Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
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BERTAgent: The Development of a Novel Tool to Quantify Agency in Textual Data
No full textAgency, pertaining to goal-orientation and achievement, is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and behavior. Accordingly, detecting and quantifying linguistic representations of agency is critical for the analysis of human actions, interactions, and social dynamics. Available agency-quantifying computational tools rely on word-counting methods, which are insensitive to the semantic context in which the words are used and consequently are inaccurate in case of polysemy and negation. Additionally, some currently available tools fail to account for differences in the intensity and directionality (valence) of agency. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we present BERTAgent, a novel tool to quantify semantic agency in text. BERTAgent is a computational language model that utilizes the transformers architecture, a popular deep learning approach to natural language processing. BERTAgent was fine-tuned using carefully selected textual data that were evaluated by human coders with respect to the level of conveyed agency. In five validation studies, we demonstrate that BERTAgent outperforms previous solutions in terms of convergent and discriminant validity. Additionally, the detailed description of BERTAgent’s development procedure serves as a tutorial for the advancement of similar tools, providing a blueprint for leveraging the existing lexicographical datasets in conjunction with the deep learning techniques in order to detect and quantify other psychological constructs in textual data.
https://pypi.org/project/bertagent/
https://bertagent.readthedocs.io/
https://github.com/cogsys-io/BERTAgent-SOM/
https://github.com/cogsys-io/bertagent
Concerns about Replicability across Two Crises in Social Psychology
No full textTwice in the history of social psychology has there been a crisis of confidence. The first started in the 1960s and lasted until the end of the 1970s, and the second crisis dominated the 2010s. Drawing on extensive quotes from articles published during both crises, I examine the similarities and differences between these psychological crises. In this first of two articles, I focus on how researchers discussed fundamental concerns about the replicability of findings across the two crises. I reflect on five possible reasons why concerns about failed replications received more attention during the second crisis, the continuing lack of incentives to perform replication studies, and the importance of large-scale research projects to instigate change
Always Look on the Bright Side of Tasks? An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Positive Instructions on Problem Solving.
No full textThe effect of positive thinking on problem-solving poses a puzzle. Some studies show that positivity facilitates problem-solving, whereas others show the opposite. In two pre-registered studies, we investigate how encouragement to think positively influence task execution (i.e., performance and effort) and if positivity entails negative consequences (i.e., mental fatigue and self-esteem). Participants were either encouraged to think positively (experimental group) or to focus on the task (control group), before carrying out a word-search puzzle (Study 1) or solving math problems (Study 2). We hypothesized that participants in the positive group would show impeded performance and reduced effort compared with the control group, but found the opposite. In both studies, the positive group performed better. Furthermore, we did not find support for our hypothesis that positivity would come at the expense of negative consequences. Possible interpretations of the results are discussed. We conclude that positivity facilitates problem-solving in non-complex problems
Instruments designed to capture variation in one population, underestimate relative variation in others
No full textAn underexplored aspect of the construction of psychological instruments is what happens when an instrument is designed to measure psychological constructs in one population and then used to measure similarities and differences between those populations. In this paper, I show that, using typical instrument construction procedures, designing a test for one population overestimates the relative variability in the psychological construct compared to other populations. I apply this concept to better understand differences in the measured variation between groups in the construction and application of intelligence tests for US military soldiers in World War I and children in 1930s Scottland
