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ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF THREE TOGOLESE MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST ESBL KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE STRAINS
Get PDFBackground: Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth., Securidaca longepedunculata Fresn and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schlt are three plants widely used in the Togolese traditional medicine to treat microbial infections. Some studies reported their antibacterial activity alone but until know there no data concerning their possible interaction with conventional antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the association of the crude extracts of the three plants with some conventional antibiotics. We further evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts on rat’s model.
Materials and methods:The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution assay and the Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) determined by the checkerboard method. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the Carrageenan- induced rat paw edema model. The antioxidant activities and the phenol contents were determined by spectrophotometry.
Results: The MICs of hydroethanolic extract of plants ranged from 3.125 to 100 mg/mL on Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Synergistic action was observed only with the combination of Imipenem/P. dulce, imipenem/C. sanguinolenta, amikacin/P. dulce and amikacin/C. sanguinolenta against the ESBL negative Klebsiella pneumoniae strain. Of the 21 associations, 15 were antagonistic on the ESBL-producing strains. The indifference effect was observed with the combination of the extract of Securidaca longepedunculata and the following antibiotics imipenem, amikacin, tetracyclin, ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxim; and Sulfametoxazol+Trimethoprim. The in vitro anti-inflammatory with Lipoxygenase inhibition activity was best with C. sanguinolenta extract while the in vivo paw edema model revealed that S. longepedunculata was the highest reducer of paw edema. In addition white blood cells count and biochemical parameters such as total proteins and immunoglobulins were significantly affected by the administration of plant extracts.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the three plants although they may inhibit the bacterial growth by themselves, but there is also a possible synergistic action with the commercial antibiotics. Further investigations are needed to identify the active compounds and their mechanism of action
MODULATORY EFFECT OF PERIOSTRACUM CICADAE AND BETULAE CORTEX EXTRACTS ON THE ACTIVATION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS-RELATED ION CHANNELS ORAI1 AND TRPV3
Get PDFBackground: The cast-off shells of Cryptotympana pustulata (Periostracum Cicadae, PC) and the bark of Betula
platyphylla (Betulae Cortex, BC) are used as traditional medicines for the treatment of skin diseases. This study was
conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of PC and BC extracts on the activation of the ion channels, calcium
release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (ORAI1) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V
member 3 (TRPV3).
Materials and Methods: Human HEK293T cells, co-overexpressing ORAI1/stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)
or overexpressing TRPV3, were treated with PC or BC extracts at 0.1 mg/mL. The changes in ORAI1 and TRPV3
activities were measured using a conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique.
Results: PC and BC extracts significantly decreased ORAI1 activation in ORAI1-STIM1 co-overexpressing HEK293T
cells and significantly increased TRPV3 activation in TRPV3 overexpressing cells, compared to that of 2-
aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB, 100 μM), a known agonist of TRPV3.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that PC and BC extracts have therapeutic potential to improve skin barrier
abnormalities in atopic dermatitis via modulation of ORAI1 and TRPV3 activation
ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF ASTER TATARICUS ON SCC-9 HUMAN ORAL SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA
Get PDFBackground: Oral squamous carcinoma is a head and neck cancer, which is one of the types of malignant cancers. Present study
evaluates the anticancer activity of Aster tataricus (AT) on SCC-9 human oral squamous carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: Ethanol extract of AT was prepared by a standard procedure of maceration. AT extract was used in different
concentrations like 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 and 640 μg/ml for the evaluation of its anticancer activity. Effect of AT extract on SCC9
cells were observed by microscope and cytotoxicity by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay.
Moreover, clonogenic assay was used for the estimation of effect of AT extract on colony forming ability of SCC9 cells.
Result: Result of the study suggested that treatment with AT extract causes cytotoxicity to SCC9 cancerous cells. In addition, AT
extract treatment reduces clonogenic potential of SCC9 cell and it also inhibits the proliferation of cell significantly (
MOXIBUSTION ALLEVIATES GASTRIC PRECANCEROUS LESIONS IN RATS BY PROMOTING CELL APOPTOSIS AND INHIBITING PROLIFERATION-RELATED ONCOGENES
Get PDFBackground: It is well known that gastric mucosa dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia are gastric precancerous lesions (GPL).
Moxibustion treatment of Liangmen (ST21) and Zusanli (ST36) alleviated the inflammatory response and dysplasia of gastric
mucosa in our previous study. The purpose of this study was to further examine the underlying mechanism of moxibustion
treatment of ST21 and ST36 on GPL.
