275003 research outputs found
Sort by
Unternehmensdokumente erschließen mit RAG
No full textSeit der Einführung von ChatGPT Ende 2022 hat sich der Einsatz generativer KI rasant verbreitet, wobei insbesondere interne Anwendungen und Chatbots, die auf Unternehmensdokumente zugreifen, zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Diese Systeme ermöglichen es Mitarbeitenden, spezifische, meist interne Informationen zu erschließen, ohne detaillierte Kenntnisse über die Informationsstruktur innerhalb der Dokumente und die Dokumentenablage zu benötigen. Die Studie bietet einen kompakten Überblick zu Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), einem aktuellen Ansatz, um »den Chat mit den eigenen Daten« zu realisieren
Enhanced and Scalable RDF Validation Techniques for Dataspaces
No full textWith the exponential growth of data on the Internet, the need to control data, especially after it has been shared, has become increasingly important.Dataspaces promise data sovereignty as a solution to this challenge, providing a decentralized environment where participants can share data while retaining control over its use.In such environments, where descriptive vocabularies and resource descriptions are decentralized and exchanged among participants, ensuring accurate and correct information becomes essential for integrated data use in mature software solutions.Validation principles play a crucial role in ensuring that the diverse information exchanged conforms to specified standards.We enhance validation approaches to facilitate the common shape of information in decentralized environments such as dataspaces.We improve the validation techniques (1) through inference optimization and (2) introducing SHACL-SPARQL shortcut templates for easy expression of commonly used constraints.We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach through runtime measurements and application experiments with a Semantic Web expert.This approach enables accurate and scalable solutions, as shown by our evaluation, which demonstrates the practicality and scalability.Using state-of-the-art techniques such as knowledge inference, our method ensures data quality and usability while maintaining ease of use and inclusion for a wide range of dataspace participants, including non-experts.Our proposed two-step method improves validation techniques by optimizing RDF validation, leading to faster execution times of the validation process and reducing errors when implementing more complex validation shapes
Neurofilament Light Chain Serum Levels Mirror Age and Disability in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjectives To assess neurofilament light chain serum (sNfL) levels in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP-MS). Methods Using a single molecule array, we analyzed sNfL levels in a cross-sectional cohort study of 153 patients with SP-MS hospitalized for rehabilitation in a clinic specialized in the care for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, we investigated the correlation of disease activity with sNfL levels in 36 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS). Results Mean sNfL levels in patients with SP-MS were consistently elevated when compared with age-matched controls and patients with RR-MS. In SP-MS, age dependency of sNfL levels was pronounced, whereas patients with RR-MS younger than 41 years without recent disease activity were not distinguishable from age-matched healthy controls. In a multivariate analysis, clinical disability was a risk factor for elevated sNfL levels in SP-MS, whereas no correlation with comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, or vitamin D serum levels, could be detected. Discussion These findings highlight that measurement of sNfL levels represents a useful tool to assess the extent of neuroaxonal damage as a surrogate for clinical progression in patients with SP-MS, when age and disease activity as major confounders are taken into account.11
Is JAK inhibition an option in the treatment of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis? Ist JAK-Hemmung eine Option in der Behandlung der interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung bei einer rheumatoiden Arthritis?
No full text495499A 69-year-old male patient with seropositive erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presented to our clinic due to progressive dyspnea. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and immunological bronchioalveolar lavage revealed ground-glass opacities and a lymphocytic alveolitis caused by interstitial lung disease (ILD) in RA. Considering previous forms of treatment, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment was switched to tofacitinib. Tofacitinib treatment demonstrated a 33% reduction in ground-glass opacities by artificial intelligence-based quantification of pulmonary HRCT over the course of 6 months, which was associated with an improvement in dyspnea symptoms. In conclusion, tofacitinib represents an effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic option in the treatment of RA-ILD.83
EUFOREUM Berlin 2023: Optimizing care for type 2 inflammatory diseases from clinic to AI: A pediatric focus
No full textThe European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airways diseases (EUFOREA) organized its bi-annual forum EUFOREUM in Berlin in November 2023. The aim of EUFOREUM 2023 was to highlight pediatric action plans for prevention and optimizing care for type 2 inflammatory conditions starting in childhood, with a focus on early-stage diagnosis, ensuring neither under- nor overdiagnosis, optimal care, and suggestions for improvement of care. EUFOREA is an international not-for-profit organization forming an alliance of all stakeholders dedicated to reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic respiratory diseases through the implementation of optimal patient care via educational, research, and advocacy activities. The inclusive and multidisciplinary approach of EUFOREA was reflected in the keynote lectures and faculty of the virtual EUFOREUM 2023 (www.euforea.eu/euforeum) coming from the pediatric, allergology, pulmonology, ENT, dermatology, primary health care fields and patients around the central theme of type 2 inflammation. As most type 2 inflammatory conditions may start in childhood or adolescence, and most children have type 2 inflammation when suffering from a respiratory or skin disease, the moment has come to raise the bar of ambitions of care, including prevention, remission and disease modification at an early stage. The current report provides a comprehensive overview of key statements by the faculty of the EUFOREUM 2023 and the ambitions of EUFOREA allowing all stakeholders in the respiratory field to be updated and ready to join forces in Europe and beyond. (Figure presented.).35
