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Building Positive Mindset of the Younger Generation about Agroforestry through Behavioral Approach
Get PDFFor Maluku’s people, agroforestry is not a new thing because it has been done since long time ago, known as Dusung. As a local wisdom, agroforestry has great benefits not only in economic aspect but also in social and environment maintenance aspects, especially in the archipelago region with small islands. Day by day, people tend to replace agroforestry systems with intensive land management system that emphasizes productivity of the land without doing environmental preservation. If this condition continues, the negative impact that appears will be greater than its positive impact, therefore, agroforestry system needs to be preserved. This study aims to identify the mindset of the younger generation of agroforestry and efforts should be made to build a positive mindset of the younger generation about agroforestry. The study was conducted on 50 students of Pattimura University and 50 students of senior high school in Ambon City. Qualitative descriptive analysis of the data showed that most of young generation didn’t understand about agroforestry, therefore didn’t feel responsible in maintaining the sustainability of agroforestry systems. In response to these conditions, the behavioral approach can be one approach to build a positive mindset for the younger generation about agroforestry because mindset can’t be separated from behavior
Dietary Composition and Food Preference of African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) in and around Chebra Churchura National Park, Ethiopia
Get PDFSeasonal dietary composition and food habits of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) were studied in Chebra Churchura National Park, Ethiopia. Plant species consumed by elephants were studied by examination of fresh feeding signs following focal groups of elephants using opportunistic direct feeding observations and the observation of elephant feeding sign on food trails (elephant feeding routes). Elephant feeding sign survey was conducted by scoring the different signs according to the frequency of species with feeding signs and part of the plant consumed. Elephants consumed a total of 109 plant species belonging to 34 families (not including crops). 99 species were recorded using feeding signs observation and day time feeding records in focal sample observation, while the remaining 10 species were recorded as consumed feeding sign. Family Fabaceae contributed the largest (13.42%), proportion of their diet while Solanaceae is the least (0. 37%). Based on the overall percentage contribution, Phoenix reclinata was the most consumed plant species which accounted for 1.95%. Oxytenanthera abyyssinica ranked second (1.85%). Seasonal availability of 23 foraged species was observed in the diet of elephants during the wet season but absent during the dry season. 86 forage pecies were available to the elephant populations, both during the wet and dry seasons. In CCNP, out109 of the species, 44 plant species were grazed and browsed intensively (?1%) by elephants and these covered 54.3 % of the diet of elephants
Literature Review: COVID-19 Management at Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics
Get PDFCOVID-19 is a worldwide medical problem affecting majority of people with different age groups, where family medicine outpatient clinics is the first line in detecting and managing this medical issue, we tried to put our hands to explore the way of management of COVID-19 at the family medicine outpatient clinics where it’s containing mainly supportive treatment in addition to Paxlovid, Molnupiravir as required and as needed according to the patient and his medical condition
Board of Directors Characteristics and Disclosure Tone During Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Indonesia
Get PDFThis research aims to examine whether board characteristic affect disclosure tone during covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Population of this research are companies that affected by covid-19 pandemic. Total samples are 85 companies. The sampling technique was stratified random sampling method. To measure disclosure tone, researcher use content analysis of board of director statement in annual report 2020. Based on data analysis result, only board of directors’ age that have effect on disclosure tone. Our result showed that the older directors tends to use less positive disclosure tone. Meanwhile, board size, board gender diversity, board meeting and board financial expertise has no effect on disclosure tone. This research is expected to make contribution for accounting literature, especially voluntary disclosure area and also has practical implication by giving an overview related disclosure tone in crisis situation for Indonesian companies
Contributing Factors to the Resurgence of Leprosy Cases in Timor-Leste
Get PDFLeprosy is a chronic, ancient, and communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), can damage skin and peripheral nerves.[1] In 1991, the 44th World Health Assembly set a target for the elimination of leprosy from the world as a public health problem by 2000. Elimination was defined as a prevalence of less than 1 case per 10 000 populations. [2] In 2019 WHO report reveal only 200 000 Leprosy cases were reported from 118 countries.[3] Timor Leste declared elimination of Leprosy as Public Health Problem in 2011, but soon after that Leprosy cases were increased again.[4] New case detection rate increased from 6.3 (2012) to 8.1 per 100,000 (2019).[5] The Majority (86,7%) of new cases were reported from 5 municipalities of Oecusse, Baucau, Dili, Manatuto, Ainaro .[6]
Objectives: We conducted this study to identify contributing factors to the resurgence of Leprosy cases in the four Municipalities of Timor Leste. Cross-sectional Study with quantitative analytical approaches was used for this study. We enrolled 403 participants from 12 Community Health Centers in the 4 municipalities that reported high prevalence of Leprosy cases.About 68.5% of participants interviewed reported Leprosy cases, being male, mostly affected productive ages group, and with unknown income. Three health system components of stewardship, ICT, and Services Delivery were found to be associated with the resurgence of Leprosy cases. Delaying in making decision and delaying in accessing Leprosy care were contributing to the increased of Leprosy cases in the community. Leprosy patients experience high level of stigma and received less family and community support. Strengthening the active case finding with bacteriological confirmation by trained health professional; early commencing Rifampicin Preventive Therapy for close contacts; and engaging family and community in health promotion on Leprosy are important recommendations derived from this study. This study was conducted from September 1 to December 31, 2021 and enrolled 403 participants. About 68.5% of participants reported Leprosy cases in the community. Stewardship, Financial, ICT; and delays in making decision to visit health facilities were associated the resurgence of Leprosy cases in Timor Leste.
