Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
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Calibration experiments: an alternative to multi-method approaches for measurement validation in consumer research
No full textMeasurement validation in consumer research is ideally performed within the context of a multi-trait multi-method matrix (MTMM). While statistically well developed, this approach has several shortcomings that limit its domain of application: (1) the requirement for sufficiently unrelated latent variables that can be measured with the same methods, (2) the requirement for conceptually different methods to disambiguate trait from methods, and most seriously (3) the difficulty in identifying a more valid over a less valid method. We compare the MTMM approach to experiment-based calibration, an alternative framework for validating those latent variables that can be externally manipulated. We show how calibration lets researchers make distinctions between even closely related measurement methods, dispenses with the need for unrelated latent variables, and enables optimization of the measurement evaluation procedure itself. Calibration can be an important part of an integrative validity argument in consumer research and, more broadly, across the social sciences
Policing the boundaries of Blackness: How Black and White Americans evaluate racial self-identifications
No full textHow do people assess the authenticity and legitimacy of another person’s racial self-identification? This study explores the racial conceptions held by both Black and White Americans as they decide who they believe can–and cannot–self-identify as Black across a range of contexts. Further, we examine how a person’s responses compare to their perceptions of how other Americans evaluate racial claims. Using a series of survey experiments, we find that respondents privilege the information contained in genetic ancestry tests over and above other attributes, such as self-identification. We do not observe meaningful differences by race in the treatment effects, illustrating the shared nature of these schemas. However, we find a discordance between respondents’ beliefs and their perceptions of how other Americans would respond in similar settings, suggesting that the attributes that people themselves use in both classifications and to judge authenticity differ from their perceptions of the broader social ‘rules’ regarding race
Improving the reliability of the Pavlovian go/no-go task for computational psychiatry research
No full textBackground: The Pavlovian go/no-go task is commonly used to measure individual differences in Pavlovian biases and their interaction with instrumental learning. However, prior research has found suboptimal reliability for computational model-based performance measures for this task, limiting its usefulness in individual-differences research. These studies did not make use of several strategies previously shown to enhance task-measure reliability (e.g., task gamification, hierarchical Bayesian modeling for model estimation). Here we investigated if such approaches could improve the task’s reliability. Methods: Across two experiments, we recruited two independent samples of adult participants (N=103, N=110) to complete a novel, gamified version of the Pavlovian go/no-go task multiple times over several weeks. We used hierarchical Bayesian modeling to derive reinforcement learning model-based indices of participants' task performance, and additionally to estimate the reliability of these measures. Results: In Experiment 1, we observed considerable and unexpected practice effects, with most participants reaching near-ceiling levels of performance with repeat testing. Consequently, the test-retest reliability of some model parameters was unacceptable (range: 0.379–0.973). In Experiment 2, participants completed a modified version of the task designed to lessen these practice effects. We observed greatly reduced practice effects and improved estimates of the test-retest reliability (range: 0.696–0.989). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that model-based measures of performance on the Pavlovian go/no-go task can reach levels of reliability sufficient for use in individual- differences research. However, additional investigation is necessary to validate the modified version of the task in other populations and settings
Citizen Scholar Chapter 5: Peer Review, Unleashed
No full textChapter 5 of the book, Citizen Scholar, published by Columbia University Press in 2025, circulated now for comment and criticism. In this chapter I argue that the participation of citizen scholars in the daily public discourse about science and research represents the contemporary embodiment of the principles of scientific peer review. Rather than undermining the staid standards of peer review, that incisive social media post on a newly published paper takes peer review to a new and necessary level. We can use the weight of our skills and knowledge, and our scholarly reputations, to help everyone assess and employ the flow of research
Data Driven Equation Discovery Reveals Non-linear Reinforcement Learning in Humans
No full textComputational models of reinforcement learning (RL), have significantly contributed to our understanding of human behavior and decision-making. Traditional RL models, however, often adopt a linear approach to updating reward expectations, potentially oversimplifying the nuanced relationship between human behavior and rewards. To address these challenges and explore new models of reinforcement learning, we utilized a novel method of model discovery using equation discovery algorithms. This method, currently used mainly in physics and biology, attempts to capture data by proposing a differential equation from an array of suggested linear and nonlinear functions. Using this novel method, we were able to identify a new model of RL which we termed, the Quadratic Q-Weighted model. The model suggests that reward prediction errors obey nonlinear dynamics and exhibit negativity biases, resulting in an underweighting of reward when expectations are low, and an overweighting of the absence of reward when expectations are high. We tested the generalizability of our model by comparing it to classical models used in 9 published studies. Our model surpassed traditional models in predictive accuracy across eight out of these nine published datasets, demonstrating not only its generalizability but also its potential to offer new insights into the complexities of human learning. This work showcases the integration of a novel behavioral task with advanced computational methodologies as a potent strategy for uncovering the intricate patterns of human cognition, marking a significant step forward in the development of computational models that are both interpretable and broadly applicable
A perspective for investigating the role of play in child development through the lens of behavioural genetics.
No full textThe topic of genetic influence is an understudied area in play research. We propose that play research can draw on behavioural genetics methodologies to investigate individual differences in children’s play. Studies applying behavioural genetic methods seek to understand how genes and the environment work together to impact behaviour, and this is an area that remains relatively unexplored in play research. In doing so, we can extend what is known about the forms, functions and origins of play in child development. To invite play researchers to consider behavioural genetics methods, we share an overview of quantitative genetic methods like twin studies, genome-wide association studies, and polygenic studies and present possible applications to play research. We suggest that variables related to children, their parents, and their genetic propensities can be used to explore linkages between play, child development outcomes and the environment
Blood, it runs in the family: Intergenerational transmission of blood-donor behaviour
No full textParents may, directly and indirectly, influence their children in developing prosocial behaviour. However, it is uncertain to what extent and how blood donor behaviour is transmitted from one generation to the next. We used linked data from the first wave of the Donor InSight Survey and the Dutch blood donor registry (n=23,037) to examine intergenerational transmission of blood-donor behaviour among blood donors in the Netherlands. We found that 38% of the Dutch donor population is part of a blood donor family (i.e., at least two generations of donors in the family). Additionally, our preregistered analyses revealed that three mechanisms are relevant for the transmission of donor behaviour from the parent to the child generation, namely parental blood-donor identity, the number of donations parents made, and the developmental period of the child during which parents donated. The outcomes of our study may be used by blood banks in designing their donor recruitment strategies towards families
Associative development of stress responses and internalizing psychopathology: Advanced methods for understanding multidimensional adaptation across adolescence
No full textThis project is the first of a two-study dissertation being completed by Sarah Perzow. Study 2 is titled "Stress Response Profiles in Low-SES Adolescents: A Replication Study.