NHH Brage (Norges Handelshøyskole)
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    8813 research outputs found

    Collaboration for Sustainability: The Impact of Collaboration on Sustainability in the Norwegian Waste Industry

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    This study aims to investigate how collaboration can be used as a tool for targeting sustainability issues in the Norwegian waste industry. The industry has become increasingly aware of the opportunities that joint effort offers, and it is now being adopted more extensively than before. The actual effects of collaboration in this context are yet to be researched, leaving the potential of these opportunities unknown. To contribute to this deficient field of research, this study is based on a qualitative case study with an exploratory approach. Data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews with a wide sample of informants from the waste industry value chain. These methodological choices ensured extensive insight into the current state and the future prospects of collaboration for sustainability. The findings of this research can be categorized into three main areas. First, key opportunities for improving sustainability within the value chain were identified. These include producer responsibility, optimization of transport, increased sorting, and reduced consumption. Secondly, various drivers and barriers to initiating and establishing sustainable collaborations were uncovered. The main drivers include the potential for knowledge sharing, innovation stimulation, cost and resource reduction, and enhanced competitiveness. On the other hand, the identified barriers include finding suitable collaborative partners and the lack of financial incentives for sustainable action. Finally, the research highlighted several essential factors for successful collaborations, including trust, communication, transparency, openness, and value creation for all involved parties. By focusing on these three areas, this study provided a broad understanding of how to establish and succeed with sustainable collaborations in the Norwegian waste industry. Overall, this study aims to address the research gap by investigating collaboration as a viable strategy for addressing sustainability issues. It concludes that current regulations and financial incentives hinder the development of profitable and sustainable solutions. However, working together fosters complementarity, resulting in more effective solutions. To achieve this, an extensive overview of the industry is necessary. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights for managers in the Norwegian waste industry, offering a comprehensive summary of sustainable collaboration's various aspects

    Exploring the Role of Industrial Symbiosis in Advancing the Green Transition: A Case Study of Maritime Clusters in Western Norway

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    Introduction: While industrial symbiosis is gaining international recognition, research in a Norwegian and maritime context remains limited. This thesis addresses this literature gap by exploring the role of industrial symbiosis in advancing the green transition within maritime clusters in Western Norway. The study investigates industrial symbiosis practices within maritime clusters, examines the dynamics of cooperation and competition, and identifies key drivers and barriers to industrial symbiosis implementation. Moreover, it provides insights and recommendations to support Norwegian maritime clusters in their green transition. Methodology: The study utilised an exploratory, qualitative case study approach to explore two cases: Grøn Region Vestland and Symbiose Fjordane. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants from clusters and facilitating organisations. An inductive approach was employed, providing flexibility and enabling an exploration of the dynamics of industrial symbiosis. Findings: The findings reveal familiarity with industrial symbiosis and strong commitment among maritime clusters to adapt to this circular strategy, although its implementation is in the early stages. The study uncovers that sectorial boundaries should not confine industrial symbiosis. It emphasises the importance of cooperation, enabled by geographic proximity, facilitation, knowledge sharing, and the balance of cooperation and competition through co-opetition. The study also identifies a complex interplay of factors impacting industrial symbiosis in maritime clusters, often acting simultaneously as drivers and barriers. The study presents insights suggesting that maritime clusters can benefit from being a first mover and succeed with industrial symbiosis by building a collaborative culture. Additionally, it suggests recommendations for maritime clusters to engage with policymakers, expand their network of cooperators and leverage their unique competitive advantages. Discussion: We underscore industrial symbiosis as a viable strategy for Norwegian maritime clusters to adapt to an evolving business landscape. While the associated economic risks should be considered, it may offer an advantageous investment opportunity. This research contributes to the growing literature on industrial symbiosis and provides a roadmap for industry actors

