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DETECTION OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS ANTIGEN IN DOGS IN KUMASI, GHANA
Get PDFBackground: Canine Parvovirus (CPV) in dogs has been documented in many countries. However, evidence of the infection is scanty in Ghana. This study was conducted to detect canine parvovirus antigen in dogs presented with diarrhoea to the Government Veterinary Clinic in Kumasi, Ghana.
Materials and Methods: Faecal samples from 72 dogs presented with diarrhoea were tested for the presence of canine parvovirus antigen using commercially available rapid test kit (BIT® Rapid Colour Canine Parvovirus Ag Test Kit, BIOINDIST Co. Ltd, Korea) based on the principle of immunochromatography. Influence of breed, sex, age, vaccination history and the nature of diarrhoea were assessed. Data obtained was analysed with SPSS and subjected to the chi-square test. Significance was at α0.05
Results: We found 61.11% tested positive (44/72) for CPV. Based on sex, 61.54% of males (20/33) and 60.61% of females tested positive (24/39). A total of 65.67% of samples from puppies below 6 months were positive. 56.25% of CPV vaccinated dogs and 70.83% of unvaccinated dogs were positive respectively. 69.05% of samples from haemorrhagic diarrhoeic dogs and 50.00% from non-haemorrhagic diarrhoeic dogs were positive of CPV.
Conclusion: The study is the first documented evidence of the existence of CPV in Ghana. It also revealed that absence of bloody diarrhoea does not necessarily rule out CPV infection
EFFECT OF THAI SARAPHI FLOWER EXTRACTS ON WT1 AND BCR/ABL PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN LEUKEMIC CELL LINES
Get PDFBackground: Saraphi (Mammea siamensis) is a Thai traditional herb. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of crude ethanolic and
fractional extracts including hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions from M. siamensis flowers were investigated in order to
determine their effect on WT1 expression in Molt4 and K562 cells and Bcr/Abl expression in K562 cells.
Materials and Methods: The flowers of M. siamensis were extracted using ethanol. The ethanol flower extract was further
fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Cytotoxic effects were measured by the MTT assay. Bcr/Abl and WT1
protein levels after treatments were determined by Western blotting. The total cell number was determined via the typan blue
exclusion method.
Results: The hexane fraction showed the strongest cytotoxic activity on Molt4 and K562 cells, with IC50 values of 2.6 and 77.6
μg/ml, respectively. The hexane extract decreased Bcr/Abl protein expression in K562 cells by 74.6% and WT1 protein
expressions in Molt4 and K562 cells by 68.4 and 72.1%, respectively. Total cell numbers were decreased by 66.2 and 48.7% in
Molt4 and K562 cells, respectively. Mammea E/BB (main active compound) significantly decreased both Bcr/Abl and
WT1protein expressions by 75 and 49.5%, respectively when compared to vehicle control.
Conclusion: The hexane fraction from M. siamensis flowers inhibited cell proliferation via the suppression of WT1 expression in
Molt4 and K562 cells and Bcr/Abl expression in K562 cells. The active compound may be mammea E/BB. Extracts from M.
siamensis flowers show promise as naturally occurring anti-cancer drugs
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CARNITINE SYNERGIZED WITH VITAMIN E AGAINST ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED CARDIAC INFARCTION IN RATS.
Get PDFBackground: The current study aimed to evaluate the role of carnitine in combination with vitamin E in protection
against myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats.
Materials and Methods: Rats were grouped into 5 (each 10 rats): Group I. Control fed a standard diet. Group III: Rats
were injected with vitamin E (100 IU/kg bw, i.p) daily. Group IV: Rats were given carnitine (20 mg/kg bw, i.p) daily
.Group V: Rats were injected with both vitamin E (100 IU/kg bw, i.p) and carnitine (20 mg/kg bw, i.p) daily. On 7th,
8th, and 9th day, rats in groups (II-V) were injection i.p with ISO (55mg/kg b.w for successive three days). The
treatment with carnitine and vitamin E were continuous for 21 days.
Results: Canirine combined with vitamin E significantly increased coronary flow (CF) (
JIEYUANSHEN DECOCTION EXERTS ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS ON DEPRESSIVE RAT MODEL VIA REGULATING HPA AXIS AND THE LEVEL OF AMINO ACIDS NEUROTRANSMITTER
Get PDFBackground: Jieyuanshen decoction (JYAS-D) - a traditional Chinese medicine was invented by Professor Nie based
on classic formulas, chaihu jia longgu muli decoction has been proved as having favorable curative effects on
depression in clinical practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant effects and its molecular
mechanism of JYAS-D.
