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IMPROVING EFFECT OF PLATYCODIN D ON ETHANOL-INDUCED FATTY LIVER VIA KEAP1-NRF2-ARE SIGNAL PATH
Get PDFBackground: Platycodin D (PD) is one of the important active ingredients in the root of the Platycodon grandiflorum
(Jacq.) A. DC (PG), a traditional medicine with many pharmacological activities, especially hepatoprotective activity.
There are some researches on the mechanism of liver protection, but it is not very clear. It is necessary to investigate it
deeply.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of PD on ethanol-induced fatty liver (EFL) and investigate the
possible mechanism, the EFL models of rats and BRL-3A cells were set up and treated with PD of 20, 30 mg/kg body
weight/day for four weeks, respectively. The hepatic histochemistry, liver function enzymes, oxidative stress levels,
antioxidant enzymes and signal path enzymes were assayed.
Results: PD significantly (
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTITUMOR, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS OF FIELD-GROWN AND IN VITRO-GROWN LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS L.
Get PDFBackground: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Yellow loosestrife) is a medicinal plant in the family Myrsinaceae. It has been used in the
treatment of fever, ulcer, diarrhea and wounds in folk medicine. It has also analgesic, expectorant, astringent and antiinflammatory
activities. Two different sources of the plant (field-grown and in vitro-grown) were used to evaluate the biological
activities (antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant) of L. vulgaris. In vitro-grown plant materials were collected from L. vulgaris
plants that were previously regenerated in our laboratory.
Materials and Methods: Plant materials were extracted with water, ethanol and acetone. For antibacterial test, disc diffusion
method and 10 different pathogenic bacteria were used. Antioxidant activity was indicated by using DPPH method. The total
phenol amount by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu method and the total flavonoid amount by using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric
method were determined.
Results: Generally, yellow loosestrife extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus
aureus, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes). Strong antitumor activity of yellow loosestrife was observed via potato disc
diffusion bioassay. Nine different phenolics were also determined and compared by using High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC).
Conclusion: Future investigations should be focused on fractionation of the extracts to identify active components for biological
activity
MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ACTION OF XINMAILONG INJECTION, A TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE IN CARDIAC FUNCTION IMPROVEMENT
Get PDFBackground: As a bioactive composite extracted from American cockroach, Xinmailong injection (XML) is used for the
treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) in China. Clinical data has provided evidence that XML has positive inotropic
properties. The objective of this study was to assess the mechanisms involved in the therapeutical effect of XML on CHF.
Materials and Methods: The effects of XML on the cardiac function in isolated rat heart were measured. A Ca2+ imaging
technology was used in rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) to reveal the role of XML on Ca2+ channels. Meanwhile, the effects of
XML on the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase and sodium/calcium exchanger were measured. In addition, the level of reactive
oxygen species and the protein expressions for the superoxide dismutase and hemeoxygenase were determined in the
cardiomyocytes.
Results: The results showed that XML increased the electrical impulse-induced [Ca2+]i in H9c2 cells, which was dependant on
extracellular Ca2+ and was abolished by ML218-HCl (a T-type Ca2+channels antagonist) but not nimodipine (a L-type
Ca2+channels antagonist). Ouabain, a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, increased the electrical impulse-induced [Ca2+]i, which was
significantly inhibited by XML. Moreover, XML markedly inhibited the Na+/K+ ATPase activity in H9c2 cells. In addition,
XML notably reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced the protein expressions of antioxidant
enzymes including superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and hemeoxygenase 1 in H9c2 cell.
Conclusion: Our findings pave the ways to the better understandings of the therapeutic effects of XML on cardiovascular
system
THE USE OF RHEUM PALMATUM L. IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIALS
Get PDFBackground: Chinese medicine theory shows that “lung being connected with large intestine”, and the modern western
medicine also shows that the lung and intestinal tract affect each other in physiological and pathological conditions. If
the lung ventilation dysfunction is caused by inflammatory exudate or secretions obstruction of the small airway
ventilation, blood gas partial pressure is increased and intestinal gas absorption difficulty may lead to intestinal
inflation and dysfunction (Wang N et al., 2011). Rheum palmatum L. can play the roles of anti-coagulation and
anti-thrombosis, and improve microcirculation through lowering the endotoxin-induced permeability of microvascular
tissue, reducing tissue oedema, decreasing inflammatory exudation and necrosis, and enhancing cyto-protection
mechanism (Yang TZ et al., 2014). Therefore, systemic evaluation of the evidence pertaining to the usage of Rheum
palmatum L. in treating acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has significant
clinical significance.
Materials and Methods: Various Electronic Databases CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed and Cochrane Library
were searched until December 2015. Numerous randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of
Rheum palmatum L. for the treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome were
collected. The quality of the included studies was evaluated and a meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan5.0
software.
Results: Eight RCTs involving 489 patients were selected for this review. The results of the Meta-analysis revealed that
Rheum palmatum L. therapy, combined with routine comprehensive treatment, was significantly superior to that of
routine comprehensive treatment alone, in the areas of decreasing mortality, the mechanical ventilation time, the level
of interleukin-6,8 and the untoward effect, and also in improving arterial blood gas (PaO2/FiO2, PaO2) (
ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF ZHUODUQING FORMULA, A CHINESE HERBAL DECOCTION, ON A RAT MODEL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
Get PDFBackground: Zhuoduqing formula (ZDQ) is a Chinese herbal decoction and used to treat type 2 diabetes in clinical
practice, but the potential evidence needs to be provided.
Materials and Methods: Type 2 diabetic model rats were induced by feeding high fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneal
injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The model rats were given ZDQ for 4 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by
homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
(IPGTT). Blood insulin and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels as well as SOCS-3 levels in skeletal muscles were
analyzed by ELISA.
