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Evaluating the Validity of the English National Test in Norwegian Secondary Education, as Proposed by the Ministry of Education and Research and Perceived by In-Service Teachers
Full text linkTeacher experiences under COVID-19 pandemic school reopening periods: A window of opportunity for adapted education
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic obliged schools worldwide to make structural changes in response to the epidemiological situations in their countries. New national transmission control measures (TCMs) at schools were continuously announced to ensure pupil health. This study investigates how TCMs influenced the teaching and learning environment for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) at Norwegian schools during reopening periods. Data was gathered through eight in-depth interviews with teachers and coded thematically. It was analyzed using self-determination theory and adapted education. Despite the difficulties caused by TCM, teachers reported positive teaching and learning opportunities for pupils with SEN.publishedVersio
The child's right to family life when living in public care: how to facilitate contact that preserves, strengthens, and develops family ties
Full text linkThis study addresses children’s right to family life when placed in public care and questions how the Child Welfare Service and the Child Welfare Tribunal understand and facilitate this right within a Norwegian context. Based on a thematic analysis of 18 interviews, factors that have the potential to contribute to and challenge the strengthening and development of ties are presented. The implications of these factors for practice are discussed in light of the value of family life, the double role of foster parents, and the use of discretion when balancing children’s right to family life and their need for protection.publishedVersio
A Model for Estimating Resiliency of AI-Based Classifiers Defending Against Cyber Attacks
Full text linkAI techniques for cybersecurity are advancing, but AI-based classifers are suspectable of adversarial attacks. It is challenging to quantify the eforts required of an adversary to manipulate a system and quantify this resilience such that diferent systems can be compared using standard metrics. The study intends to quantify the actions required when an attacker abuses an AI-based system and propose a model to assess the attacker’s cybersecurity resilience. The study proposes an Egyptian Vulture Optimized Adaptive Elman Recurrent Neural Networks (EVO-AERNN) model to assess cybersecurity resilience and compare it with machine learning and deep learning-based classifers. It illustrates the potential of using adversaryaware feature sampling to build more robust classifers and use an optimized algorithm to maintain inherent resilience. The proposed model is achieved with an accuracy of 0.995, an F1 score of 0.9932, a precision of 0.9921, a recall (before an attack) of 0.987, a recall (after an attack) of 0.632, and a severity score of 0.363. The proposed model is further validated with a secondary dataset. This study paves the way for a more comprehensive knowledge of adversarial attack scenarios on network systems and ofers valuable insights, inspiring further research on advancing cybersecurity studies.publishedVersio
Thinking and acting outside the box: The co-existence of formal bureaucratic integration and informal street-level integration in municipal health and social care services
Full text linkIntegration of health and social care services is the recommended approach for people with concurrent mental health and substance abuse problems. Integrated service approaches can, however, be difficult to achieve due to organizational and financial barriers. This is a study of practice-level service integration in municipal health and social care organizations that provide services to people with mental health and substance abuse problems. More precisely, we study the co-existence of formal and informal integration in a service field which is threatened by cost-savings and cuts in resource use. The study is designed as a qualitative single-case study, with three Norwegian municipalities as case organizations. The empirical data consists of a combination of in-depth individual interviews, focus group interviews and observations of decision meetings. This material is analysed with a deductive thematic analysis approach based on theories concerning formal integration and street-level diplomacy. The findings reveal that commitment to the goal of service integration can be both symmetrical and asymmetrical between managers and professionals. Co-existence between formal bureaucratic integration and informal street-level integration is possible if the commitment is symmetrical, and if professionals are granted increased autonomy and less formal controlpublishedVersio
What the textbooks don’t teach about the reality of running a digitally enabled health study: a phenomenological interview study
Full text linkBackground Most studies do not produce their intended outcomes on time or within budget. However, it is challenging to identify the facilitators and barriers to successful study management when the “behind the scenes action” of especially digitally enabled health research studies are akin to a black box. Therefore, it is necessary to explore first-hand experience of the facilitators and barriers to managing digitally enabled health studies. The goal of such studies is to produce new knowledge and/or develop tools that can be translated to real-world benefits for the health and care sector, individuals, and other stakeholders. These studies now exist in a time that encourages collaborative research activities with interdisciplinary research partnerships, industry collaboration, end-user involvement and insights for policy. These expectations require teams with different work cultures, methodologies, technologies, and approaches to work together, resulting in significant benefits but also challenges.
