Revista Agro Productividad
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Quality and postharvest life of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Produced under saline stress conditions
Get PDFObjective: To determine the post-harvest physiological behavior and quality change of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown under saline stress conditions.
Design/methodology/approach: Tomato fruit quality variables (firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH), respiration rate and weight loss were compared at harvest time and after storage (seven days at room temperature) of fruit grown under saline stress (adding 250 mM sodium chloride), with respect to fruit non-stressed control.
Results: The tomato fruit grown under saline stress presented higher (p<0.05) total soluble solids (6.92±0.22 °Brix) and titratable acidity (0.39±0.03 %), compared to the control fruit. No significant difference was found in the fruit firmness (13.01 N) or pH (5.86), at harvest time and after storage. Respiration rate decreased in both cases, from 30.77 at harvest time to 17.70 after storage, but weight loss was not affected (11.50 %).
Limitations on study/implications: Soil sampling in the production area, to measure the fruit quality and its post-harvest physiological behavior are needed on a larger scale.
Findings/conclusions: Saline stress increases the total soluble solids and titratable acidity, but does not affect the firmness, pH, weight loss and respiration rate of tomato fruit at harvest time and after storage at room temperature.Objective: To determine the post-harvest physiological behavior and quality changes of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown under saline stress conditions.
Design/methodology/approach: Tomato fruit quality variables (firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH), along with respiration rate and weight loss were assessed at harvest and after seven days of storage at room temperature. These parameters were compared between fruits grown under saline stress (250 mM sodium chloride) and non-stressed control fruits.
Results: Tomato fruits grown under saline stress exhibited higher (p<0.05) total soluble solids (6.92±0.22 °Brix) and titratable acidity (0.39±0.03 %), compared to the control fruits. No significant differences were observed in fruit firmness (13.01 N) or pH (5.86), at harvest time and after storage. The respiration rate decreased in both groups, from 30.77 at harvest time to 17.70 after storage; however, weight loss was not affected (11.50 %).
Limitations on study/implications: Soil sampling in the production area, to measure the fruit quality and its post-harvest physiological behavior are needed on a larger scale.
Findings/conclusions: Saline stress increases the total soluble solids and titratable acidity, but does not affect the firmness, pH, weight loss and respiration rate of tomato fruit at harvest time and after storage at room temperature
Sodium Chloride in the Germination and Initial Growth of Three Huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae) Cultivars
Get PDFObjective: To determine the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) and cultivar on germination and initial growth of huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae).
Design/methodology/approach: A 3 × 5 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted. Three huauzontle cultivars (Mexico City, Puebla, and Tlaxcala) and five doses of NaCl (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mM) were evaluated. Each treatment had five replicates. The germination percentage was evaluated 24 h after sowing, plant height of the seedlings for 11 d, and the weights of fresh and dry biomass were determined at 11 d after germination. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05), and a regression model was generated for the variable seedling height as a function of the time of exposure to NaCl.
Results: Seed germination began 24 h after sowing in the three cultivars at all NaCl concentrations evaluated. The germination percentage was reduced by 17.6% at 300 mM compared to the control without salinity. Seedling height was higher in the Mexico City and Tlaxcala cultivars at 75 and 150 mM compared to the control; in these treatments, growth was only inhibited with 300 mM NaCl. On the contrary, the Puebla cultivar showed a reduction in growth starting at 225 mM NaCl. The weights of fresh and dry biomass were only affected by the cultivar study factor, where Mexico City followed by Puebla had the highest means; both higher than Tlaxcala.
Limitations of the study/implications: This study only considers the germination and initial growth phases in the three huauzontle cultivars. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of salinity in later phenological stages.
Findings/conclusions: The responses observed in huauzontle in germination and initial growth depend on the NaCl concentration and the cultivar. The germination percentage decreased only with the 300 mM NaCl dose with respect to the control. NaCl at doses of 75 and 150 mM NaCl promoted growth in the Mexico City and Tlaxcala cultivars. The Mexico City cultivar had the highest fresh and dry biomass weights, followed by Puebla and Tlaxcala.
Objective: To determine the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) and cultivar on germination and initial growth of huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae).
Design/methodology/approach: A 3 × 5 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted. Three huauzontle cultivars (Mexico City, Puebla, and Tlaxcala) and five doses of NaCl (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mM) were evaluated. Each treatment had five replicates. The germination percentage was evaluated 24 h after sowing, plant height of the seedlings for 11 d, and the weights of fresh and dry biomass were determined at 11 d after germination. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05), and a regression model was generated for the variable seedling height as a function of the time of exposure to NaCl.
