Revista Agro Productividad
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Study of the allelopathic effect of some weeds on the germination of durum wheat (Triticum durum desf.).
Get PDFThe presence of weeds in a cereal field is detrimental for several reasons. In this study, we chose four adventitious species to test their allelopathic effect on the germination of seeds and the development of seedlings of the durum wheat variety "Simeto". We tested the allelopathic effect at the laboratory level, by mixing weed seeds and durum wheat. In these trials, the allelopathic effect was measured. The inhibitory effect of these adventitious species manifests itself much more on the development of the seedlings, especially on the aerial parts. The bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L) is the most inhibiting.Objetive: the presence of weeds in a cereal field is detrimental for several reasons. In this study, we chose four adventitious species to test their allelopathic effect on the germination of seeds and the development of seedlings of the durum wheat variety "Simeto".
Design/Methodology/Approach: we tested the allelopathic effect at the laboratory level, by mixing weed seeds and durum wheat. In these trials, the allelopathic effect was measured.
Results: the inhibitory effect of these adventitious species manifests itself much more on the development of the seedlings, especially on the aerial parts.
Findings/Conclusions: the bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L) is the most inhibiting
Socioeconomic diagnosis of a group of meliponiculturists in the local-ity of San Antonio Cayal, Campeche, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To identify the economic, technical, and social characteristics of a group of meliponiculturists established in the locality of San Antonio Cayal, Campeche, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: An interview card was applied to ten members of a group of meliponiculturists, and each card consisted of 20 open and closed questions distributed in the following sections: general data, technical aspects, characteristics of the meliponary, production, market, and perspectives of meliponiculture. An observation guide was also applied.
Results: It was found that in the locality of San Antonio Cayal, meliponiculture is a recent activity (four years); the activity started with a total of ten people, with ages between 47 and 64, using modernized boxes and the honey extraction technique using syringes. However, currently the activity is only practiced by two people.
Limitations on the study/implications: Meliponiculture is a scarcely practiced activity in the locality, and therefore, there are few records of this activity.
Findings/conclusions: The study allowed us to understand the limitations of the group of meliponiculturists that caused the dispersion of the group, and allowed finding different areas of opportunity (management, production) to strengthen the activity
Effect of coumaphos on Rhipicephalus microplus and entomopatho-genic nematodes in cattle production units
Get PDFObjective: to determine the effect of coumaphos on Rhipicephalus microplus and entomopathogenic nematodes in bovine production units.
Design/methodology/approach: Two experiments were carried out: First) tick samples were collected and evaluated, using the Adult Immersion Test (10 ticks per humid chamber), the treatments were applied: 1) Control; 2) Coumaphos 0.1 %; 3) Coumaphos 0.2 %; 4) Coumaphos 0.4 %. An ANOVA was carried out with a completely randomized design (mortality dependent variable and treatment independent variable with four levels) and a multiple comparison of means (Tukey's test). Second experiment) 10 samples of livestock soil where coumaphos is used, which correspond to the Mariano Matamoros ejido, Tamaulipas, and 10 non-livestock soil from the Las Huastecas Experimental Field, were analyzed to determine the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). a cross-frequency table between the sampled soils and the Chi-square test.
Results: Experiment 1) In counting the tick mortality percentages on the second day after application in group 1) control was 37.5 %, 2) 72.5 %, 3) 80 %, 4) 92.5 %, on day 7 and day 8 there was no difference with 90 % and 100 % mortality. Experiment 2) The soils positive to EPN were 35 % Non-livestock and 25 % Livestock.
Limitations on study/implications: it is important to make producers aware of the correct use of chemical products.
Findings/conclusions: R. Microplus was susceptible to coumaphos in cattle production units. A greater presence of EPN was found in non-livestock soils, which may be related to the use of chemical products to control parasites
Dynamics and structure of research in swine health in Mexico: A methodological approach
Get PDFObjective: Characterized the socio-structural dynamics on research in pig veterinary and health in Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from the IPVS Congresses Memories from 2010-2018. The study unit were authors and co-authors to the papers. Social Network analysis was used to understand the dynamics of research groups. The UCINET 6 for Windows was used to the analysis.
Results: In the area to pig veterinary and health, 63% of the research has been carried out by universities and research centers, and the rest by the private initiative. The most active universities with research are UNAM with 34% of the papers presented, followed by INIFAP with 9%, the UAEMex and University of Yucatán. The main areas of research in pig health were PRRS, Circovirus, Influenza, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea among others.
