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EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON FECAL MICROBIOTA, TOTAL CHOLESTEROL,TRIGLYCERIDES AND BILE ACIDS IN RATS.
Get PDFBackground: Probiotics (LAB) are normal components of the intestinal micro-flora in both humans and animals and its ingestion in decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis. In addition, the potential health effects of LAB were investigated by monitoring changes in intestinal micro-flora and lipid metabolism in a rat model.
Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly assigned into four treatments and fecal samples were obtained on days 1, 3, 5, 9 and 14,to evaluate fecal micro biota, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and bile acids in rats (TBA).
Results: The results indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum strain L.p X3-2B increased fecal lactic acid bacteria(LAB) and Bifidobacterium while resisting the growth of harmful bacteria. Viable counts of LAB and Bifidobacterium reached 8 log cfu/mL after feeding for 14 days. Fecal pH in the control group was high in comparison with the treatments at all times. Treatment increased the excretion of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and total bile acid (TBA). The results indicate that LAB and Bifidobacterium induce a positive correlation with fecal TC, TG and TBA and a negative correlation with fecal Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and Escherichia coli.
Conclusion: Lactic acid bacteria screened from Inner Mongolia native meat sausages in China had cholesterol-lowering effect
WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF NAUCLEA LATIFOLIA AND MANIHOT ESCULENTA LEAF EXTRACTS IN TYPE 1DIABETIC RATS
Get PDFBackground: This study was designed to ascertain this claim and to investigate the possible mechanism of action in relation to their phytochemical
contents, using crude extracts of N. latifolia and M. esculenta leaves on topical wound in a rat model of Type 1 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: The leaves were air-dried under shade and subjected to cold extraction in 95% ethanol. Normoglycaemic male Wistar rats
were subjected to 2-month high-energy diet/ fat emulsion manipulation and injected with alloxan (150 mg/kg BW/day, i. p.). Fasting plasma glucose
was determined after 7 days and rats with values exceeding 200 mg/dl were selected. 16 diabetic rats (120 – 180 g) were randomly assigned to four
groups of four animals each. Wound was inflicted on the back of each rat by excision method. The crude extracts were topically applied over a period
of 21 days. The scar tissues were removed at 7 days interval for collagen quantification and wound margin reduction was also monitored using
tracing paper.
Results: The crude extracts showed efficient wound healing activity as revealed by increased collagen content (scar tissues versus fresh wound
tissues ab initio). Percentage wound closure also progressed significantly (p< 0.05) upon topical application of the extracts.
Conclusion: The crude extract of N. latifolia leaves has proven to be more potent than that of M. esculenta in wound healing in Type I diabetic rats.
It stimulated wound contraction and collagen formation, making it a promising natural product for further screening in search of new chemical
entities that can be useful in diabetic wound management
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONALLY USED BOSWELLIA SACRA OLEO GUM RESIN (FRANKINCENSE) EXTRACT IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: The water extract of oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia sacra Fleuckiger (Burseraceae) is used in the treatment of liver problems in the
Middle East and Arab-African countries. The present study was carried out to evaluate its effect on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in
acute and chronic liver injury models.
Materials and Methods: The Boswellia sacra extract was administered at doses of 2 ml/kg and 5 ml/kg. Silymarin, a known hepato-protective
agent was used as standard. The extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine the presence of various phyto-constituents.
Results: The Boswellia sacra extract at tested doses of 2 ml/kg and 5 ml/kg significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of biomarkers in liver
damage. The hepatoprotective effect was supported by changes in histopathology. The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of
several phyto-constituents that included menthol, 3-cyclohexen-1-ol and octanoic acid.
Conclusion: The water extract oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia sacra possesses hepatoprotective activity, as claimed by traditional healers within the
Middle East and Arab-African countries
ANTI-GIARDIA ACTIVITY OF HEXANE EXTRACT OF CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA (CHRISTIM) SWINGLE AND SOME OF ITS CONSTITUENTS
Get PDFGiardia lamblia is a parasite that causes giardiasis in humans and other mammals. The common treatment includes different classes of drugs, which were described to produce unpleasant side effects. Citrus aurantifolia, popularly known as lima, is a plant used in the traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-Giardia activity of 10 pure compounds obtained from a hexanic extract of Mexican lime, on the basis of trophozoite growth inhibition. 4-hexen-3-one, citral and geraniol showed IC50 values of 34.2, 64.5 and 229.49 µg/ml in axenic cultures after 24 h of incubation, respectively. The obtained results lead us to propose that these compounds from C. aurantifolia have potential for use as therapeutic agents against giardiasis
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-OXIDANT) OF FRACTIONS AND METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHILONOTIS HASTATA (DUBY WIJK & MARGADANT).