Results: Seed germination began 24 h after sowing in the three cultivars at all NaCl concentrations evaluated. The germination percentage was reduced by 17.6% at 300 mM compared to the control without salinity. Seedling height was higher in the Mexico City and Tlaxcala cultivars at 75 and 150 mM compared to the control; in these treatments, growth was only inhibited with 300 mM NaCl. On the contrary, the Puebla cultivar showed a reduction in growth starting at 225 mM NaCl. The weights of fresh and dry biomass were only affected by the cultivar study factor, where Mexico City followed by Puebla had the highest means; both higher than Tlaxcala.
Limitations of the study/implications: This study only considers the germination and initial growth phases in the three huauzontle cultivars. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of salinity in later phenological stages.
Findings/conclusions: The responses observed in huauzontle in germination and initial growth depend on the NaCl concentration and the cultivar. The germination percentage decreased only with the 300 mM NaCl dose with respect to the control. NaCl at doses of 75 and 150 mM NaCl promoted growth in the Mexico City and Tlaxcala cultivars. The Mexico City cultivar had the highest fresh and dry biomass weights, followed by Puebla and Tlaxcala
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF NORTHERN PUEBLA
Get PDFObjective: To identify the organizational forms that communities use to manage water, establishing the dialogical factors that communities build to strengthen their water-based ties. Methodology: The study was conducted in eight communities of the Sierra Norte of Puebla. An action research approach was used to study community water management in eight auxiliary boards of the municipality of Ixtacamaxtitlán, state of Puebla. Results: Seven water sources were identified, including one intercommunity source. The 8 auxiliary boards are built around these sources and they are organized to manage the home and irrigation water supply as a community. Differences in organization were identified depending on the land ownership type of the water source location, water fees, number of users, and years of management of the source. Study Limitations/Implications: The mining conflicts in the study region limited field work. Conclusions: Users have more access to water sources in ejidos than in small private properties. In the first case, water is considered a collective resource, while in the second case, water is a private resource
Zinc oxide nanoparticles vs Zn- EDTA in the growth and production of strawberry crops (Fragaria x ananassa Duch)
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this work was to evaluate and to compare the zinc oxide nanoparticles and Zn-EDTA on growth, nutrient concentration of zinc in the leaf, and strawberry production. Design/methodology: Strawberry plants were used, established in plastic bags with a mixture of substrate. Two factors were evaluated, the first one was the dosages of ZnO NPs (100, 200, 500, 1000 mg L-1), plus treatment with Zn-EDTA and a control, and the second factor, form of application (foliar and to the substrate). The design used was a factorial plus, through a completely randomized. Growth was measured, foliar and fruit Zn concentration was determined, the number of flowers and fruits per plant was counted, and the variables of firmness and total soluble solids of fruits were quantified. Results: The results obtained indicate that the foliar application of the 200 mg L-1 dosage of ZnO NPs caused the greatest plant height, as well as the greatest number of flowers, crowns and fruits per plant, and the greatest production. The highest leaf zinc concentrations within the sufficiency range were observed with the foliar application of 100 and 200 mg L-1. Conclusion: The study allows inferring that the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles is an alternative fertilizer source with respect to conventional Zn sources to improve growth, zinc concentration and fruit production in strawberry.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effects on growth between zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Zn-EDTA, nutrient concentration of zinc in leaf and fruit, and strawberry production.
Design/methodology/approach: Strawberry plants were used, established in plastic bags with a mixture of substrate, peat and agrolite. Two factors were evaluated: first, the concentration of ZnO NPs (100, 200, 500, 1000 mg L-1), plus treatment with Zn-EDTA and a control; and the second, manner of application (foliar and to the substrate). A completely randomized increased factorial design was used. Growth was measured, leaf and fruit zinc concentration was determined, the number of flowers and weight of fruits per plant, and the variables of firmness and total soluble solids of fruits were quantified.
Results: The results obtained indicate that the foliar application of the 200 mg L-1 dosage of ZnO NPs caused the greatest plant height, as well as the highest number of flowers, crowns and fruits per plant, and the greatest production. The highest leaf zinc concentrations within the sufficiency interval were observed with the leaf application of 100 and 200 mg L-1 of ZnO NPs.
