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Early Multimodal Data Integration for Data-Driven Medical Research - A Scoping Review
No full text4958Introduction Data-driven medical research (DDMR) needs multimodal data (MMD) to sufficiently capture the complexity of clinical cases. Methods for early multimodal data integration (MMDI), i.e. integration of the data before performing a data analysis, vary from basic concatenation to applying Deep Learning, each with distinct characteristics and challenges. Besides early MMDI, there exists late MMDI which performs modality-specific data analyses and then combines the analysis results. Methods We conducted a scoping review, following PRISMA guidelines, to find and analyze 21 reviews on methods for early MMDI between 2019 and 2024. Results Our analysis categorized these methods into four groups and summarized group-specific characteristics that are relevant for choosing the optimal method combination for MMDI pipelines in DDMR projects. Moreover, we found that early MMDI is often performed by executing several methods subsequently in a pipeline. This early MMDI pipeline is usually subject to manual optimization.Discussion Our focus was on structural integration in DDMR. The choice of MMDI method depends on the research setting, complexity, and the researcher team's expertise. Future research could focus on comparing early and late MMDI approaches as well as automating the optimization of MMDI pipelines to integrate vast amounts of real-world medical data effectively, facilitating holistic DDMR
Perforation of polymer matrix composite materials subjected to high-energy laser
No full textComposite materials are increasingly used in both, civil and military aerospace structures. High-energy lasers are currently developed and deployed to the military forces of various countries around the globe. It is therefore of importance to understand how composite materials react to high-energy laser irradiation. This manuscript collects the publicly available data with focus on perforation times. As data in these manuscripts is not presented in a uniform fashion, comparisons are difficult. Therefore, the data is transformed into data sets that can directly be correlated. The data presented in this manuscript displays the relationship between laser power and volume removal rate, thus eliminating effects of target thickness or beam diameter
Lanadelumab in Patients 2 to Less Than 12 Years Old With Hereditary Angioedema: Results From the Phase 3 SPRING Study
No full text201211.e6Background: Symptoms of hereditary angioedema (HAE) often first occur during childhood, and HAE attacks in children can be severe and substantially affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, there are no approved long-term prophylaxis treatments for children aged less than 6 years. Objective: The SPRING Study (NCT04070326) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of lanadelumab and HRQoL in patients aged 2 to less than 12 years. Methods: Over 52 weeks of treatment, patients aged 2 to less than 6 years received lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) and patients aged 6 to less than 12 years received 150 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) but could switch to Q4W if they were attack-free for 26 weeks. Results: We enrolled 21 patients (aged 2 to less than 6 years: n = 4; aged 6 to less than 12 years: n = 17), 20 of whom completed the study. There were no reported serious treatment-emergent adverse events or discontinuations resulting from such events. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported for 17 patients (81.0%). The most common TEAE was injection site pain. Overall systemic exposure was comparable for both age groups. The mean (SD) attack rate during treatment decreased by 94.8% from baseline (1.84 [1.53] to 0.08 [0.17] attacks/mo), and 16 (76.2%) patients were attack-free. The attack rate reduction in both age groups was similar during the first 26-week fixed-dosing treatment. Seven patients switched from Q2W to Q4W and remained attack-free. A large, clinically meaningful increase in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scale Total Score and a large increase in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scale–Family Impact Module Total Score from baseline to end of study (better HRQoL) were observed. Conclusions: Findings support safety, efficacy, and improved HRQoL with lanadelumab 150 mg Q2W and Q4W regimens for the prevention of HAE attacks in patients aged 2 to less than 12 years.12
Analysis of the Position-dependent Vibration behaviour of an Industrial 6-axis Robot and Combined FE-based Modelling of the Mechanical Frequency Responses
No full text4855Industrial robots (IR) are a cost-effective and highly flexible alternative to machining centres. Nevertheless, their use for separating processes in production technology is limited because of their low structural rigidity, which results in comparatively low accuracies. The vibration behaviour of the robots is a major challenge to increasing accuracy, as it can vary significantly depending on the position of the tool centre point (TCP) in the workspace. To apply vibration compensation, it is necessary to be able to describe the vibration behaviour of the robot with sufficient accuracy. This article presents a new approach, utilising parametric FEM simulation to generate a state space description of the robot. The simulation captures the pose-dependent vibration behaviour of each axis, which is then integrated into a downstream system simulation, resulting in a comprehensive description of the robot's vibration behaviour. After being finely tuned, the model demonstrates excellent alignment with the experimentally determined behaviour. Hence, the robot's vibration behaviour in the workspace can be holistically described, which is a decisive advantage over the limited possibilities of experimental identification.265
A general deterministic model of ordinary differential equations for a broad variety of different diseases