Materials and Methods: The model of depression was established by Chronic Unpredictable Stress. Different doses
(8.2 g/kg, 16.3 g/kg, 32.7 g/kg) of JYAS-D was orally administered; Fluoxetine was orally administered with 10mg/kg.
All treatments lasted for 28 days. Sucrose preference and open-field tests were adopted to observe the behavior of rats.
OPA (ortho-phthalaldehyde) derivatization method was used to detect the contents of amino acid neurotransmitter. RIA
(Radiation immunity analysis) method was used to measure the serum concentrations of CORT (Corticosterone),
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) and CRH (Corticotropin-releasing hormone). ELISA (Enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay) method was adopted to examine the contents of Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in hippocampus.
Results: Compared with the model group, sucrose preference was increased in all treatment groups. The concentration
of serum CORT was reduced in the middle dose of JYAS-D and control groups; the concentration of serum ACTH was
reduced in the low and high-dose of JYAS-D; the concentration of serum CRH was reduced in the middle and
high-dose of JYAS-D. The content of hippocampus GR was increased in the middle and high-dose of JYAS-D; the
content of hippocampus Glu (Glutamic acid) was reduced among the low, middle and high-dose of JYAS-D and
fluoxetine group, the ratio of Glu/γ-GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid was reduced in the low and high-dose of JYAS-D.
Conclusion: JYAS-D had a significant antidepressant-like effect on rat model through regulating serum concentration
of CORT, ACTH and CRH, increasing the content of hippocampus GR and regulating the equilibrium of amino acids
neurotransmitter
KIRKIA ACUMINATA OLIV.: A REVIEW OF ITS ETHNOBOTANY AND PHARMACOLOGY
Get PDFBackground: Local communities in sub-Saharan Africa have a long history of medicinal plant usage. Like in other
parts of the developing world, rural and urban communities are still dependent on herbal medicines for primary health
care, and the use of herbal medicines is still an integral part of their daily life and socio-cultural life style. The objective
of this paper is to summarise information on the ethnobotany and pharmacology of Kirkia acuminata Oliv. throughout
its distributional range.
Materials and Methods: The information documented in this article is derived from books, theses, scientific journals
and reports obtained from library collections, Scopus, Pubmed, MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar and
Science Direct.
Results: Kirkia acuminata is the most known and widely distributed Kirkia species in the genus and is one of the most
popular and promising plant resources due to its several beneficial uses. Kirkia acuminata is used to treat abdominal
pains, backache, cholera, constipation, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, snake bites, toothache and wounds. Other
applications include its use as charcoal; hedge, ornamental or shade; stock feed, timber and source of water during
drought periods. Preliminary phytochemical assessment of roots and stem bark of K. acuminata showed presence of
lignans, neo-lignans, nor-carotinoids and other compounds. The extracts of K. acuminata exhibited antibacterial and
antimycobacterial activities. These phytochemical compounds may be responsible for the medicinal uses and biological
activities demonstrated by K. acuminata.
Conclusion: Detailed research is required aimed at exploring mode of action of bioactive compounds of Kirkia
acuminata that are responsible for the documented pharmacological effects. Kirkia acuminata is an important plant
species that has potential to contribute to the primary health care and livelihood improvement of local communities in
the geographical areas where it is indigenous and found in abundance
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF HOLARRHENA FLORIBUNDA (G. DON) DUR. AND SCHINZ (APOCYNACEAE)
Get PDFBackground: Holarrhena floribunda is a plant of wide usage in the Togolese folk medicine. A previous ethnobotanical
survey on the latex plants of the Maritime region of the country revealed that this plant was included in several recipes
curing malaria and microbial infections. Therefore, this study aimed to seek for the effectiveness of the ethanolic
extract of the plant in the treatment of these diseases.
Methods: The antimicrobial test was performed using the agar well-diffusion and the NCCLS broth microdilution
methods, while the in vivo antimalarial activity was evaluated following the four-day suppressive test of Peters. The
acute toxic effects of the extract were monitored after a single oral dose (5,000 mg/kg body weight) administration in
NMRI mice.
