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EVIDENCE-GUIDED OPTIMIZATION OF HERBAL FORMULA CHEONG-HWA-BO-UM-TANG USING MULTIPLEX CYTOKINE PROFILING
Get PDFBackground: Cheong-Hwa-Bo-Um-Tang (CHB) has been traditionally used to treat pharyngolaryngitis and throat inflammation in
Korea. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of CHB and the exact component proportion ratio of CHB have not been fully
reported.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to optimize the component proportion ratio of CHB on the basis of experimental
evidence using multiplex cytokine profiling assay in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.
Results: The optimized CHB (named Chunhwabun-Cheong-Hwa-Bo-Um-Tang) inhibited the production of NO, IL-6, MCP-1, GMCSF,
IL-10, IP-10, VEGF, M-CSF, RANTES, MIP-1β, LIF, LIX, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages
without decreasing cell viability (
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF URTICA DIOICA IN TREATING BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Get PDFBackground: Urtica dioica is extract from the root of a stinging nettle.
Materials and Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of Urtica dioica for
treating Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A literature review was performed to identify all published randomized double-blind,
controlled trials of Urtica dioica for the treatment of BPH. The search included the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and
the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were also investigated.
Results: Five publications involving a total of 1128 patients were used in the analysis. Primary efficacy end points: the international
prostate symptom score (IPSS) (the standardized mean difference (SMD) =-10.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) =-18.12 to -2.82,
p=0.007); the peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) (SMD=4.37, 95%CI=1.55 to 7.19, p=0.002) and prostate volume (SMD=-3.63,
95%CI=-4.67 to -2.57,
APPLICATION OF NEEM TREE IN AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, MEDICINE, AND ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: The Neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) is native to the South Asian countries, but its cultivation has already spread to
countries in other continents, always with tropical climates. It is used in Traditional Medicine. The objective of this review was to consult
and discuss the application of the Neem tree in agriculture, industry, Medicine, and the environment.
Materials and Methods: Literature retrieval was performed on four databases: OVID; PUBMED; EBSCOhost, and EMBASE, and in
the ISI Web of Science. Key words for the search included Neem and Azadirachta indica.
Results: A series of studies have demonstrated that the Neem tree has been used medicinally since ancient times. The bark, leaves, fruit,
flowers, and roots have been employed, each with very favorable applications. The bark of the Neem tree is cool, bitter, astringent,
pungent, and refreshing. It is useful for oral diseases, cough, fever, neuromuscular pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, intestinal parasites,
wound healing, as a laxative, as an anti-hemorrhoidal, as an emetic, for skin diseases, to calm excessive thirst, eliminate toxins, as an
astringent, an expectorant, and it purifies the blood and prevents damage caused by free radicals to the body, neutralizing this damage. It
is also used to treat snake bites and insect bites. The flowers are utilized to regulate body heat. The oil is removed from the seed for
pharmaceuticals, paper, and food. Plants, vegetables, and herbs employed as food for humans, and currently in Traditional Medicine,
have been accepted as an essential contribution to drug discovery and in chemotherapy in cancer prevention and development. This
vegetable oil has physicochemical properties that allow its proposal as a potential raw material for the soap industry.
Conclusion: It was possible to know and discuss the variety of applications of the Neem tree, including the bark, leaves, fruit, flowers,
and roots, each with very favorable applications in agriculture, industry, Medicine, and especially its use in the care environment
INFLUENCE OF SULFUR FUMIGATION ON VOLATILE OIL CONSTITUENTS OF CODONOPSIS RADIX (DANGSHEN) BY GC-MS METHOD
Get PDFBackground: Sulfur fumigation is a kind of the processing methods of Chinese medicinal herbs. It can kill contaminated/parasitical microbes and insects on the herbs and to bleach the herbs. Codonopsis Radix, dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen in Chinese), is one of the herbs commonly processed by sulfur fumigation. This study reports the influence of sulfur fumigation on the chemical constituents of volatile oils of Dangshen.
Methods: The volatile oils of air-dried or fumigated Dangshen samples were extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components in individual volatile oil samples were identified and quantitatively determined by GC-MS.