Materials and Methods: Sixty SD rats were divided into five groups and rats with GPL were treated with either moxibustion
(ST), moxibustion (Sham), or vitacoenzyme. B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), tumor protein p53 (P53) and cellular Myc (C-MYC),
which are related to cell apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),
argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region proteins (Ag-NORs), which are associated with cell proliferation, and cell signaling
proteins, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphorylated extracellular signal
regulated kinase (p-ERK), were measured after moxibustion treatment.
Results: Compared with Control group, gastric mucosa in GPL group showed abnormal mucosal proliferation and pathological
mitotic figure, the mRNA expression of bcl-2, P53 and C-MYC increased significantly (P < 0.01), the protein expression of
PCNA, VEGF, Ag-NORs and the activity of NF-κB as well as EGFR/ERK signaling proteins also increased significantly (P <
0.01). Moxibustion treatment decreased gastric mucosal proliferation and pathological mitotic figure, down-regulated the mRNA
expression of bcl-2, P53, C-MYC (P < 0.01), decreased the protein expression of PCNA, VEGF, Ag-NORs and the activity of
NF-κB as well as EGFR/ERK signaling proteins significantly (P < 0.01). But moxibustion treatment of Sham didn’t show the
same effect on GPL.
Conclusion: Moxibustion treatment inhibited cell apoptosis and reduced gastric mucosa dysplasia by inhibiting the expression of
bcl-2, P53, C-MYC and decreased the activity of NF-κB as well as EGFR/ERK signaling proteins
HERBAL PRODUCT USE BY THE CANCER PATIENTS IN BOTH THE PRE AND POST SURGERY PERIODS AND DURING CHEMOTHERAPY
Get PDFBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate of the use of herbal products in patients in both pre- and postsurgery
periods and during chemotherapy, and to determine the factors behind it.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive study with 281 patients in 4 centers. The data of
the study were collected by using a survey form prepared by the researcher, depending on literature and interview with
the participants face-to-face.
Results: While the average age of the patients involved in the study is 49.1±12.8, 51.6% of them were females, 34.6%
graduate of elementary school, and 34.5% were housewives. While the prevelance of the use of herbal product prior to
surgical treatment is 38.9%, it was observed that this rate increased to 54.1% during chemotherapy. It was observed
that the most frequently used product was garlic prior to surgical treatment (19.2%), that it was urtica dioica (13.8%)
during chemotherapy. Before the surgical treatment, 94.3% of the patients, and during chemotherapy treatment, 81.7%
of the patients, stated that the use of herbal product had not been questioned by the physician or nurse.
Conclusion: Analysis of the results indicates that health professionals need to obtain information regarding the use of
herbal products by cancer patients during both pre- and post- surgery periods, as well as during chemotherapy. Patients
should be provided with information and guidance about the advantages and disadvantages of using herbal products
NITRATE IN LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES AND ESTIMATED INTAKE
Get PDFBackground: Vegetarian diets are rich in vegetables. Green leafy vegetables are foods that contain considerable
amounts of nitrate, which can have both positive and negative effects on the human body. Their potential
carcinogenicity and toxicity have been proven, particularly after the reduction of nitrate to nitrite itself or just serving
as a reactant with amines and/or amides in the formation of N-nitroso compounds -N-nitrosamines and other nitrogen
compounds which may have high levels of nitrate. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a significant
difference, considering the location and seasonal sampling period, in the level of nitrate in certain types of green
vegetables, all in order to be able to assess their intake, and possible impact on human health, especially knowing that
exposure to nitrate can be potentially higher for vegetarian population group.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the sampling of 200 different leafy green vegetables was conducted, all of
which could be found in free sale in the Republic of Croatia. The sampling was conducted during two seasonal periods
- the spring and autumn period. In the springtime, lettuce (sem), spinach (pinacho), kale (kale), chard (mangel) and
cabbage (brassica) were sampled, and in autumn lettuce, spinach, kale, chard and arugula. Samples were analyzed using
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection.
Results: The results from the spring sampling phase were in the range of 603 mg/kg for cabbage - 972 mg/kg for
chard, and for autumn phase of 1.024 mg/kg for chard to 4.354 mg/kg for the arugula. The results showed that there
were significant differences (
EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF EIGHT VEGETAL SPECIES FROM THE STATE OF OAXACA
Get PDFBackground: Eight plant species from Oaxaca, some of them used in traditional medicine, were subjected to screening
of several biological activities to provide data regarding their anticancer potential, although no scientific information is
available about their pharmacological effects.
Materials and methods: Methanol extracts from stems or roots of the eight plants were tested for antioxidant activity
by the DPPH· method. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar diffusion method and the minimal
inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained by broth dilution method. Antitopoisomerase activity was assessed using
mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae JN362a, JN394, JN394t-1, JN394t2-4 and JN394t2-5. The mutagenic activity
was evaluated using the Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium TA1535).