Leaky-Wave Antenna With Dielectric Structures Based on the Holographic Principle
No full text441444A novel combination of leaky-wave antenna patterns based on the holographic principle and dielectric leaky-wave structures is presented. An impedance modulation of the phase pattern found is done via height variation on a grounded dielectric slab. Full-wave simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the functionality of the proposed design in the frequency range 33 GHz to 37 GHz, where the antenna scans linear polarized from -10° to 9° with a realized gain between 22 dBi and 23 dBi
Glaucoma: ecological comparison of disposable and reusable measuring bodies for applanation tonometry according to Goldmann
No full textHintergrund: Die Messung des intraokularen Druckes (IOD) nach Goldmann stellt den Goldstandard für die Tonometrie in der Glaukomdiagnostik dar. Der Einsatz von Mehrweg- anstelle von Einwegmesskörpern hat hierbei das Potenzial, Umweltwirkungen zu reduzieren und einen positiven Beitrag zur Circular Economy zu leisten. Ziel der Arbeit: Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den ökologischen Mehrwert von Mehrweg- im Vergleich zu Einwegmesskörpern für die Applanationstonometrie nach Goldmann zu analysieren, um das Potenzial zur Reduktion der Umweltwirkungen in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen zu quantifizieren. Material und Methoden: Zur Bewertung der potenziellen Umweltwirkungen der Verwendung von Einweg- und Mehrwegmesskörpern für die Applanationstonometrie nach Goldmann wurde eine Ökobilanz in Anlehnung an die ISO-Normen 14040/44 durchgeführt. Die produktspezifischen Treibhausgaseinsparungen wurden anschließend exemplarisch für eine Glaukomsprechstunde am Universitätsklinikum Erlangen sowie für Gesamtdeutschland skaliert. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich durch den Wechsel von Einweg- zu Mehrwegmesskörpern 44% der mit den Messkörpern assoziierten Treibhausgasemissionen einsparen lassen. Absolut betragen die Treibhausgaseinsparungen 5,6 g CO2-Äq. pro IOD-Messung. Für das Universitätsklinikum Erlangen ergeben sich pro Jahr 117 kg CO2-Äq. Einsparungen und für Deutschland bis zu 22 t CO2-Äq. bzw. Treibhausgasemissionen von 212 Passagierflügen von Berlin nach Rom. Zudem hat die Analyse gezeigt, dass Mehrwegmesskörper durch den Reinigungsaufwand in einigen Umweltwirkungskategorien zu Mehrbelastungen führen. Besonders relevant sind hier die Desinfektionsflasche und die Tücher, die zum Trocknen der Mehrwegmesskörper verwendet werden. In Summe ist ein Wechsel von Einweg- auf Mehrwegmesskörper aus Umweltsicht sinnvoll.Online Firs
Conformational variability in the D2 loop of Plasmodium Apical Membrane antigen 1
No full textApical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) plays a vital role in the invasion of the host erythrocyte by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium. It is thus an important target for vaccine and anti-malaria therapeutic strategies that block the invasion process. AMA1, present on the surface of the parasite, interacts with RON2, a component of the parasite's rhoptry neck (RON) protein complex, which is transferred to the erythrocyte membrane during invasion. The D2 loop of AMA1 plays an essential role in invasion as it partially covers the RON2-binding site and must therefore be displaced for invasion to proceed. Several structural studies have shown that the D2 loop is very mobile, a property that is probably important for the function of AMA1. Here we present three crystal structures of AMA1 from P. falciparum (strains 3D7 and FVO) and P. vivax (strain Sal1), in which the D2 loop could be largely traced in the electron density maps. The D2 loop of PfAMA1-FVO and PvAMA1 (as a complex with a monoclonal antibody Fab) has a conformation previously noted in the P. knowlesi AMA1 structure. The D2 loop of PfAMA1-3D7, however, reveals a novel conformation. We analyse the conformational variability of the D2 loop in these structures, together with those previously reported. Three different conformations can be distinguished, all of which are highly helical and show some similarity in their secondary structure organisation. We discuss the significance of these observations in the light of the flexible nature of the D2 loop and its role in AMA1 function.1
Modelling the Decarbonisation and Digitalisation Transition in Logistics Systems
No full text179194The most important development in shaping the future of logistics is digitalisation, but while digitalisation and decarbonisation are extensively discussed in industry and scientific literature, there are no comprehensive visions of a digitalised, decarbonised logistics system. This chapter addresses the challenges of this transition management process, by framing and illustrating it with quantified scenarios for the future. As a starting point for the autonomous evolution of logistics systems, i.e., without considering politically driven decarbonisation targets, we take the vision of the physical internet. We critically assess this vision with respect to its potential to autonomously bring about the desired levels of decarbonisation. The remaining gap towards targets needs to be actively managed. We develop a transition scenario to complement the physical internet with decarbonisation incentives and assess their combined deployment in the freight system using a quantitative model that simulates transitions in the logistics system
Printed Primary Battery in a Rolled-Up Form Factor
No full textIn battery systems, there are several established form factors targeting mass market applications, like D, C, AA, AAA series, lithium round cells, and coin cells. Besides these standardized batteries, in printed electronics, there are several approaches to realize flat batteries of different material systems fabricating primary and secondary battery types. For a dedicated application in agriculture, a sensor system requires a degradable primary battery. In this paper, the development of a dedicated zinc–carbon battery is described, supplying the sensor application with 4.5 Vnom. The battery has a 170 mm length and a 23 mm outer diameter. while the inner core is open for the antenna system of the application. The active area is up to 161 cm2. The design and manufacturing aspects are described. The rolled-up battery system is fully charged after manufacturing and ready to operate. It may remain inside the degradable sensor system after use in the field.8