    Endringsagenters mobilisering av interessenter

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    Denne masteroppgaven belyser hvordan interne versus eksterne endringsagenter mobiliserer sine viktigste interessenter, for å sikre gjennomføringskraft. Vi har undersøkt hvordan de jobber og hvordan de forholder seg til viktige aktører for endringsarbeidet. Bartuneks (2013) triangelmodell danner det teoretiske grunnlaget for oppgaven, i form av de tre faktorene identitet, aktiviteter og interessenter. Vi har benyttet oss av en kvalitativ metode og et eksplorerende forskningsdesign. Vi hadde tre informanter som vi har hatt tett dialog med underveis. Datainnsamlingen ble gjennomført ved å kombinere observasjoner og intervjuer, hvorav intervjuene foregikk over tre ulike seanser. Funnene fra datainnsamlingen ble analysert med utgangspunkt i vårt teoretiske rammeverk, og følgelig strukturert for de tre ulike faktorene i triangelmodellen. Den mest markante forskjellen vi fant mellom arbeidshverdagen til interne og eksterne endringsagenter, er deres ressursbruk på identifikasjon av interessenter. Våre funn antyder at eksterne endringsagenter i større grad må prioritere ressurser på identifikasjon av interessenter. På den andre siden kan interne endringsagenter prioritere ressursbruk på mobiliseringen av interessentene, fremfor identifikasjonen av dem. Samtidig mener vi at noen sentrale faktorer ikke er inkludert i triangelmodellen, men at de likevel er relevante for både interne og eksterne endringsagenter. Dette handler om betydningen av makt og posisjon i arbeidet med å mobilisere interessenter for å sikre gjennomføringskraft

    Ownership and Emissions in Shipping

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    This study examines the relationship between scope 1 emissions and ownership structures in the global shipping industry. In the green transition, it is beneficial to understand how ownership structures can affect managements decision-making. To assess this, we use end-of-year data on institutional, family, and public ownership to determine if changes in ownership affect emissions, using three different regression models. The study also discusses the relationship between profitability and emissions and if these are opposites or can be simultaneously thoughts in a cyclic industry. The results indicate that higher percentage of family ownership are related to reduced emissions per DWT. No clear evidence is found whether institutional or public ownership has a statistically significant effect on emissions per DWT, resulting in either lower or higher emissions per DWT when ownership changes. Further, the analysis uncovers that profitability and emissions per DWT are negatively related to each other, meaning an increase in profitability, measured in ROE, increases emissions per DWT. Not surprisingly, emissions per DWT seem to have reduced over time, meaning the green transition into a more sustainable industry is well on its way. The study contributes to a rising field of research regarding sustainability and especially emissions. The global shipping industry is valuable for the global economy due to facilitating transportation of goods but has substantial yearly emissions. Further studies should be conducted to build a more comprehensive field of studies regarding ownership structures effect on emissions in the shipping industry.This study examines the relationship between scope 1 emissions and ownership structures in the global shipping industry. In the green transition, it is beneficial to understand how ownership structures can affect managements decision-making. To assess this, we use end-of-year data on institutional, family, and public ownership to determine if changes in ownership affect emissions, using three different regression models. The study also discusses the relationship between profitability and emissions and if these are opposites or can be simultaneously thoughts in a cyclic industry. The results indicate that higher percentage of family ownership are related to reduced emissions per DWT. No clear evidence is found whether institutional or public ownership has a statistically significant effect on emissions per DWT, resulting in either lower or higher emissions per DWT when ownership changes. Further, the analysis uncovers that profitability and emissions per DWT are negatively related to each other, meaning an increase in profitability, measured in ROE, increases emissions per DWT. Not surprisingly, emissions per DWT seem to have reduced over time, meaning the green transition into a more sustainable industry is well on its way. The study contributes to a rising field of research regarding sustainability and especially emissions. The global shipping industry is valuable for the global economy due to facilitating transportation of goods but has substantial yearly emissions. Further studies should be conducted to build a more comprehensive field of studies regarding ownership structures effect on emissions in the shipping industry

    Stemmens plass i samstyring : En undersøkelse av forutsetninger for å få frem kommuners stemmer i nasjonale samstyringsprosjekt

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    Oppgaven undersøker forutsetninger for å få frem kommuners stemmer i samstyringsprosjekt. Temaet er viktig fordi samarbeid på tvers av sektorer er et av regjeringens viktigste virkemidler for å møte og løse samfunnsutfordringer (St.meld. 14 (2020-2021)). Sammen med digitalisering og innovasjon skal samstyring bidra til at offentlig sektor også i fremtiden kan gi nødvendige tjenester til innbyggerne. Samstyring bygger på ideen om at det trengs ulike stemmer for å løse komplekse problemer (Doberstein, 2016, gjengitt i Mosley og Wong, 2021). Med dette perspektivet er kommuner uvurderlige fordi de er nærmest brukerne, tettest på tjenestene og forstår egen organisasjon og sine behov best. Oppgaven viser at kommuner deltar i samstyringsprosjekt for å bidra til fellesskapet og for å oppnå gevinster. Videre viser oppgaven at kommuner kan oppleve det utfordrende å bruke stemmene sine i nasjonale samstyringsprosjekt. Oppgaven viser også at kommuner ikke nødvendigvis føler seg hørt og forstått i samstyring. Med teori om samstyring, legitimitet og stemme som rammeverk undersøker oppgaven hvilke forutsetninger som må være til stede for å få frem norske kommuner sine stemmer i nasjonale samstyringsprosjekt. Gjennom en eksplorerende tilnærming, kvalitativ metode og casestudie finner studien fem sentrale forutsetninger. Disse forutsetningene er å se nytten av å bruke stemmene, vite hva stemmene skal brukes til, ha rom for å bruke stemmene, sikre kompetanse til å bruke stemmene og stemmer som er sterke nok til å bli hørt. Jeg vil rette en stor takk til førsteamanuensis Kjersti Danilova for kyndig veiledning i arbeidet.nhhma