Results: The results showed that forty-five compounds were separated and identified from the volatile oils of Dangshen samples. The contents of 2-octyn-1-ol, phenylethyl alcohol, paeonol and cedrenol in sulfur fumigated Dangshen were much lower than in air-dried Dangshen. On the contrary, the contents of α-lonone, sativene, thujopsene, tetradecanoic acid and methyl cis-9,10-epoxystearate were increased by sulfur fumigation.
Conclusions: Sulfur fumigation caused significant changes on the volatile oil constituents of Dangshen samples. Further explorations are necessary to investigate how these chemical changes occurred and whether these changes would affect the efficacy and safety of Dangshen.
Key words: Sulfur fumigation; volatile oil; Dangshen; Codonopsis pilosula; GC-M
EVALUATION OF THE ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF ZIWAN BAIBU TANG
Get PDFBackground: Ziwan Baibu Tang (ZBT) is used as a traditional Chinese prescription used in the clinic to cure a variety of respiratory
diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of ZBT.
Materials and Methods: Fifty Kunming mice were assigned to 5 groups, and ZBT was administered at different concentrations.
Symptoms, mortality and behavioural changes were recorded. Eighty Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups or a
control group for 4 weeks of treatment (half male and half female); general observations and weekly body weight (BW) gain were
recorded. At the end of the 4-week experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological and serum
biochemical analyses. Samples from the primary organs were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological studies.
Results: The calculated LD50 of acute oral toxicity was 319.16 g/kg BW. After the 4-week treatment, BW did not significantly differ
in any of the dose groups, compared with the control group (P>0.05), and the rat blood red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (HGB)
levels in each dose group did not significantly differ (P>0.05). In addition, serum urea and creatine levels in each dose group did not
significantly differ from those in the control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: These results indicate that ZBT does not possess toxic potential and that both the acute and subchronic toxicity in
animals are very low
DIURETIC AND ANTI-DIURETIC BIOACTIVITY DIFFERENCES OF THE SEED AND SHELL EXTRACTS OF ALPINIA OXYPHYLLA FRUIT
Get PDFBackground: Alpinia oxyphylla fruit (AOF, Yizhi in Chinese) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-diuretic agent
and composed of two parts i.e. seed and shell. These two parts have different components, but the bioactivity differences of the two
parts are not clear. This study aims to evaluate the different anti-diuretic effects of the seed and shell of AOF.
Materials and Methods: The potential bioactive components were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The diuretic and anti-diuretic
activity was determined with saline-loads rats.
Results: The results showed that the 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg of SREAO displayed a short-time anti-diuretic activity 1h after
administration and then a significant diuretic activity was being observed at 5-6 h in 400mg/kg group of SREAO. And the 400mg/kg
doses of SREAO also showed a remarkable increase for electrolyte excretion of K+. Three sesquiterpene compounds, namely
oxyphyllol A (1), oxyphyllol B (2), and nootkatone (3) were identified from the active SREAO fraction by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS.
Conclusion: The seed part of Alpinia oxyphylla possessed pronounced diuretic and anti-diuretic effect. The sesquiterpene
components are the major constituents and possibly contributed the diuretic and anti-diuretic activity
TREATMENT OF DIARRHOEA USING TRADITIONAL MEDICINES: CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN SOUTH AFRICA AND ZIMBABWE
Get PDFBackground: Gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhoea in particular remain a major concern in South Africa and Zimbabwe resulting in
high mortality rates when left untreated. This investigation was aimed at documenting herbal medicines used in the treatment of
diarrhoea in South Africa and Zimbabwe.
Materials and Methods: A review of literature on plant species used as remedies for diarrhoea in South Africa and Zimbabwe was
undertaken by the use of different electronic databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus as well as library searches at
the University of Fort Hare, South Africa and the National Herbarium of Zimbabwe (SRGH) in Harare, Zimbabwe.
Results: This study reported ten plant species most widely used to treat diarrhoea in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Of the lot,
Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. was the most popular medicinal plant used as antidiarrhoeal remedy (11 literature citations) in
South Africa and Zimbabwe, followed by Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeels and Schotia brachypetala Sond. with eight
literature citations each. The roots (47.4%) are the most frequently used plant parts, followed by bark (26.3%), leaves (21.1%) and
rhizomes (5.3%).