Limitations on study/implications: This work only considered the scientific information in pig veterinary contained in memories of the IPVS Congresses of 2010-2018. Displaying this works networks makes it possible to detect spaces to creates research policies.
Findings/conclusions: Research about pig veterinary health in Mexico is focused in five working groups, so knowing who is key actors will allow adequate dissemination of the informationObjective: To characterize the socio-structural dynamics in the field of swine health research in Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: The data used were obtained from proceedings of IPVS international conferences from 2010-2018. The study unit was the result of co-authorships. The Social Networks Analysis (SNA) was used to understand the working dynamics of the research groups through the UCINET 6 software for Windows.
Results: In the area of swine health and veterinary science, 63% of the research has depended on higher education institutions and research centers and the rest on the private sector. The most active universities with research are Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (34%), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (9%), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, and Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. The main research areas in swine diseases were PRRS, Circovirus, Influenza, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea, among others.
Limitations on study/implications: This study was done considering only scientific information about swine health contained in proceedings of IPVS Conferences from 2010-2018. To visualize these working networks allows detecting spaces for possibility in terms of creation of research policies.
Findings/conclusions: The research about swine health in Mexico is concentrated in five working groups, which is why understanding these key stakeholders will allow greater dissemination of the information
Agronomy and chemical composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a forage option in a warm-humid intertropical environment: Sunflower as a tropical forage
No full textThe study was carried out at Colegio de Posgraduados Campus Tabasco, to know the sunflower phenology and its potential as a forage for ruminants in a hot and humid environment. During the 2016 dry season, six treatments were evaluated corresponding to cutting days after sowing (DDS): 65 (T1), 72 (T2), 79 (T3), 86 (T4), 93 (T5) y 100 (T6). The sunflower hybrid SYN3950HO was planted in a 5 x 40 m plot, under a randomized complete block design, and three replicates. The traits evaluated were: days to reproductive stages (Ri), plant height (AP) in cm, stem perimeter (PMT) in cm, flower diameter (DF) in cm, dry mass production in stem (PT), leaf (PH), petiole (PP), flower (PF), and total dry mass (MS t ha-1), and the content of dry mass (MS), crude protein (PC), ash (CEN), neutral detergent fiber (FDN), and acidic detergent fiber (FDA). Analysis of variance were carried out for every trait, means comparison tests (Tukey P<0.05), correlation analyses among traits, and regression analysis of traits on DDS. Significant differences were found (P< 0.05) in AP, DF, PMT, PP, PF, and MS t ha-1, as well as in MS, PC, FDN y FDA. The highest biomass yield, 16 t ha-1, was reached by 100 DDS with nutritive values of 26 % MS, 12.7 % PC, 21.9 CEN, 44.2 % FDN, and 30.9 % FDA. It is concluded that sunflower is a suitable plant species to be grown and used in the ruminants feeding systems in the study area.Objective: To determine the phenology of sunflower and its potential as forage for ruminants in a humid-warm environment.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Six treatments were evaluated during the 2016 dry season, according to the number of cutting days after sowing (DAS): 65 (T1), 72 (T2), 79 (T3), 86 (T4), 93 (T5), and 100 (T6). The SYN3950 HO hybrid was planted in 5 × 40 m plots with a completely randomized block design and three replications. The following variables were measured: days to reach reproductive stages (Ri), plant height (PH) in cm, stem perimeter (SPM) in cm, flower diameter (FD) in cm, and dry matter production in stem, peduncle, leaf, flower, and total (DM t ha-1), as well as the content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash (A), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Analysis of variance were carried out, as well as correlation between variables, mean comparison tests (Tukey, P<0.05), and regression between variables and DAS.
Results: There were significant differences (P<0.05) between PH, FD, and DM production in stem, peduncle, flower, and total DM (t ha-1), as well as in DM, CP, NDF, and ADF. The highest biomass yields were obtained at 100 DAS (16 t ha1 DM) with 26% DM, 12.7% CP, 21.9% A, 44.2% NDF, and 30.9% ADF. It is concluded that sunflower is an option for feeding ruminants in the study area
Effects of the combining ability on mirador chili (Capsicum annuum L.) populations native to Veracruz, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate the effects of general and specific combining ability in agronomic characters of native populations of mirador pepper and identify genotypes with potential for the genetic improvement of the crop.
Design/methodology/approach: The general and specific combining ability for agronomic and yield characteristics was calculated in five mirador pepper populations, using method 2, Griffing model I, which includes the parents and direct crosses.
Results: The P1, P4 and P3 genotypes presented the highest values, positive and with a significant difference for general combining ability, while for specific combining ability the highest value was observed for the P1xP5 and P4xP5 crosses.
