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ETHNOBOTANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne.: A REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Leptadenia pyrotechnica is traditionally used for treating various diseases. This species holds variety of bioactive
constituents that trigger healing properties. The present review was aimed to analyze nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological
activities of L. pyrotechnica.
Materials and Methods: The present review regarding Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne. Is the compilation of data from
the previous research works conducted by various scientists across the world. Various published papers, medicinal plant databases,etc were utilized to compile the information.
Results: L. pyrotechnica is a wonderful desert plant belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae This plant possesses antifungal,
antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, wound healing, anthelmintic, antiatheroscloretic, hypolipidemic, antdiabetic and
hepatoprotective activities coupled with other multifarious uses. Almost all plant parts are used in the traditional medicinal system to treat various disorders.
Conclusion: This review includes the substance of different ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and exclusive capability of this plant in the field of anti-microbial and human disease activities
NEUROTHERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF MANGIFERIN AGAINST HYPOXIC–ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN NEONATAL RATS
Get PDFBackground: Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in perinatal condition is highly associated with mortality and several neurological disabilities. The present experiment was blueprinted to ascertain the protective efficacy of mangiferin (MF) against hypoxic–ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats.
Materials and methods: Fourth six neonatal rats (pubs) were arbitrarily separated into four groups as a sham group that received only water (control; n=12), pubs exposed to Hypoxic–ischemic (HI) insult (HI group-II; n=11), pubs receiving 20 (MF 20+HI-III; n=11) or 40 (MF 40+HI-IV; n=12) mg/kg b. wt of MF dissolved in water via i.p. for 7 consecutive days as pretreatment regimen before HI insult.
Results: MF pretreatment for seven days considerably attenuated the cerebral infarct size, edema level, lipid peroxidation (MDA), inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-p65 subunit) as well as greatly ameliorated the antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GSH) and thereby maintaining the redox balance. The number of viable neuronal count (nissl bodies) was exponentially increased on administration with both the dosages of MF. Both the dosages showed substantial protection against HIE, however, 40 mg of MF exhibit superior neuroprotection in equivalence with 20 mg of MF.
Conclusion: The outcome of the present study distinctly proving the beneficial effect of MF against HIE by concomitantly improving neuronal count and antioxidant status. Hence, we recommend MF might be used for treating neonatal HIE with some standard drugs.
Keywords: Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, Mangiferin, Antioxidant, Inflammation, Neuroprotectiv
MYOCARDIUM PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF SALVIANOLIC ACID B IN ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION RATS
No full textBackground: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) Bunge is one of the widely-used Chinese medicinal herbs. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a
bioactive compound isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and
anti-oxidantive effects.
Material and method: To study the cardioprotective effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion
(MIR) injury rats, on the basis of this investigation, the possible mechanism of salvianolic acid B was elucidated. Male Sprague-
Dawley rats (200–220 g) were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated, MIR, MIR + Sal B (10 mg/kg/day, orally), MIR +
Sal B (20 mg/kg/day, orally) and MIR + Sal B (30 mg/kg/day, orally). Before operation, the foregoing groups were pretreated with
homologous drug once a day for 7 days, respectively. After twelve hours in MIR, the cardioprotective effects of SPJ were evaluated
by infarct size, biochemical values, and the antioxidative and antiapoptotic relative gene expressions.
Results: Sal B significantly improved heart function and decreased infarct size; remarkably decreased levels of serum TNF-α and
IL-1β levels, increased contents of myocardium antioxidant enzymes activities; western blot results showed that Sal B ameliorate the
increased Bax and caspase-3 protins expressions and decreased Bcl-2 proteins expression and ratios of Bcl-2 to Bax.
Conclusion: In ischemic myocardium, oxidative stress caused the overgeneration and accumulation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS), which was central of cardiac ischemic injury. Sal B exerted beneficially cardioprotective effects on myocardial ischemia
injury rats, mainly scavenging oxidative stress-triggered overgeneration and accumulation of ROS, alleviating myocardial ischemia
injury and cardiac cell death
EFFECT OF HARVEST DATE AND STALK SECTION ON SELECTED STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKISH OREGANO (ORIGANUM ONITES L)
Get PDFBackground: The time required to harvest plant crops is important to the plant properties. It is affected by design of the harvest
equipment and the desire for high-quality products with low energy usage.