Study of the Major Risk Factors Associated with Bronchial Asthma in Children in Georgia
Get PDFBronchial asthma is an important health problem worldwide. Identification of asthma risk factors is important in asthma management. A better study of risk factors provides an opportunity for primary prevention of asthma. Assessment of the symptoms, severity, and control of bronchial asthma in children living in different regions of Georgia, identification of the risk factors and their relationship to asthma severity, and asthma control.
Observational, cross-sectional study. Data were collected in 2017 - 2020 from M. Iashvili Children\u27s Central Hospital, as well as from Batumi and Zugdidi Referral Hospitals. In the research participated 507 children aged 2 to 18 diagnosed with asthma. The research tool was a set of questionnaires consisting of the following questionnaires: 1) General questionnaire - a basic, general questionnaire that included information about the asthma of the participants; 2) The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM (Peds QL), Asthma Module (Version 3.0, Short Form (SF 22)). Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Peds QL), Asthma Module (Version 3.0, Short Form (SF 22)); 3) The Peds QL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale; 4) The Peds QLTM Family Impact Module; 5) Asthma control test (ACT) or the childhood Asthma-Control Test (C-ACT);
Asthma severity and control are significantly associated with a genetic factor. Children whose mothers had bronchial asthma (31.6%) had a severe form of asthma, and children whose fathers had bronchial asthma made up 57.1%.
Being overweight is associated with both, asthma severity and asthma control. 1/3 of the overweight children had severe (18%) and moderate (12.6%) asthma. As for asthma control, 13.2% of the overweight patients had uncontrolled and 4.4% had partially controlled asthma.
In children with a smoking mother the incidence of a severe form of asthma is 6.25 times higher than in the case of a non-smoking mother. In smoking father, the incidence of severe asthma was 9.9 times higher than in the case of a non-smoking father. 33.7% of children of smoking mothers and 19% of smoking fathers were diagnosed with severe forms of asthma. As for asthma control, 17.3% of the children of smoking mothers had uncontrolled asthma, while the children of smoking fathers made up 16, 15%.
41.3 % had severe asthma with concomitant allergic diseases (4.9% of children with concomitant allergic rhinitis, 14.7% with food allergies, and 21.7% with mixed allergies). Uncontrolled forms were most often detected in children with concomitant mixed allergies (30.4%).
Home humidity, type of flooring, and type of fuel used were also associated with asthma severity and its control; the presence of dampness was strongly correlated with both severe forms of asthma as well as poor control. The presence of carpet was associated with more severity than control, and the presence of linoleum was associated with both severity and control. Severe asthma was correlated with firewood use.
Severe and uncontrolled forms of asthma were correlated with family income as well as parental education. Child asthma is a family burden; 100% of the parents of the participants said that they had difficulties in the family due to the child\u27s asthma, such as anxiety and depressive mood (63%), financial (12%), and other difficulties (25%).
Finally; Identification of risk factors plays an important role in controlling asthma. Correctly managed bronchial asthma ensures a reduction in the impact of asthma on the quality of life of both the child and the entire family
Different Patterns of HIV Expansion Between High-income and Non-rich Countries and the Potential Drivers during the 1980s
Get PDFDisease dynamics theory predicts that after the introduction of an infected individual into a susceptible population, the number of infected individuals will grow exponentially until a point at which the depletion of the susceptible class starts to affect the rate of increase of the infectious class. The disease then starts to self-limit its own rate of increase towards an equilibrium with the size of the infectious population. Here, we explored whether the HIV dynamics described exponential growth as theoretically predicted during the 1980s decade for 64 countries. We focused on the HIV population rate of change per infectious individual ( RHIV ) of the infectious class. We used nonlinear regression between HIV infectious class size and RHIV to determine the dynamic behavior of HIV. The prevalence of HIV increased exponentially in most countries, except for high-income countries. The world during the 1980s could be separated into two groups based on HIV dynamics at the country scale.
