The narratives were analyzed, and a sample narrative was developed using Gadamer’s hermeneutical circle. The narrative stems from several years of experience as a nurse administering medicines in nursing homes, and as a researcher doing field studies, along with testimony developed from narratives nurses shared on how they view work interruptions during medicine rounds. In a sample narrative, a nurse reflects on administering medicines during constant interruptions in a somatic ward in a Norwegian nursing home. The residents’ needs define whether a work interruption is a work interruption, or a source of knowledge important for medication treatment and care in nursing homes. Keywords: work interruption, medicine administration, nursing homes, nurses, narrative, source of knowledgepublishedVersio
Relativ aldersforskjell i fordelingen av fødselsdatoer for alle registrerte spillere i en fotballkrets i Norge
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