Materials and Methods: Strength characteristics of Origanum onites L., an important medicinal aromatic plant, harvested on 2, 9,
16 and 23 July, 2012–2014 (H1, H2, H3 and H4, respectively) were measured at the bottom and top sections of the stalk.
Measurements included maximum force, bio-yield force, shearing force, bending stress, shearing stress, shearing energy, and
shearing deformation.
Results: The highest maximum force (35.17 N) was at H4 on the bottom section, and the lowest was at H1 on the top. Maximum
values for bio-yield force, shearing force, and bending stress were at H4 on the bottom section, and corresponding minimum values
were at H1 on the top section. Shearing stress decreased at successive harvest dates for both stalk sections. The minimum shearing
energy was at H4, (0.13 J and 0.06 J for bottom and top, respectively). Strength measurements for bottom sections of the stalk were
greater than those for top sections.
Conclusion: When reduced harvesting force is needed because of harvester design or harvest procedures, harvesting near the top of
the stalk is recommended
EFFECTS AND MECHANISMS OF A NEW MULTIVITAMIN ON CHRONIC METABOLIC SYNDROMES AND AGING
Get PDFBackground: Increased occurrence of chronic syndromes has prompted researchers to investigate and develop drugs
and methods for controlling chronic syndromes with a view to improve human health and reduce early aging.
Material and methods: Human trials: After the allotted multivitamin pills or placebo pills had been taken for a
stipulated period of about 2 months, the volunteers filled out feedback forms on curative effects of the pills in line with
the health examination reports. The effects of the multivitamin on various symptoms or diseases and dysfunctions of
the chronic metabolic syndromes were noted and evaluated based on the information provided in forms.
Animal experiments: Mouse aging model induced by D-galactose were administered the multivitamin by oral gavage
every morning. At the end of the sixth week, activity or content of the components associated with ageing and
anti-aging in the brain and liver of the aging mice were determined to investigate the mechanisms of the new
multivitamin on chronic metabolic syndromes and aging.
Results: We found that multivitamin can eliminate or attenuate 38 types of symptoms or dysfunctions of the
investigated metabolic syndromes; and that it has both preventive and curative/adjunctive therapeutic effects on the
metabolic syndromes. The effects of this multivitamin on components associated with aging and anti-aging were
significantly decreased - malondialdehyde content and monoamine oxidase activity but significantly increased activity
of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. This multivitamin has significant anti-aging effects.
Conclusion: Supplementing with this multivitamin can prevent and provide treatment/ adjunctive therapy for these
chronic metabolic syndromes and delay the aging process
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BIASED COGNITIVE PROCESSING IN ACCIDENTALLY INJURED PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH LEVELS
Get PDFBackground: Various studies have assessed the negative and/or positive changes in the aftermath of traumatic events. Accidental
injuries (such as accidents, injuries, etc.), for its high incidence and disability rate, is easy to cause serious psychological problems
and hinder the physical and psychological rehabilitation of the patients.
Material and Methods: To explore the characteristics of attention bias in accidentally injured patients with different levels of
Posttraumatic growth (PTG), total score of PTG was adopted to screen out 15 high-PTG group and low-PTG group respectively
among accidentally injured patients. Dot probe task was used with positive, negative and neutral facial expression pictures as
experimental materials. An experimental design of 2 (facial expression: positive and negative)×2 (consistency of probe point and
facial expression: consistent and inconsistent)×2 (PTG level: high and low) was employed.
Results: Patients with low PTG level had attention bias toward the negative emotional stimuli, and difficulty in distraction from the
negative emotional pictures. The value of D and DI were both significantly greater than 0 (
TREATMENT OF PROGRESSION OF DIFFUSE ASTROCYTOMA BY HERBAL MEDICINE: CASE REPORT
Get PDFBackground: The paper presents the results of the use of phytotherapy in a 33-year-old woman who, after finishing the oncological
treatment of diffuse astrocytoma, had tumour progression.
Material and methods: Phytotherapy was introduced after the tumour had progressed. It consisted of 4 types of herbal medicine
which the subject was taking in form of tea once a day at regular intervals. The patient started phytotherapy along with
temozolomide, which was the only oncological treatment she was under after the tumour had progressed. Following the finished
chemotherapy, the patient continued the treatment with herbal medicine only. She regularly took phytotherapy without interruption
and to the fullest extent for 30 months, and the results of treatment were monitored by periodic scanning using nuclear magnetic
resonance technique.