Limitations on study/implications: It was not possible to establish diverse evaluation environments and genomic selection studies using molecular markers.
Findings/conclusions: Information was generated on the yield potential of five mirador pepper populations, of importance for a genetic improvement program and for the selection of the improvement method.
Keywords: plant breeding, native populations, yield.Objective: To evaluate the effects of the general and specific combining abilities on the agronomic traits of the native populations of mirador chili and to identify potential genotypes for the genetic improvement of this crop.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The general and specific combining abilities were calculated to determine the agronomic traits and yield of five mirador chili populations, using Griffing’s method 2, model I, which includes parental lines and direct crosses.
Results: The P1, P4, and P3 genotypes recorded the highest and positive values. They also recorded a significative difference regarding the general combining ability. Meanwhile, the P1×P5 and P4×P5 crosses recorded the highest specific combining ability values.
Study Limitations/Implications: We were not able to establish diverse evaluation environments and genomic selection studies using molecular markers.
Findings/Conclusions: Information about the yield potential of five mirador chili was generated. These results are important for the development of a genetic improvement program and for the selection of the method that will be used
Community perspective of the fishing activity in El Arenal, Acapulco, Mexico
Get PDFFor many communities settled on the coastline of coastal lagoons, fishing is an important activity because of the income it generates from the work they perform.
Objective: To analyze the community perspective of the fishing activity in the community of El Arenal.
Methodology: The research is a mixed case study and its development consisted in seven stages, which were: description of the area where field immersion was carried out and identification of socioenvironmental problems, informal dialogue with the fishermen, information processing, data analysis through descriptive statistics, and deductive analysis of the discourse.
Results: Overfishing is evident, and the breach of closed season and high levels of capture in live weight which was 1275 t in 2022. The 37 cooperatives do not have trade channels and brokers are in charge of trading the product. At the socioenvironmental level, the community of El Arenal does not have residue collection programs or for lagoon or mangrove care.
Conclusions: The production model based on overfishing exhausts the natural resource because there is no planning for the fishing resource and it does not respect the closed season law, resulting in socioenvironmental problems for the community, overfishing, contamination of the lagoon, and social marginalization
Canopy rainfall interception by pine (Pinus hartwegii Lindl) and oyamel [Abies religiosa ( Kunth ) Schltdl. y Cham.] at the Zoquiapan Experimental Forest Station, Mexico: Canopy rainfall interception by pine (Pinus hartwegii) and oyamel (Abies religiosa) at the Zoquiapan Experimental Forest Station, Mexico
No full textObjective: To quantify and characterize the canopy rainfall interception of two dominant forest species of a coniferous forest in Mexico, in order to determine its magnitude and importance in the hydrological cycle and have a source of estimation of interception to improve the accuracy of water balance calculation.
Methodology: Twenty-one rainfall events in the period May-June 2018 were analyzed in two 0.25-ha experimental plots, one with pine (Pinus hartwegii) and the other with oyamel (Abies religiosa), at the Zoquiapan Experimental Forest Station (EFEZ), located in the Sierra Nevada in the State of Mexico. Rainfall was measured with an automated weather station and interception was recorded by placing collectors under the canopy and collars on the trunks.
Results: The pine tree P. hartwegii intercepted 16.37% of the precipitation, 79.86% of the throughfall, and 3.74% of the stemflow. For A. religiosa, recorded interception was 24.68%, throughfall 72.42%, and stemflow 2.90%. Precipitation had a linear relationship with both throughfall and stemflow, and an exponential one with canopy rainfall interception.
Implications: The analysis should be extended to other rainy periods to strengthen the study.
Conclusions: The intercepted volume depends on the forest measurement characteristics and leaf area index (LAI) of the species, and the rainfall amount. The fraction of rainfall intercepted is considerable and should be included in hydrological balances.Objective: To quantify and characterize the canopy rainfall interception of twodominant forest species of a coniferous forest in Mexico, in order to determine its magnitude and importance in the hydrological cycle and have a source of estimation of interception to improve the accuracy of water balance calculation.Methodology: Twenty-one rainfall events in the period May-June 2018 were analyzed in two 0.25-ha experimental plots, one with pine (Pinus hartwegii) and theother with oyamel (Abies religiosa), at the Zoquiapan Experimental Forest Station (EFEZ), located in the Sierra Nevada in the State of Mexico. Rainfall was measured with an automated weather station and interception was recorded by placing collectors under the canopy and collars on the trunks.Results: The pine tree P. hartwegii intercepted 16.37% of the precipitation, 79.86% of the throughfall, and 3.74% of the stemflow. For A. religiosa, recorded interception was 24.68%, throughfall 72.42%, and stemflow 2.90%. Precipitation had a linear relationship with both throughfall and stemflow, and an exponential one with canopy rainfall interception.Implications: The analysis should be extended to other rainy periods to strengthen the study.Conclusions: The intercepted volume depends on the forest measurement characteristics and leaf area index (LAI) of the species, and the rainfall amount. The fraction of rainfall intercepted is considerable and should be included in hydrological balances
Potential zones for the cultivation of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa in temperate regions of Veracruz, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To identify the potential zones with edaphoclimatic characteristics in municipalities of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, for the cultivation of kiwifruit through modeling.