Objectives To explore the relationship between the dynamics and needs of research teams and the technology used to manage digitally enabled studies through the experience of those who worked on such studies.
Methods We used an interpretive phenomenological approach to explore research team members’ experiences and perceptions of study management in the field of digitally enabled health research. We interviewed 15 research team members from eight studies. A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore concepts related to study activity management, team dynamics, resources and technologies used to manage research activities, and reflections of personal experiences. An adductive thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts.
Results Five main themes were identified: 1) Project Team, 2) Study management, which included management technologies, 3) Study plan, 4) Intervention, 5) Participants. This paper focuses on the first two main themes. Subthemes included: Roles and responsibilities, Methods, Changes, Challenges and solutions and Expectations vs. reality. Sub-themes were applicable to all main themes. Therefore, results were presented as knowledge gained from the interaction between sub-themes within each theme, i.e. referred to as“comprehensive insights” in the results section of this paper.
Conclusion This interview study provides new knowledge about the realities of working in collaborative, digitally enabled health research studies and demonstrates several opportunities for improved understanding of study management. More realistic and thorough understanding of the complex system in which digitally enabled health research exists can be applied to better prepare experienced researchers and newly graduated students entering the field, as well as improve existing strategies for management.publishedVersio
Behavioral Intervention Functions in Type 2 Diabetes Apps: Literature Review
Full text linkBackground: As type 2 diabetes (T2D) is expected to increase, self-management becomes more crucial. Mobile apps are increasingly supporting self-management with tasks like blood glucose monitoring and medication management. Understanding the behavioral intervention functions used by diabetes apps today, is essential for improving future apps and systems for diabetes management.
Objective: To analyze the behavioral intervention functions used in apps for managing T2D that integrate the three main elements: medication management, nutrition tracking, and blood glucose management.
Methods: We conducted a literature review on T2D diabetes apps using SCOPUS, PubMed, and PsycINFO. After screening and removing duplicates, we analyzed app details and behavioral intervention functions based on the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) framework.
Results: We reviewed 644 scientific publications describing diabetes apps in clinical studies, narrowing it down to 20 studies, including 16 unique apps, after screening and exclusions. These studies were published between 2016 and 2024. Among the identified apps, automatic processing of medication data was reported in one study, while blood glucose data were automatically processed in 13 studies. Nutrition data processing varied. Most apps used Enablement and Persuasion as behavioral intervention functions, with Education and Training reported less frequently. Environmental Restructuring, Incentivization, Coercion, Restriction, and Modeling were not reported as being used in any studies.
Conclusions: This review shows that while Enablement and Persuasion are common, other behavioral intervention functions seem to be underused or underreported. Future research could explore the potential of integrating additional behavioral intervention functions to enhance diabetes app efficacy and users’ self-management.publishedVersio
Examining Blended Learning Adoption Towards Improving Learning Performance in Institutions of Higher Education
Full text linkInstitutions of higher education are implementing Blended Learning (BL) approaches to supplement traditional courses in enhancing students’ learning experiences. However, only fewer studies have examined BL acceptance based on the determinants that infuence students’ perception towards BL integration in improving learning performance. Accordingly, this study employs the theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Information System (IS) success model to develop a model to examine the determinants that infuence students’ perception towards BL integration and acceptance as a mode of study to improve learning performance. Survey questionnaire was designed, and data was gathered from 1169 students to empirically validate the designed model. Accordingly, Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyze the survey data. The results suggest that system quality, information quality, and service quality signifcantly impact students’ acceptance of BL. Moreover, results reveal that perceived usefulness of BL, perceived ease of use of BL, attitude towards using BL, intention to use BL, and actual use of BL were proven to be key determinants that should be considered in improving students’ acceptance of BL. Additionally, results indicate that students’ acceptance of BL signifcantly infuences learning performance. Implications from this study provide insights on how institutions can improve students’ integration of BL initiatives in both physical and digital learning environments.publishedVersio