Results: ZDQ significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, ameliorated HOMA-IR and IPGTT, and reduced
triglyceride and total cholesterol in type 2 diabetic rats. Moreover, ZDQ remarkably lowered blood TNF-α levels and
inhibited SOCS-3 levels in skeletal muscles.
Conclusion: The results display that ZDQ performs anti-diabetic functions in type 2 diabetic rats induced by feeding
HFD and intraperitoneal injection of STZ
ANTI-VIRAL EFFECT OF HERBAL MEDICINE KOREAN TRADITIONAL CYNANCHUM PANICULATUM (BGE.) KITAG EXTRACTS
Get PDFBackground: Pestiviruses in general, and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) in particular, present several potential targets
for directed antiviral therapy.
Material and Methods: The antiviral effect of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag (Dog strangling vine: DS)
extract on the bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus was tested. First, a cytotoxicity test in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine
kidney) cells was done with all organic extract concentrations.
Results: The cytotoxic concentration CC50 for the ethyl acetate (EA) extracts was 18.2 ug/ml. In the tissue culture,
infectious dose (TCID50) assay, the BVD virus decreased when treated with 18.2 ug/ml of the ethyl acetate extracts.
Conclusion: Ethyl acetate extracts and fractions of the DS extract could be used as a potential antiviral for BVD
RAW REHMANNIA RADIX POLYSACCHARIDE CAN EFFECTIVELY RELEASE PEROXIDATIVE INJURY INDUCED BY DUCK HEPATITIS A VIRUS
Get PDFBackground: Duck viral hepatitis (DVH), caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), is a fatal contagious infectious
disease which spreads rapidly with high morbidity and high mortality, and there is no effective clinical drug against
DVH.
Materials and Methods: Raw Rehmannia Radix Polysaccharide (RRRP), Lycii Fructus polysaccharides and
Astragalus Radix polysaccharides were experimented in vitro and in vivo. Mortality rate, livers change, liver lesion
scoring, peroxidative injury evaluation indexes in vitro and in vivo, and hepatic injury evaluation indexes of optimal
one were detected and observed in this experiment.
Results: RRRP could reduce mortality with the protection rate about 20.0% compared with that of the viral control
(VC) group, finding that RRRP was the most effective against DHAV. The average liver scoring of the VC, blank
control (BC), RRRP groups were 3.5, 0, 2.1. Significant difference (
ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF CHRYSANTHEMIN IN PC-3 HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER CELLS ARE MEDIATED VIA APOPTOSIS INDUCTION, CASPASE SIGNALLING PATHWAY AND LOSS OF MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL.
Get PDFBackground: The main objective of the current research work was to investigate the antitumor and apoptotic effects of
chrysanthemin in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects of chrysanthemin on cell viability whereas flow
cytometry along with fluorescence microscopy were used to study apoptotic induction in these cells. Effects on caspase
activation were detected through western blot assay.
Results:Results showed that chrysanthemin inhibited cancer cell growth in PC-3 cancer cells in a time-dependent as well as
concentration-dependent manner. Chrysanthemin-treated cells at 10, 50 and 150 μM doses led to 34.2%, 56.7% and 69.1%
apoptosis in these cells respectively.The percentage of cells with depolarized mitochondria increased from 5.3% in
untreated control cells to 27.2%, 57.6% and 86.9% in cells treated with 10, 50 and 150 μM dose of chrysanthemin
respectively. Chrysanthemin also enhanced the activity of all three caspases viz., caspase-3, 8 and 9 in a dose-dependent
fashion.
Conclusions: The study concluded that chrysanthemin ledanticancer effects in PC-3 prostate cancer cells by inducing
apoptosis, activating caspasesignaling pathway and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IS IMPROVED AFTER WHOLE BODY VIBRATION EXERCISES
Get PDFBackground: Whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) improve the quality of life (QoL) of different populations.
Metabolic syndrome patients (MetS) may be favored by physical activity. Questionnaires are used to assess the QoL.
The aim was to evaluate the QoL of patients with MetS that have undergone WBVE with a brief WHOQOL
(WHOQOL-BREF).
Material and Methods: MetS patients were randomly divided into three groups: (i) control group (CG), (ii) treated
with WBVE once per week (WBVE1) and (iii) treated with WBVE twice per week (WBVE2). In the first session, the
patient was sat in a chair in front of the platform with the feet on its base in 3 peak to peak displacements (2.5, 5.0 and
7.5 mm) and frequency of 5 Hz was used. From the second to the last session, patients were subjected to the same
protocol, however they were standing on the base of the platform and the frequency was increased up to 14 Hz. The
patients fulfilled the WHOQOL-BREF before the first and after the last sessions. Cronbach coefficients were
determined to each domain of the WHOQOL-BREF and test Wilcoxon (
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE AND ANTIPYRETIC POTENTIAL OF TERMINALIA CITRINA FRUIT EXTRACTS
Get PDFBackground: Plants and herbs have long been used as remedies without scientific evidences. The objective of the present study was to explore the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Terminalia citrina fruits in mice.
Materials and Methods: Extracts of Terminalia citrina fruits were evaluated at doses of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg in albino mice for preventive effect in inflammatory edema, peripheral pain sensation and pyrexia. Carrageenan induced paw edema method was utilized to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic appraisal of extracts was demonstrated using acetic acid induced writhing model of pain. Antipyretic potential was determined by brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia model. Statistical analysis was conducted by ANOVA following post hoc test.
Results: Both extracts exhibited significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. The ethanolic extract was more effective in reducing inflammatory edema, pyrexia and pain sensation than aqueous extracts in all tested doses.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that fruit extracts of Terminalia citrina may be effective in reducing inflammation, pyrexia and pain sensation in animals