Design/methodology/approach: With the zoning methodology of edaphoclimatic variables and the Kriggin projection algorithm of the GIS ArcMap, the municipalities of the state of Veracruz, with edaphoclimatic potential for growing kiwifruit adapted to tropical highland conditions were determined. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to validate the zoning and determine the similarity of the municipalities with edaphoclimatic potential; a cluster analysis was applied to assess the similarity between the variables studied.
Results: The municipalities of Hueyapan de Ocampo, Ixhuatlán del Café, Jalacingo, Magdalena, Mariano Escobedo, Tehuipango and Texhuacán presented average edaphoclimatic characteristics for the establishment of kiwifruit, while Chumatlán and Huatusco presented the greatest edaphoclimatic similarity for cultivation of this fruit.
Limitations of the study/implications: This information supports decision-making to establish kiwi and increases knowledge of the species, since the almost null information limits the establishment of its cultivation.
Findings/conclusions: Twenty-nine percent of the total Veracruz territory shows edaphoclimatic characteristics to introduce kiwi cultivation; its establishment would represent a support for food and socioeconomic sovereignty for producers, since, according to the present study, its establishment is viable in various geographical points of Veracruz, Mexico.Objective: to identify potential zones with soil and climate characteristics in municipalities of the state of Veracruz, Mexico for kiwi cultivation through modeling.Design/Methodology/Approach: with the zoning methodology of soil and climate variables and the Kriging projection algorithm of the ArcMap GIS®, the municipalities of the state of Veracruz with soil and climate potential for the cultivation of kiwi adapted to tropical conditions were determined. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to validate the zoning and determine the similarity of municipalities with soil and climate potential. A cluster analysis was applied to assess the similarity between the variables studied.Results: the municipalities of Hueyapan de Ocampo, Ixhuatlán del Café, Jalacingo, Magdalena, Mariano Escobedo, Tehuipango and Texhuacán present average soil and climate characteristics for the establishment of kiwi cultivation. Chumatlán and Huatusco presented the greatest soil and climate similarity for the cultivation of this fruit shrub.Limitations of the study/Implications: this information contributes to the decision-making to establish kiwi by increasing the knowledge of the species. As, up to date, the almost non-existent information has limited the establishment of kiwi cultivation.Findings/Conclusions: of the total territory of Veracruz 29% shows soil and climate characteristics to introduce kiwi cultivation. Its establishment would represent support for food and socio-economic sovereignty for producers. According to this study, the establishment of kiwi as a crop is viable in various geographical points of Veracruz
Gas production and environmental impact indicators from in vitro fermentation of diets with nopal silage (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the global warming potential index (GWPI) and in vitro gas production (GP) of diets of fattening lambs fed with silage of agricultural by-products of cactus and prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)-hibiscus grain (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)-oats straw (Avena sativa L.)
Design/methodology/approach: The PG technique was used to obtain the GWPI of isoproteic (crude protein (CP)) and isoenergetic diets 15%CP and 2.8 Mcal ME (metabolizable energy)): conventional diet (CD; control), with corn silage (CSD), and with 10 or 20% of cactus-prickly pear-hibiscus grain-oats straw silage (CHSD10, CHSD20), offered during 60 d to 24 fattening bighorn sheep.
Results: Although in vitro dry matter digestibility at 72 h (IVDMD72) was better in CSD, it was similar for CHSD10, CHSD20, and CSD. CHSD10 and CHSD20 had the lowest CH4 production, GWPI, and environmental impact index (EII). The low fermentable fraction (LF; GP=24-72 h) was related to IVDMD72.
Findings/conclusions: The cactus pear-hibiscus grain silages inclusion had the same IVDMD72 that conventional diets but decreased the CH4 emissions and the GWPI