Get PDFBackground: Bryophytes like other lower plants (non-vascular plants) are not traditionally employed for therapeutic purposes. Hence this study evaluated the in vitro anti-oxidant potentials and anti-inflammatory activities of the fractions and methanolic extract of Moss (Philonotis hastata, Duby) with a view to studying its biological activities.
Methods: Plant materials were collected, identified, dried, pulverized and extracted with 70% (v/v) methanol to afford methanolic extract (ME). The ME was fractionated using solvent of increasing polarity and followed by phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions. The anti-oxidant potentials (total phenolics and flavonoids), anti-oxidant activities (DPPH-radical scavenging, reductive power, hydroxyl radical scavenging and ABTS+ radical scavenging) and anti-inflammatory activity (red blood stabilizing) of the extract and fractions were investigated.
Results: Phytochemicals detected included alkaloids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The fractions and methanolic extract exhibited moderate anti-oxidant potentials with various models. The flavonoid contents of the methanol extract and fractions ranged between 1.70 ± 0.05 and 129.70 ± 1.00 mg/g extract RE (Rutin Equivalent) and total phenol content ranged between 1.84 ± 0.62 and 136.25 ± 0.18 mg/g extract TAE (Tannic Acid Equivalent). The reductive power activity ranged between 5.71 ± 0.02 and 40.40 ± 0.30 mg/g Vitamin C equivalent, the hydroxyl radical scavenging (15.54 ± 0.02 to 30.07± 0.29 %), and the ABTS+- radical scavenging activity (11.59 ± 2.85 to 40.50 ± 1.35%). The membrane stabilizing potentials of the fractions and extract (methanol) ranged between 19.19 ± 2.66% and 78.26 ± 2.60%. The activities were comparable to standard anti-inflammatory drugs and chemicals.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that the fractions and methanol extract of P. hastata exhibit moderate, potent and appreciable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions elicited highest activities. As such, bryophytes possess therapeutic potentials and could be employed in the treatment and management of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory disorders
PROLONGED HEATING OF HONEY INCREASES ITS ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL BUT DECREASES ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Get PDFBackground: Honey is renowned for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and medicinal properties. It is typically heated and filtered during processing
to avoid crystallization. However, few studies have reported its heating effect and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of honey.
Materials and Methods: In this study, honey samples were collected from eight different honey-producing sites in Bangladesh and heated to
50ºC, 70ºC and 90ºC for 12 hours, while the antioxidant potentials and antimicrobial properties of the heated samples were compared with those
of the unheated samples. Antimicrobial properties were investigated against one Gram-positive and eight Gram-negative bacteria. Other
physicochemical and biochemical properties were also determined.
Results: Interestingly, there was a proportionate increase in the amount of antioxidant compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) as well as
antioxidant potentials proportional with the amount of heat introduced, whereas the antimicrobial properties of the honey samples were reduced
with increasing heat.
Conclusion: In conclusion, though prolonged heat treatment of honey can increase its antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activities are
compromised
VASCULARIZED FIBULAR GRAFT COMBINED WITH VACUUM ASSISTED CLOSURE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF TIBIAL DEFECTS.
Get PDFBackground: To investigate the application of Flow-through free vascularized fibular graft combined with Vacuum Assisted Closure for the patients
suffering from tibial defects caused by chronic osteomyelitis.
Methods: We retrospectively analysed 20 cases of patients who accepted this operation in the treatment of tibial defects. Among the tibial defects,
six cases resulted from blood stream infection while 14 cases resulted from comminuted fractures. All the patients included in the study were
accompanied with 1 to 3 sinuses. The length of the defects ranged from 6cm to 16cm, with an average of 11.3cm. 6 patients were also faced with soft
tissues defects combined with tendon or bone exposures, and the defects areas ranged from 11cm×7cm to 19cm×14cm. There were 5 patients
suffering from fibular fractures at the same side of the defects. The courses of this disease were 5.5 -15 months, with an average of 9.8 months.