    Assessing Seaborne Trade Patterns & Economic Implications: A Comprehensive Analysis of Seaborne Crude Oil Transport Following the Ukraine-Russia Conflict

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    In this thesis, we investigate and analyse the changes in the crude oil tanker trade after the start of the Ukraine-Russia war by utilising aggregated Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. We investigate the changes in crude oil tanker tonne-mile demand from Russian seaborne oil exports compared to OPEC member countries, and global changes in crude oil tanker productivity. To determine the change in tonne-mile demand we employ the Difference-In-Differences method where Russia and OPEC member countries are set as treatment and control groups, respectively. We quantify the changes in tonne-mile per deadweight productivity measure by utilising the fixed-and mixed-effects models. By relying on historical AIS data for crude oil tankers specifically, we can evaluate how the war and the imposed sanctions have affected the global crude oil tanker operations with drawing parallels to the effectiveness of the sanctions. The utilised techniques identify that Russian tonne-mile demand for crude oil tankers has increased by approximately 250 million tonne-miles per voyage. Furthermore, we conclude that the global crude oil tanker productivity has declined since the start of the war, while for voyages of Russian origin, the productivity has increased by 27%. The war’s effect on productivity has not been uniform across the world. Our thesis contributes to a better understanding of how the war has affected the oil tanker trade isolated from the product tankers that exhibit cargo-switching behaviour.In this thesis, we investigate and analyse the changes in the crude oil tanker trade after the start of the Ukraine-Russia war by utilising aggregated Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. We investigate the changes in crude oil tanker tonne-mile demand from Russian seaborne oil exports compared to OPEC member countries, and global changes in crude oil tanker productivity. To determine the change in tonne-mile demand we employ the Difference-In-Differences method where Russia and OPEC member countries are set as treatment and control groups, respectively. We quantify the changes in tonne-mile per deadweight productivity measure by utilising the fixed-and mixed-effects models. By relying on historical AIS data for crude oil tankers specifically, we can evaluate how the war and the imposed sanctions have affected the global crude oil tanker operations with drawing parallels to the effectiveness of the sanctions. The utilised techniques identify that Russian tonne-mile demand for crude oil tankers has increased by approximately 250 million tonne-miles per voyage. Furthermore, we conclude that the global crude oil tanker productivity has declined since the start of the war, while for voyages of Russian origin, the productivity has increased by 27%. The war’s effect on productivity has not been uniform across the world. Our thesis contributes to a better understanding of how the war has affected the oil tanker trade isolated from the product tankers that exhibit cargo-switching behaviour

    Sustainable seafood adoption

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    This thesis paper is mainly focus on sustainable seafood adoption and investigate to know which factors influence consumers to adopt sustainable seafood

    Generativ AI – Fra generell til genial

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    Denne masteroppgaven utforsker ny teknologi innenfor feltet generativ AI. Oppgaven utforsker effekten av skreddersydd Large Language Model (LLM) sammenlignet med generell LLM, med fokus på produktivitet, kvalitet og menneskelig involvering. Som følge av disse effektene vil oppgaven avslutningsvis undersøke hvordan skreddersydd LLM påvirker konkurransefortrinn gjennom differensiering. I samarbeid med IT-selskapet Avo Consulting, gjennomfører vi et felteksperiment der ansatte bruker en skreddersydd LLM, Avo CV-generator, til å skrive prosjektbeskrivelser for CV-er. Tekstene sammenlignes med resultatene fra en kontrollgruppe som bruker en generell LLM, Microsoft Copilot. Gjennom eksperimentet innhenter vi data som belyser forskjeller i ytelse mellom de to modelltypene. Hovedfunnene indikerer at skreddersydd LLM reduserer hastigheten i arbeidsutførelsen, men forbedrer kvaliteten på de genererte tekstene sammenlignet med generelle modeller. Vi finner også at menneskelig involvering påvirkes ved bruk av skreddersydd LLM. Selv om skreddersydde modeller krever mindre involvering, er menneskelig dømmekraft nødvendig for å vurdere og korrigere utdata. Studien adresserer med utgangspunkt i funnene hvordan skreddersydd LLM kan ivareta og forsterke organisasjoners konkurransefortrinn gjennom differensiering, noe som er avgjørende i et marked hvor mange selskaper har tilgang til liknende teknologi. Denne forskningen bidrar til litteraturen om anvendelse av kunstig intelligens i næringslivet ved å dokumentere hvordan skreddersydd tilpasning av teknologi kan føre til merkbare forbedringer i profesjonelle settinger. I tillegg peker studien på begrensninger ved skreddersydd LLM. Avslutningsvis underbygger studien viktigheten av en strategisk tilnærming til AI-integrering, der bedrifter må vurdere både teknologiske, organisatoriske og menneskelige faktorer for å maksimere gevinstene av AI-investeringer

