ATHMSI Journals
Not a member yet
2062 research outputs found
Sort by
INDUCTION OF CELL CYCLE ARREST AND APOPTOSIS BY ORMENIS ERIOLEPIS A MORROCAN ENDEMIC PLANT IN VARIOUS HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES
Get PDFBackground: Ormenis eriolepis Coss (Asteraceae) is an endemic Moroccan subspecies, traditionally named “Hellala”
or “Fergoga”. It’s usually used for its hypoglycemic effect as well as for the treatment of stomacal pain. As far as we
know, there is no scientific exploration of anti tumoral activity of Ormenis eriolepis extracts.
Materials and Methods: In this regard, we performed a screening of organic extracts and fractions in a panel of both
hematological and solid cancer cell lines, to evaluate the potential in vitro anti tumoral activity and to elucidate the
respective mechanisms that may be responsible for growth arrest and cell death induction. The plant was extracted
using organic solvents, and four different extracts were screened on Jurkat, Jeko-1, TK-6, LN229, SW620, U2OS, PC-3
and NIH3T3 cells.
Results: Cell viability assays revealed that, the IC50 values were (11,63±5,37μg/ml) for Jurkat, (13,33±1,67μg/ml) for
Jeko-1, (41,67±1,98μg/ml) for LN229 and (19,31±4,88μg/ml) for PC-3 cells upon treatment with Oe-DF and Oe-HE
respectively. Both the fraction and extract exhibited no effects on TK6 and NIH3T3. Cytometry analysis accompanied
by DNA damage signaling protein levels monitoring (p-H2A.X), showed that both the Dichloromethane Fraction and
Hexanic extract induce DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) accompanied by cell cycle arrest in G1 (Jurkat, Jeko -1
and LN22) and G2/M (PC-3) phases which is agreed with the caspase activity observed. Additional experiments with
selective inhibitors of stress and survival pathways (JNK, MAPK, Rho, p53, and JAK3) indicated that none of these
pathways was significantly involved in apoptosis induction. The bioactive compound analysis by CG/MS indicated that
the major compounds in Oe-DF were: Linoleic Acid (15,89%), Podophyllotoxin (17,89%) and Quercetin (22,95%). For
Oe-HE the major molecules were: Linoleic Acid (9,76%), α-curcumene (7,07%), α-bisabolol (5,49%), Campesterol
(4,41%), Stigmasterol (14,08%) and β-sitosterol (7,49%).
Conclusion: Our data suggest that bioactive compounds present in Ormenis eriolepis show significant anti proliferative
activity inducing cell cycle arrest and cell death operating through apoptosis pathway
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION OF THE LEAF OF MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (MAIDEN & BETCHE) CHEEL
Get PDFBackground: Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae) is a well-known, commonly used, tall shrub plant in Ayurvedic medicine. Traditionally, it is used for its antimicrobial potential to treat cutaneous infections. No attempts have been made regarding pharmacognostic investigation of the plant till date. So, the present study was aimed to establish standards with the help of different pharmacognostic parameters.
Methods: Various pharmacognostic parameters (morphological, microscopic, physicochemical evaluations and preliminary phytochemical screening) were studied along with fluorescent and thin layer chromatographic analysis of the extract.
Result: Morphologically Melaleuca alternifolia is a shrub having height of 7 m with layered and papery bark. Leaves have an arranged pattern, petiole is 1 mm in length; linear-acute with dimensions of 10-35 mm x 1 mm. Organoleptic features shows that leaves have characteristic odour and astringent taste. The transverse section of the leaf reveals the existence of epidermal layers, mesophyll tissues, vascular bundles and secretory cavities. The stomata are anomocytic and leaf constants such as stomatal number is 180-200-225, stomatal index is 3.8-4.4-5.9, vein islet number is 18.68 (average), veinlet termination number 20.3 (average) and palisade ratio is 5.5-6.4-6.9. The results of phytochemical screening showed the occurrence of different phytoconstituents (flavonoids, phenolic tannins, phytosterol and terpenoids).
Conclusion: The present study evaluated various pharmacognostic parameters which will help in quality control (standardization) of Melaleuca alternifolia leaves in crude form, in herbal formulation and also aid in the preparation of an herbal monograph for the species
PURIFICATION AND FRACTIONAL ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WEDELIA TRILOBATA POSSESSING APOPTOTIC AND ANTI-LEUKEMIC ACTIVITY
Get PDFBackground: Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitch (WT), commonly known as yellow dots or creeping daisy, is a shrub
possessing potent biological activities, and is traditionally used a medicinal plant in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani
systems of medicines, and it has also been tried against leukemia cell line MEG- 01. In the present study, purification
and screening of the plant was done for bioactive compounds in methanolic extract of WT for apoptotic and antileukemia
activity.