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic underscored the pivotal role of mathematical models in comprehending pandemic dynamics and making accurate predictions under diverse interventions. Various mathematical models, particularly deterministic ones, have proven valuable for analyzing the impact of political, social, and medical measures during ongoing pandemics. In this study, we aim to formulate and characterize a comprehensive model applicable to different infectious diseases. Reviewing numerous disease-specific models reveals a common foundation in the Kermack–McKendrick model (SIR model). While there are more general versions incorporating population dynamics, vector populations, and vaccination, none encompass all attributes simultaneously. To address this gap, we propose a comprehensive general model capable of accommodating different transmission modes, pandemic control measures, and diverse pathogens. Unlike disease-specific models, having such a pre-established model with foundational mathematical properties analyzed eliminates the need to reevaluate these characteristics for each new disease-specific model. This article presents our comprehensive general model, supported by mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, offering a versatile tool for understanding the dynamics of emerging infectious diseases and guiding intervention strategies. The applicability of the model is demonstrated through simulations.18
High Resolution Bistatic ISAR Imaging of Space Objects
No full text13451350Monostatic ISAR (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar) imaging provides high-resolution images of objects based on their relative motion with respect to the radar system. These images can be used for satellite identification and characterization. The addition of a bistatic receiver can complement monostatic imaging by providing a different observation geometry. This paper presents preliminary results of a bistatic trial between the TIRA radar system in Germany and the receiver PRISME located in France. The data collected during the trials was used to generate simultaneous high-resolution monostatic and bistatic ISAR images of several satellites. More specifically, the paper examines the challenges posed by the temporal and frequency desynchronization of the two systems. It then assesses the potential of bistatic imaging for space observation
An AI-Based, Error-Bounded Compression Scheme for High-Frequency Power Quality Disturbance Data
No full textThe implementation of modern monitoring systems for power quality disturbances have the potential to generate substantial amounts of data, reaching a point where transmission and storage of high-frequency measurements become impractical. This research paper addresses this challenge by presenting a new, AI-based data compression method. It is based on existing, multi-level compression schemes; however, it uses state-of-the-art technologies, such as autoencoders, to improve the performance. Furthermore, it solves the problem that such algorithms usually cannot ensure an error bound. The scheme is tested on synthetically generated power quality disturbance samples. The evaluation is performed using different metrics such as final compression rate and overhead size. Compression rates between 5 and 68 were achieved depending on the error bound and noise level. Additionally, the impact of the compression on the performance of subsequent algorithms is determined by applying a classification algorithm to the decompressed data. The classification accuracy only declined by 0.8-11.9 %, depending on the chosen error bound
Ti-Nb alloy coatings for anode PTLs in PEM water electrolyzers
No full textOne of the most cost-intensive components of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) are the anode-side Porous Transport Layers (PTLs), often comprised of titanium with a noble metal coating such as platinum. Replacing the noble metal coating is crucial to reduce the manufacturing costs of PEM electrolyzers. This study aims to replace conventional platinum coatings with titanium-niobium alloy coatings using magnetron sputtering. To evaluate the performance and stability of the coated PTLs, laboratory-scale tests have been conducted with PEMWE single cells. Post-mortem analysis of the PTLs included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and resistance measurements. So far, the best results were achieved with alloy coatings consisting of 94 at.% titanium and 6 at.% niobium, as these coatings enabled stable PEMWE operation for 144 h at 2.0 V. TEM confirms that niobium is incorporated into the growing oxide scale. We assume that the pentavalent niobium atoms serve as donator sites in the oxide increasing its electric conductivity.66
Robust Design of Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Interfacing Algorithms using Passivity Theory
No full textPower Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) has gained popularity in academic and industrial applications due to its flexibility in testing hardware. PHIL connects a physical hardware under test (HuT) to a real-time simulation via an interface that includes an interfacing algorithm (IA) and a power amplifier. Developing this interface is challenging due to the limited bandwidth of the components and delays in the system, although there are many approaches in the literature. Most face limitations when considering applications where the characteristics of the HuT are unknown. But a well-designed interface is crucial for stable and accurate operation. Based on the idea of passivity theory, this paper proposes an assessment and design method that helps to implement a robust IA. The aim is to shape the input impedance of the PHIL setup without HuT in such a way that it provides sufficient positive damping. The concept is illustrated using an example and verified with the help of simulations
Aging of Insulation Materials under Repetitive Impulse Voltage Stress
No full text526531State-of-the-art fast semiconductors can create very high dv/dt during switching transition. These switching slopes reach values between 100 kV/μs and 250 kV/μs which result in a significantly higher stress in comparison to conventional setups in the range of 20 kV/μs. Together with high repetitive rates, this stress can damage insulation material and leads to partial discharges and electrical breakdown. The paper describes testing methods and results for two typical insulation materials. Degradation and break-down mechanisms are analyzed with short term and accelerated lifetime tests