Results: No extract showed significant antioxidant activity. The best antimicrobial activity was observed for
Salpianthus arenarius (MIC 56.25 μg/mL) and Lantana achyranthifolia (MIC 78.12 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus
aureus. Extracts of Acalypha cuspidata, Alloispermum integrifolium and L. achyranthifolia stems showed
antitopoisomerase II activity with JN394t-1 growth of -30.88±0.0%, -38.11±4.95%, and -70.97±12.02% respectively.
Galium mexicanum stem extract showed antitopoisomerase I activity with growth of 35.31±6.36% on the same mutant
strain. All plant extracts were non-mutagenic. Fractionation of A. cuspidata extract led to identification of two
subfractions with antitopoisomerase I and II activity at 154μg/mL (Positive controls 50 and 100μg/mL).
Conclusion: Methanol extracts of A. cuspidata, A. integrifolium, G. mexicanum, and L. achyranthifolia stems showed
antitopoisomerase and non-mutagenic activities, and consequently could be promising as a source of anticancer drugs
BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF GYNURA DIVARICATA AND ITS POTENTIAL USE IN HEALTH, FOOD AND MEDICINE:A MINI-REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: G. divaricata (L.) DC belongs to genus the Gynura Cass which is a kind of perennial herb that has good
health protection efficacy and is especially used widely in medicine and functional food. It is one of the most famous
traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and is usually used to cure bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, kink cough,
rheumatism, diabetes, and so on. It has a long history for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the folk medicine. This
review is aimed at gathering all information relating to G. divaricata and obtaining new insights for further studies on G.
divaricata
Materials and Methods: PubMed, Springer Link, Web of Science, Science Direct and Research Gate were used for the
literature search. The key search terms included G. divaricata isolation and identification, flavonoids and their
combinations without language restriction. The period for the search is from year 1979 to 2016.
Results: The main chemical components were listed, and the folk application, the extraction and separation methods of
main chemical components, pharmacological effects of G. divaricata were discussed, which further demonstrated the
plant’s value as health food and medicine.
Conclusion: The present review is of great significance to the development of new medicinal resources and health food
of G. divaricat
COGNITIVE-ENHANCING PROPERTIES OF MORINDA LUCIDA (RUBIACEAE) AND PELTOPHORUM PTEROCARPUM (FABACEAE) IN SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED AMNESIC MICE
Get PDFBackground: Cognitive disorders associated with aging have been successfully managed by African traditional
medical practitioners using various plants. This study evaluated the cognitive enhancing potentials of Morinda lucida
(L) Rubiaceae and Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) ex. K Heyne in scopolamine induced amnesic animals.
Materials and Methods: The anti-amnesic activity of the ethyl acetate extracts of Morinda lucida and Peltophorum
pterocarpum at doses of 4 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg were assessed in scopolamine induced amnesic mice using
Morris water maze test model. Effect of the extracts on the histology of the hippocampus was also evaluated.
Results: The ethyl acetate extract of Morinda lucida and Peltophorum pterocarpum ameliorated scopolamine induced
memory deficit in the animals under study. There was no effect of the extract on the histology of the hippocampus.
However, there was an increase in the density of cells in the hippocampus of treated group as compared to the
untreated.
Conclusion: Morinda lucida and Peltophorum pterocarpum showed considerable enhancement of cognition in
scopolamine induced amnesic mice
INVESTIGATION ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM DRACOCEPHALUM KOTSCHYI BOISS
Get PDFBackground: Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss is a herb with wide-spread applications. Lorestan traditional healers have
applied it for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases and stomach disorders.
Materials and methods: Hydrodistillation process was used for essential oil extraction, the extracted essential oil was
then analyzed through combination of capillary GC–FID, GC–MS and RI. The in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and
cytotoxic activities of this essential oil were examined. Results indicate that the essential oil has a broad range of antimicrobial
activity against all of the tested microorganisms.
Results: The 50% of cytotoxic concentrations was 26.4 μg/ml and 4266.7 μg/ml for Hela cells and human
lymphocytes, respectively. The oil cytotoxicity against the human tumor cell line was far higher than the amount
required for human healthy cells. Conversely, the essential oil’s IC50 value of 49.2 μg/ml in the DPPH assay, could be
regarded as its strong antioxidant potential.
Conclusion: According to the data obtained, it can be concluded that D. kotschyi essential oil could be applied as a safe
antibacterial and antioxidant agent for food and pharmaceutical purposes