Materials and methods: The methanolic extract of WT was initially purified through thin layer chromatography
(TLC) and screened for the apoptotic and anti-leukemia activities. The positive band of TLC was subjected to silica gel
column chromatography for further purification and the fractions obtained from it were screened again for antileukemia
activity through thymidine uptake assay and apoptotic activity by DNA fragmentation, nuclear staining and
flow cytometry assays. The fraction with positive result was subjected to HPLC for analysis of bioactive components.
Results: Out of many combinations of solvents, the methanol and dichloromethane combination in the ratio 6:4 has
revealed two bands in TLC, among which the second band showed positive results for apoptotic and anti-leukemic
activities. Further purification of second band through silica gel chromatography gave five fractions in which the 3rd
fraction gave positive results and it shows single peak during compositional analysis through HPLC.
Conclusion: The single peak revealed through HPLC indicates the presence of pure compound with apoptotic and antileukemia
activities encouraging for further structural analysis
SPATHOLOBUS SUBERECTUS STEM EXTRACT IMPROVES THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HEPARIN ON CERULEIN–INDUCED PANCREATITIS
Get PDFof pancreatitis alone and in combination with heparin.
Material and methods: Pancreatitis was induced pancreatitis by cerulean (50μg/kg, i.p.) five times at an interval of 1 h
without any pretreatment of drug. Rats were treated with SS (100 and 200 mg/kg, p. o.) and heparin (150 U/kg, i.p.)
alone and in combination for the duration of a week. Later pancreatic weight and blood flow was estimated and
different biochemical parameters like concentration of D-dimer and Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and activity of amylase and
lipase were determined in blood of pancreatitis rats. Moreover effect of drug treatment on DNA synthesis and
histopathology was also estimated on cerulean induced pancreatitis rats.
Result: Results of this study suggest that treatment with SS alone and in combination with heparin significantly
increase in prothrombin time and pancreatic blood flow than negative control group. There was significant decrease in
concentration of IL-1β and D-dimer and activity of amylase and lipase in SS and heparin treated group than negative
control group. Pancreatic DNA synthesis was also found to be reduced in SS and heparin alone and in combination
treated group. Histopathology study also reveals that treatment with SS and heparin alone and in combination reduces
edema, hemorrhages, leukocyte infiltration in the TS of pancreatic tissues. Conclusion: Present study concludes that
treatment with SS alone effectively manages the pancreatitis by ceasing the inflammatory pathway and potentiates the
effect of heparin in the management of pancreatitis
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOUND ARNEBIAE RADIX MICROEMULSION GEL
Get PDFBackground: Compound Arnebiae radix oil has been clinically applied to treat burns and scalds for a long time.
However, it is unstable and inconvenient to use. The aim of this study was to prepare a compound Arnebiae radix
microemulsion gel for transdermal delivery system and evaluate its characteristics.
Materials and Methods: Based on the solubility of Shikonin, the active component of Arnebiae radix and the results
of phase studies, adequate ratio of each component in microemulsion was determined. The optimized microemulsion
gel was prepared using Carbomer 940. The gels were characterized in terms of appearance, preliminary stability test
and the content of Shikonin in the compound Arnebiae radix microemulsion gel with HPLC analysis.
Results: The optimized conditions for preparing microemulsion were Tween-80, glycerin, isopropyl myristate (IPM)
with the ratio of 6:3:2. The optimal microemulsion gel was obtained with Carbomer 940 (1.0%).
Conclusion: The prepared compound Arnebiae radix microemulsion gel showed good stability over time. It is more
convenience in application than the previous used formulations
EFFECT OF YISHENJIANPI RECIPE ON SEMEN QUALITY AND SPERM MITOCHONDRIA IN MICE WITH OLIGOASTHENOZOOSPERMIA INDUCED BY TRIPTERYGIUM GLYCOSIDES
Get PDFBackground:Kidney tonifying - spleen strengthening method being one of the modalities for treatment of
astheno-oligozoospermia is currently commonly used in the clinical setting. To investigate the mechanism of
YiShenJianPi (YSJP) Recipe, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to benefit “the kidney” and strengthen “the spleen”.
Materials and Methods: Oligoasthenozoospermia, male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control,
disease model, positive control, low-dosage and high-dosage groups. Oligoasthenozoospermia was induced by
tripterygium glucosides intragastric administration before treatment started.Through using computer-aided sperm
analysis to test the changes in sperm quality, utilizing flow cytometry to test the percentage of sperm with normal
mitochondrial transmembrane potential (JC-1 + %), utilizing X-ray microscopy to observe epididymal sperm
ultra-microstructure placing special emphasis and photographing the differences in mitochondria of the flagellum
region.