Conclusion: The documented antidiarrhoeal activities of this repository of selected plant species against diarrhoea causing agents
such as rotavirus, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Campylobacter, Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella, Yersinia and Vibrio
cholerae calls for further investigation aimed at isolating phytochemical compounds responsible for antidiarrhoeal activities, their
mode of action, and also establish their safety and efficacy. This cross-cultural acceptance of antidiarrhoeal herbal medicines and the
use of the same plant species in different geographical zones serve as an indication of the importance of herbal medicines in primary
healthcare of local communities
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF GINGER OIL PREPARED ACCORDING TO IRANIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND CONVENTIONAL METHOD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Herbal medicines formulated as oils were believed to possess more powerful effects than their original plants in Iranian
Traditional Medicine (ITM). One of the popular oils suggested for treatment of various indications was ginger oil. In the present study, to
suggest a more convenient method of oil preparation (compared to the traditional method), ginger oil has been prepared according to both
the traditional and conventional maceration methods and the volatile oil constituents have been compared.
Material and Methods: Ginger oil was obtained in sesame oil according to both the traditional way and the conventional (maceration)
methods. The volatile oil of dried ginger and both oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass
spectroscopy.
Results: Fifty five, fifty nine and fifty one components consisting 94 %, 94 % and 98 % of the total compounds were identified in the
volatile oil of ginger, traditional and conventional oils, respectively.
Conclusion: The most dominant compounds of the traditional and conventional oils were almost similar; however they were different
from ginger essential oil which has also been to possess limited amounts of anti-inflammatory components. It was concluded that ginger
oil could be prepared through maceration method and used for indications mentioned in ITM
NEPHROPROTECTIVE AND DIURETIC EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA L SEEDS OIL ON LITHIASIC WISTAR RATS
Get PDFBackground and objective: The purpose of the current investigation was to study the influences, preventive and diuretic, of Nigella
sativa L. seeds oil (NSSO) on calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis induced in Wistar male rats.
Methodology: Seeds of Nigella sativa L. (N.S) were analysed for the evaluation of the concentration of oxalate and calcium.
Nigella sativa L. seeds oil is obtained by hydrodistillation and HPTLC densitometric method was adopted to determine the amount of
thymoquinone (TQ) present.
Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (N=6). Group I, negative control, drank tap water. The other groups were II
Positive control, III, IV and V received a treatment model inducing calcium oxalate urolithiasis for 28 days, using an aqueous
solution involve 0.75% (EG) ethylene glycol and 1.0 % (AC) chloride ammonium. Rats in group III received in addition, 750 mg/kg
Cystone from the beginning to the end of calculi induction experimentation.
However, rats in Groups IV and V received (NSSO) at 5 ml/kg b.w by gavage on days 1st to 28th and 15th to 28th days, respectively.
On days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28, body weights were measured and the 24-hour urine samples were accumulated and analysed for
biochemical elements. On the 28th day, blood samples were collected for the estimation of serum parameters including creatinine,
BUN and uric acid.
All animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and the kidneys were detached for histopathological examination.
Results: Administration of (NSSO) at 5 ml/kg body weight/dose/day for 28 days exerts a protective effect by reducing significantly
(
INHIBITION OF PACLITAXEL AGAINST NEUROGLIOMA CELLS U251 GROWTH AND ITS MECHANISM
Get PDFBackground: Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system, and accounted for about 70%
of primary tumors.
Materials and Methods: In the study, antitumour activity and mechanism of paclitaxel was investigated. Different
concentrations of paclitaxel (200, 300, 400 μmol/L) was treated in neuroglioma cellsU251.
Results: Paclitaxel significantly inhibited neuroglioma cells growth, and promoted its apoptosis. Paclitaxel can block
tumour cells in the G2/M phase. In addition, apoptosis-related genes caspase-3 and bax expressions were increased
after paclitaxel treatment.
Conclusion: Our work indicated that paclitaxel displayed strong anti-tumour activity