Results: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of leaves of H. floribunda was active on Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 29213 and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MICs
ranging from 0.62 to 1.25 mg/mL. The extract also showed significant parasitaemia suppression in a dose-dependent
manner. In the acute toxicity assay, the oral administration of the extract to the mice did not affect the relative weight of
vital organs, and there were no signs of toxicity or death during the study period. The LD50 of the tested extract was
found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg, indicating its safety.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the antibacterial and antimalarial activities of leaves of H. floribunda and then,
supports its medicinal use in the treatment of microbial infections
USING ARTHROSCOPY TO OBSERVE THE EFFECT OF LIVER-SOFTENING MEDICINE ON KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Get PDFBackground: Arthroscopy was used to observe the clinical effect of liver-softening medicine for treating knee
osteoarthritis (OA).
Materials and Methods: Forty knee OA patients with cartilage classifications of Outerbridge grade II, III, or II plus III
determined via arthroscopy were randomly assigned to a treatment of liver-softening medicine plus glucosamine or a
control treatment of glucosamine alone. Clinical observation and determination of the comprehensive effect score were
performed at 60, 120, and 180 days. A second arthroscopy was performed at 180 days.
Results: Signs and symptoms significantly improved at different time points in the treatment group. The effects in the
treatment group were better than those in the control group. When analyzing the cartilage during the second
arthroscopy, no further degeneration was observed.
Conclusions: After arthroscopic debridement, the treatment of knee OA with liver-softening medicine in conjunction
with glucosamine is a feasible and effective solution
PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROFILES OF TRAGIA SPECIES (FAMILY: EUPHORBIACEAE)
Get PDFBackground: Tragia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which contains about 152 species. Interestingly, most of the
earlier investigations have been done using only five Tragia species, namely, Tragia involucrata, Tragia cannabina,
Tragia spathulata, Tragia plukenetii, and Tragia benthamii. The objective of the present review is to compile the
phytochemical, pharmacological and biological studies of the selected five Tragia species reported in the literature.
Methods: The reported data/information was retrieved mainly from the online databases of PubMed (MEDLINE),
EMBASE and Botanical Survey of India.
Results: The present review elaborated the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological properties of the selected
five Tragia species obtained from recent literature.
Conclusion: This review provides a basis for future investigation of Tragia species and, especially for those species
that have not been explored for biological and pharmacological activities
BEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE OF ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTIVITY OF RAPHANUS SATIVUS L. VAR. CAUDATUS IN MICE
Get PDFBackground: Currently-available antidepressant agents produce various adverse effects, and are expensive. At present,
various plants are being evaluated for their possible role against numerous diseases, and no doubt, the role of traditional
and complementary medicines in the development of effective therapy is incredible. The present study was designed to
evaluate antidepressant-like activity of Raphanus sativus L. Var. caudatus at different doses in mice.
Materials and Methods: Antidepressant potential of ethanolic extract of Raphanus caudatus L. was evaluated at three
different doses 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg by using forced swim test and tail suspension test on albino
male mice. The results were compared with control and standard mice groups administered with normal saline and
Fluoxetine respectively. In both parameters immobility period was recorded two times during 60 days dosing.
Results: The ethanol extract at all three tested doses (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg /kg) and standard fluoxetine
demonstrated notable antidepressant-like activity (
STUDIES ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES FROM DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) POLLENS AND SEEDS
Get PDFtraditions as alternative medicines. The chemical profiling of some plant extracts and essential oils related to different
plants were followed to unveil their most active components. In this paper, Phoenix dactilyfera L was selected as a host
plant to investigate the composition of different organs with different cultivars.
Materials and method: The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts have been tested using different
techniques, including optical density and GC/MS analyses of the natural extracts.
Results: GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of abundant oleic (36.69%) and lauric (20.49%) acids in date seeds.
However,the pollen contains a high amount of palmitic (22.27 %), linoleic (33.4%) and linolenic (17.055%) acids.
Moreover, the largest inhibition zone is obtained with the organic extract of Deglet Nour which showed a strong
antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and pollen extract showed also a strong inhibition against Escherichia
coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA and Enterococcus faecalis. Aqueous extracts of date palm seeds of and
pollen seem to have a fongitoxique activity from a concentration of 6 mg.mL-1 and 12mg.mL-1 of cyanidine; as well as
the organic extracts of pollen with a concentration of 90 μg.mL-1 induce an inhibition to the growth of five special
forms of Fusarium oxysporum.
Conclusion: The bioactive compounds of date palm can be used for drug development and in the food industry