Results: Compared with DM, sperm quality of the treated mice was significantly better (
IMPACT OF ASPARTAME CONSUMPTION ON NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN RAT BRAIN
Get PDFBackground: Aspartame (APM), a common artificial sweetener, has been used for diabetic subjects and body weight
control for a long time. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the impact of APM consumption on
neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in rat’s brain.
Materials and Methods: Four groups of male Wistar albino rats was used: Group1, control (Rats fed on normal diet).
Group 2: Rats were received aspartame (50 mg/kg b w). Group3: Rats were received aspartame (75 mg/kg b w). Group 4:
Rats were received aspartame (125 mg/kg b w). Five rats were decapitated after 10, 20, 30 and 40 days from start of
experiment. Blood and brain tissue were collected for biochemical analysis. Biochemical analysis of brain tissue includes
neurotransmitters (Acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid and serotonin). Serum for
determination of lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Results: the data obtained showed that antioxidant activities (SOD and GSH) were reduced significantly (
EFFICACY OF MANUAL ACUPUNCTURE ON FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIALS
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to systematically review the randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of applying manual acupuncture to functional dyspepsia (FD) compared with conventional gastrointestinal (GI) tract regulator medications.
Methods and Materials: Electronic data bases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese Scientific Journal database (VIP database), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CKNI), Wan-fang Database and Sino-Med were searched for randomized controlled trials. Utilized data included those published before 30th, Jul. 2016. Manual search on conference abstracts and reference lists was further conducted. Risk of bias evaluation, meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and all extracted information were performed.
Results: A total of 31 RCTs studies including 2571 participants were identified that include 1314 participants in the groups of manual acupuncture and 1257 participants in the control groups. The result demonstrated that manual acupuncture is more effective in the total effective rate than GI tract regulator medications (OR=3.00, 95%CI [2.33,3.87],
IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTI-TRYPANOSOMAL ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA STEM-BARK
Get PDFBackground: Current chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis have become largely ineffective, necessitating the search for alternative compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro anti-trypanosomal activities of methanol extracts of parts of Azadirachta indica against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma evansi and establish the in vivo efficacy of the most active extract.
Materials and methods: Maceration of powdered leaves, stem bark and root bark of the plant in methanol afforded three extracts. In vitro assays were carried out with the extracts on the three trypanosome strains in 96-well microtitre plates at concentration ranges of 4000 - 1000μg/ml. The most active extract was assayed in vivo using Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infected Swiss albino mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Melarsoprol and suramin served as positive controls. The infected untreated group served as the negative control. Parasitaemia levels, packed cell volume, body weight changes and mean survival period of all groups were monitored throughout the experimental period.
Results: Methanol extract of the stem bark of A.indica was most active in vitro against all the three trypanosome strains (MIC values of 9.93±1.88, 16.25±0.92 and 9.97±0.44μg/ml for T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. brucei and T. evansi, respectively). The extract showed optimum activity at 400 mg/kg and was comparable to the positive control groups. Parasitaemia levels were kept at a significantly low level (p 0.05) in mean survival time of mice treated with the extract at 400 mg/kg and the positive controls.
Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal activities of the methanol extract of A. indica stem bark could be attributed to the presence of constituents of moderate polarity
A REVIEW OF THE THERAPEUTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CAMEL URINE
Get PDFBackground: The therapeutic use of camel urine has been known for centuries, with evidence of its use for medicinal purposes found in early folklore. It has been used to cure different diseases; however, the significant therapeutic benefits of urine have yet to undergo rigorous scientific evaluation. In this review, a summary of the scientific evidence that supports these therapeutic actions has been presented.
Materials and methods: A literature search of different electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar were conducted to identify published studies exploring the therapeutic effects of camel urine. ‘Camel’ and ‘Urine’, ‘Medicinal properties’, ‘Natural products’ were entered into the databases as key words. Reference lists of published reviews retrieved by the search were also searched to identify relevant papers.
Result: There have been several laboratory and limited clinical studies providing evidence of the therapeutic effects of camel urine in the treatment of cancer, viral hepatitis and other viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Therapeutic uses in the cardiovascular system have also been discovered, with regard to platelet and fibrinolytic actions.
Conclusion: The exploration of the use of camel urine is of great interest to determine the efficacy of this practice, as well as the safety of the patients being treated. This review presented the benefits of camel urine, which were commonly drawn from small laboratory studies. Therefore, many more preclinical and clinical studies are needed to examine the efficacy and safety of the use of camel urine in in the treatment of disease