We performed a multivariate analysis with variables mentioned in the HIV literature to explore the preexisting scenarios that could influence this global separation with regard to HIV dynamics. Poverty levels, malaria burden, the prevalence of men who have sex with men, the prevalence of sex workers, the modes of transmission (HIV subtypes) and the urbanization process could interact to explain the differences among countries with regard to HIV dynamics. The results suggest that during the 1980s, we could divide the world into two groups based on the HIV exponential (non-rich countries) and logistic growth patterns (high-income countries)
Nature-inspired Algorithms as a Part of the Biomimetic Architecture: A Brief Discussion
Get PDFBiomimetic architecture is mainly derived from biological phenomena. It is a significant method to solve architectural design and engineering problems. Biomimicry aims to mimic biological concepts and behaviors and apply them in buildings. Biomimetic architecture methods are presently classified into three levels: the organism level, the organism behavior, and the ecosystem level. This paper contributes to conceptualizing a novel approach that leverages the capabilities of biomimetic architecture. The proposed architectural method is composed of two main modules: direct and indirect mimication. This novel method is elaborated through the thematic analysis method by a brief discussion. This research\u27s main finding is the novel biomimetic architecture method
The Use of Blended Cinder Aggregates for Concrete Mixes
Get PDFThe study to design concrete by using cinder blended aggregates was conducted in Mbeya Region Tanzania. Cinder aggregates were blended with crushed stones aggregates for concrete mixes. In Mbeya Region there are abundant volcanic materials which are pozzolan, cinders and pumices. The study involved characterization of source aggregates and for blended aggregates. The materials used for this study were natural cinder aggregates from Ituha, Crushed stone aggregates from Mbalizi and excavated pit sands from Ituha. The binder used was CEMI 32.5N manufactured by Tembo Lafarge Cement Company Limited.
The results from strength and physical properties tests of aggregates indicated that Ituha cinder aggregates have low strength, low specific gravity and high water absorption compared to Mbalizi crushed stone aggregates. The strength results for Ituha cinder aggregates are 75kN for TFV, 38.76% for ACV and 48. 26% for AIV. The results of SG, WA, EI and FI for Ituha cinder aggregates are 1.77, 3.31%, 19.82% and 12.88% respectively. The strength results for Mbalizi crushed stones aggregates are 240kN for TFV, 15.82% for ACV and 18. 30% for AIV. The results of SG, WA, EI and FI for Mbalizi crushed stone aggregates are 2.63, 0.87%, 34.41% and 12.60% respectively. The SG and WA for Ituha pit sand are 2.44 and 3.18% respectively.
Sieve analysis for Ituha cinder aggregates, Mbalizi crushed stone aggregates and Ituha pit sands were conducted. The aggregates and sands were blended together to get six blended sample materials targeting the selected aggregate envelopes for concrete mixes. The concrete were prepared for two different cement contents of 350kg/m3 and 450kg/m3 mixed at W/C ratio of 0.55. Due to high demand of mixing water the super plasticizer at 2.5% and 3% for cement content of 450kg/m3 and 350kg/m3 respectively were added to fresh concrete. The concretes were cured under water for 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days. The results for compressive strength indicated that the compressive strengths increased with increasing curing period and increased amount of Mbalizi crushed aggregates and cement contents. The compressive strength of concrete specimens mixed at cement content of 350kg/m3 cured for 28days are 23.8MPa for 55IPS45MCA00ICA, 22.3MPa for 50IPS36MCA14ICA, 20.7MPa for 45IPS27MCA28ICA, 18.4MPa for 40IPS18MCA42ICA, 18.0MPa for 35IPS09MCA56ICA and 16.6MPa for 30IPS00MCA70ICA. The compressive strength of concrete mixed at cement content of 450kg/m3 cured for 28days are 27.8MPa for 55IPS45MCA00ICA, 29.0MPa for 50IPS36MCA14ICA, 26.1MPa for 45IPS27MCA28ICA, 24.6MPa for 40IPS18MCA42ICA, 22.9MPa for 35IPS09MCA56ICA and 22.2MPa for 30IPS00MCA70ICA. But also densities of cured concrete specimens for both cement contents increased with increased curing periods and amount of Mbalizi crushed aggregates. The increase in compressive strength with increased curing period and Mbalizi crushed aggregates is because of development of cementitious compound and high resistance against crushing. For this study for easy blending process of aggregate materials, the blending model have been developed, the model uses median particle size (MS) and grading factor (GF) as variables. To make use of strength of aggregate materials, the prediction model of compressive strength of 28days cured concrete specimens was developed. The model uses TFV, SG and cement content as variables
MHD Flow of Fractionalized Jeffrey Fluid with Newtonian Heating and Thermal Radiation Over a Vertical Plate
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of heat absorption/generation and mass diffusion on magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) Jeffrey fluid flow over a perpendicular plate moving exponentially immersed in a porous media. The Newtonian heating condition are udes for the fluid motion. The impact of thermal radiation is used in the energy equation. The two types of magnetic field have been evaluated. The main purpose of present work is to acquire the analytical solution with the help of Atangana-Baleanu (AB), Caputo, and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives. We have drawn a graphical comparison between the solutions of these three types of fractional models of jeffery fluid. Graphs of different parameters have been also plotted using MathCad software. Furthermore, comparison among ordinary and fractionalized velocity fields are made to observe the impact of fractional parameter . It is clear from graph that velocity obtained with ordinary derivative is higher than that obtained with fractional derivatives. It is also found that velocity obtained with Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative is smaller than that obtained with Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives. Therefore, Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative is the best choice to obtain controlled velocity