    Retensjonsbonus i møte med en kritisk personellsituasjon

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    Formålet med masteroppgaven er å undersøke om bruk av retensjonsbonus kan øke ståtid (antall års ansettelse) blant yngre offiserer i Forsvaret. For å svare på problemstillingen har vi gjennomført en spørreundersøkelse med 595 respondenter, avholdt åtte dybdeintervjuer og gjennomført en litteraturstudie. Vi finner at 64 % av kadetter og yngre offiserer vurderer å slutte i Forsvaret etter endt plikttid. Tilbøyeligheten til å slutte avhenger av gren, og det er signifikant høyere tilbøyelighet til å ville slutte i Sjøforsvaret og Luftforsvaret enn i Hæren. 96 % av kadetter og offiserer i plikttid mener at lønn er viktig. Samtidig mener kun 30 % at Forsvaret tilbyr en konkurransedyktig lønn, og 89 % tror de kan få bedre lønn i det sivile. Vi finner at offiserene vurderer lønnen som mer konkurransedyktig, jo flere aktivitetsdøgn de har. Det kommer frem at offiserene er villige til å akseptere lavere lønn i Forsvaret enn i det sivile, men at differansen i dag er for stor. Vi identifiserer at flere offiserer ikke opplever at de belønnes tilstrekkelig for innsatsen de legger ned. Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt (FFI) har tidligere avdekket at misnøye med lønnsbetingelser er en av de vanligste sluttårsakene i Forsvaret, og vi finner også misnøye med lav grunnlønn i våre undersøkelser. Tidligere forskning finner støtte for at bonus kan være et kostnadseffektivt virkemiddel for å øke retensjon på kort sikt, og vår forskning støtter opp under dette. 90 % av personellet som vurderer å slutte etter endt plikttid mener at en bonusordning kan bidra til at de blir. En bonusordning vil gjøre Forsvaret mer konkurransedyktig sammenlignet med offiserenes utsidealternativer, og kunne motivere til å bli, ved at belønningen øker relativt til innsatsen. Medianen for hva respondentene oppgir som et passende bonusbeløp for å binde seg til tre, fem eller ti år, er henholdsvis 500 000, 900 000 og 2 000 000 kroner. Vi identifiserer de første fem årene etter endt plikttid som den mest kritiske perioden, og hvor første utbetaling bør skje. Vi finner mindre tro på den langsiktige effekten av en bonusordning, og dette er sammenfallende med annen forskning. For å oppnå langsiktig effekt må bonus kombineres med andre tiltak. Sett i lys av den kommende styrkingen av Forsvaret og organisasjonens omfattende personell- og kompetansemangel, vil imidlertid selv en kortsiktig effekt være svært viktig for Forsvaret. Vi anbefaler innføring av retensjonsbonus som et umiddelbart tiltak for å øke ståtid blant yngre offiserer i den kommende perioden

    To hide or not to hide? How fear and futility affect the decision to report a mistake

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    Even though reporting mistakes could substantially improve work processes and productivity within organisations, employees often hesitate to do so. This paper studies the role of fear (of being fired) and futility (i.e. reports being inconsequential) in explaining such employee silence. Drawing on a principal-agent framework with career concerns, we formalise mistakes as noisy signals of both agent quality and the work environment and show that optimal reporting decisions are affected by fear and futility considerations. We then use a novel experiment to exogenously manipulate the degree of fear and futility and test our theoretical predictions. In a 2x2 between-subject design, we vary the anonymity of reporting and the likelihood of organisational response. Results show that reducing fear and futility are complementary actions. Tackling both significantly increases reporting by about 20pp. This improvement in communication is accompanied by better organisational income, highlighting the value of improved reporting structures for firms and employees

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