Results: The control scanning that was conducted after the end of combined treatment with temozolomide and phytotherapy showed
tumour regression. The patient continued with phytotherapy after finishing chemotherapy and, during the following 24 months, it
was the sole treatment option. In that period, the regression of the tumour continued, until a control examination 30 months after the
introduction of phytotherapy showed no clinical and radiological signs of tumour.
Conclusion: The results presented in this research paper clearly indicate the potential of phytotherapy in the treatment of some types
of brain tumours. A complete regression of tumour following the treatment with nothing but herbal medicine offers support for such
claim. Future research should demonstrate the effectiveness of phytotherapy, as a supplementary form of brain tumour treatment,
and the results of this research should be compared with the existing information on the effectiveness of the protocols currently used
in the treatment of these types of tumour
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Ailanthus excelsa ROXB IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION POST MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: STUDY IN CHRONIC ISCHEMIC RAT MODEL
Get PDFBackground: Thia study evaluates the effects of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb methanolic extract (AER-ME) in rats induced with Myocardial
Infarction (MI) followed by transplantation of MSCs.
Material and Methods: Rats were induced with MI by ligation technique of left coronary artery. The sham-operated the control and
AER-ME treated group of rats received transplantation of PKH-26 and marked MSCs followed by normal saline and AER-ME treatment
(200mg/kg/day of AER-ME extract) respectively for 30 days. Parameters such as cardiac function, inflammation, oxidative stress,
apoptosis and differentiation of MSCs (angiogenesis) were evaluated. Histological studies of infracted myocardium reveled antiinflammatory
activity of AER-ME treatment.
Result and Discussion: Oxidative stress parameters revealed decrease in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase in superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity significantly indicating antioxidant activity of the extract.
There was a reduction in cell death rate of treated rats due to the decrease in apoptotic index with prolongation of MI when compared to
both control and sham-operated groups. The expression of Fas protein was parallel to apoptotic index. The vascular density increased
significantly in extract treated group. The treatment showed improved cardiac activity with decreased left ventricular end diastolic
(LVEDP) and arterial pressure while the left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVEP) and dp/dtmax increased significantly when
compared to both control and sham-operated groups respectively showing the protective effect of the extract as necessitated by the
transplantation of MSCs. The study marked the protective outcomes of AER-ME treatment for MSCs in microenvironment of infracted
myocardium by improving their viability and increasing differentiation into cardiomyocytes
TRADITIONAL PRACTICES ADOPTED BY JORDANIAN MOTHERS WHEN CARING FOR THEIR INFANTS IN RURAL AREAS
Get PDFBackground: Traditional practices are commonly present within the Jordanian society, especailly those concerned with
infant’s care. Some of these practices might be harmful and thus health professioanls are required to substitute these
practices with safe and healthy ones. The goal of this study is to determine the traditional practices adopted by Jordanian
mothers when caring for their infants in rural areas.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive study design using qualitative method was utilized in this study. A Purposive
sample of 30 mothers was recruited from four rural regions in outskirts of Amman the capital city of Jordan.
Results: Mothers had traditional infant’s care practices pertinent to bathing of babies, including the salting, swaddling,
care of the umbilical cord and jaundice.
Conclusion: Traditional practices are still common in Jordan; some of these behaviors can cause health risks. While health
consequences of some of the traditional practices are still not clear, health professianls, especially nurses, are required to
intervene by changing policies and educatio
INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF MANGIFERIN ON HELICOBACTER PYLORI-INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN HUMAN GASTRIC CARCINOMA AGS CELLS
Get PDFBackground: Gastric cancer is a serious health issue caused by H. pylori and claims more lives in developing and
undeveloped countries. Hence, the need for a natural drug with several pharmacological activities with no adverse effect are
highly recommended. The target of this study was to verify the anti-H. pyloric efficacy of mangiferin (MF) on H. pyloriinfected
AGS cells.
Materials and methods: AGS cells were co-cultured with H. pylori and incubated with increased concentration of MF (10,
20, 50 and 100 μg/mL) or amoxicillin (AMX) and DMSO (control) group to assess its anti-H. pyloric effect by checking
inhibitory zone, bacterial drug sensitivity test (MIC and MBC), adhesion and invasive property and various inflammatory
markers.
Results: Co-culturing of H. pylori-infected AGS cells with MF (100 μg) considerably increased (