Results: The patients included in the study were followed up from 10 months to 4 years, with an average of 1.9 years. Sinuses of 18 patients healed
within 4 weeks, giving a primary healing rate of 90%. We undertook debridement of the remaining sinuses and they healed within 2 weeks. All skin
flaps grafted to the patients survived, thus the survival rate was 100%. The radiographs indicated that 18 patients had good prognosis and the primary
union time of grafting fibula were from 4 to 8 months, with average of 6.3 months. The healing patients achieved an average of 25.6 points based on
the Enneking evaluation system which was used to evaluate the function of limbs after the operation, indicating that 85.9% of the limb function
recovered. 4 patients required revision surgery for complications resulting from the operation: 1 wound breakdown, 2 bone non-unions, 1 graft
fracture. Infection occurred only as a pin-tract infection, and was controlled with oral antibiotics and repeated dressing; there was no deep infection
out of control in any of these patients.
Conclusion: The flow-through free vascularized fibular graft did not only repair tibial defects, but retained the continuity of trunk vessels. The flowthrough
fibular graft combined with Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) controlled the infection, shortened the course of treatment, and effectively
restored limb function when applied to the treatment of tibial defects
A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY ON CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Get PDFBackground: The aims of this study are to evaluate and summarize the scientific production in the field of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM)
treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods: A systematic bibliometric search was performed based on the PubMed database covering relative publications between January 1,
1995, and December 31, 2014. Core of the search strategy include the key word cardiovascular disease and the Medical Subject Heading
Chinese herbal medicine. The number, type, country, major journals, and research focus of articles were analyzed in accordance with
bibliometrics methodologies.
Results: The retrieve results were analyzed and described in the form of texts, tables, and graphs. A total of 3,826 articles were identified,
40.28% of which were original articles. All articles were from 50 countries/territories. China was ranked first with 2,258 articles, followed by
Japan with 173 articles. 665 articles were published by Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi.
Conclusion: The publication activity of literature has grown rapidly in the past 20 years, indicating enhanced attention and increasing research
input to CHM treatment of CVD. Owing to its great advances in scientific studies, CHM will continue to play an important role in medical
research
ASTRAGALOSIDE IV LIPOSOMES AMELIORATES ADRIAMYCIN-INDUCED NEPHRITIC SYNDROME IN RATS MING-GANG
Get PDFBackground: Radix Astragali was one of the main composition of ‘Modified Danggui Buxue Decoction’ used for treatment of various kidney
diseases. Astragaloside IV was the active composition of Radix Astragali. Astragaloside IV liposomes were used for the treatment of
adriamycin-induced nephropathy (AN) rats. The aim of the study was to study the effect of astragaloside IV liposomes on AN rats, and to test
through regulating the expression of nephrin, integrins and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in renal tissues.
Methods: The rats were given a single tail intravenous injection of adriamycin (6 mg/kg) within 1 weeks, and then divided into four groups
including normal, model, benazepril and astragaloside IV liposomes group. They were all orally administered dosage of benazepril and
astragaloside IV liposomes once daily for 8 weeks.
Results: Astragaloside IV liposomes significantly reduced the proteinuria of AN rats at 28, 42 and 56 days. astragaloside IV liposomes could
increase the mRNA and protein expression of nephrin, integrin α3, down-regulate the expression of ILK to alleviate the podocyte damage and
restore glomerular selective filtration function.
Conclusions: Astragaloside IV liposomes could enhance renal function and protect podocyte to ameliorate the adriamycin-induced nephritic
syndrome
ANTIOXIDANTACTIVITY OF POLYPHENOLS FROM TOONA SINENSIS ROEM SEEDS AND THE INHIBITION OF ALDOSE REDUCTASE
Get PDFBackground: The seeds of Toona sinensis (Juss.) M. Roem (T. sinensis) have long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of different polyphenols fractions from Toona sinensis Roem (T. sinensis) seeds (PTSS) and the inhibition of aldose reductase (AR). Methods: Macroporous resin was used to purify PTSS, and the antioxidant activities were evaluated with total antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging. AR inhibitory activities were investigated by employing various established systems. Results: The polyphenol eluted by 60% alcohol (PTSS3) exhibit the highest antioxidant activity and AR inhibition, with an r value of 0.9924 ± 0.0066 in correlation analysis. The inhibition mechanism of PTSS3 on AR is uncompetitive inhibition. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that PTSS offers potential for intervening diabetes mellitus and its complications