Findings/conclusions: The study allows inferring that the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles is an alternative source of fertilizer with respect to conventional Zn sources to improve growth, zinc concentration and fruit production in strawberry
Areas with agroecological potential for Agave cupreata (Trel. & Berger) plantations in Guerrero, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Determine areas with agroecological potential for Agave cupreata (Trel. & Berger) plantations in Guerrero, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: 54 specimens of A. cupreata were characterized; phenotypic, agroclimatic and agroecological data were recorded for each specimen. Information from 123 herbarium specimens and information available in the literature was consulted; In addition, representatives of the State Council of Mezcal in Guerrero and other companies were interviewed, with the purpose of identifying possible areas excluded in the field or herbarium review work, which were validated with field observations. This information was processed with the ArcGIS program Version: 10.3.1 Copyright ©1999-2015 Esri Inc., with which a Geographic Information System (GIS) was built, obtaining the distribution map as well as the edaphoclimatic and agroecological requirements of A. cupreata in Guerrero, information that allowed the delimitation of optimal, suboptimal and marginal areas for its establishment. The validation of the information was carried out through field trips to specific areas to verify the agroecological variables of the potential areas defined in this research.
Results: 673,084.16 ha were determined with optimal agroecological potential and 1,942,072.86 ha with suboptimal potential.
Limitations on study/implications: It is suggested to complement it with studies of productivity, population ecology, intra- and interpopulation genetic variability, in A. cupreata plantations and magueyeras.
Findings/conclusions: The North, Center and Mountain regions were the ones with the largest optimal surfaces, coinciding with the areas where mezcal production is concentrated in Guerrero.
Objective: to determine areas with agroecological potential for Agave cupreata (Trel. & Berger) plantations in the state of Guerrero, Mexico.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: fifty-four specimens of A. cupreata were characterized. For each specimen, phenotypical, agroclimatic and agroecological data were recorded. Information from 123 herbarium specimens and information available in the literature were consulted. In addition, representatives of the State Council of Mezcal in Guerrero and other companies were interviewed, in order to identify possible areas excluded in the field. As well as in the specimens reviewed at the herbarium, which were validated with field observations. This information was processed in ArcGIS© version 10.3.1 (Esri Inc., 1999-2015, United States), with which a geographic information system was built and the distribution map was obtained, as well as the soil and climate and agroecological requirements of A. cupreata in the state of Guerrero. This information allowed the delimitation of the optimal, suboptimal and marginal areas for establishing agave plants. The validation of the information was made through field trips to specific areas to validate the agroecological variables of the potential areas defined in this study.
Results: areas comprising 673 084.16 ha with optimal agroecological potential, and 1 942 072.86 ha with suboptimal potential were determined.
Limitations/ Implications of the study: it is suggested to complement with studies on productivity, population ecology, intra- and inter population genetic variability, in plantations and natural population (called in Mexico ‘magueyeras’) of A. cupreata.
Findings/ Conclusions: in the state of Guerrero (Mexico), North, Central and Mountain regions were those with the highest number of optimal areas, which coincides with the areas where mezcal (a strong and dry alcoholic beverage distilled from the sap of Agave plants) production is concentrated.
Alternative substrates for the production of container-grown Mexican cempaxóchitl (Tagetes erecta L.)
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate substrate mixtures for the production of Mexican marigolds grown in containers in the community of Santa Cruz Itundujia, Oaxaca.
Methods: Four soil mixtures were tested: 1) 70% ocote pine needles + 30% soil, 2) 70% leaf mold + 30% soil, 3) 70% river sand + 30% soil, and 4) 70% sawdust + 30% soil. Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta) var. Inca II Deep Orange plants were established in pots under open field conditions. Height, number of leaves, plant width, branching, leaf area, and number of buds were evaluated in the different phenological stages of the plant; the last measurement was made at the flowering stage. Soil fertility parameters were analyzed, and physical analysis of the substrates was performed.
Results: The treatments produced differential results; ocote pine needles + soil and leaf mold + soil were the best for producing container-grown marigolds. The lowest results in yield variables were found with the river sand + soil mixture.
Implications: Using local and inexpensive substrates will impact production costs for marigold farmers. Currently, a variety of commercial mixes and substrates of foreign origin are available and used for the production of container-grown plants.
Conclusions: The best results were obtained with organic substrates, specifically with ocote pine needles and leaf mold. The mixture with sawdust did not show good results in the tested variables, possibly due to this material’s high carbon/nitrogen ratio. The lowest results were obtained with the sand + soil treatment.
Keywords: Asteraceae, yield, sawdust, needle, Tagetes erectaObjective: To evaluate substrate mixtures for the production of Mexican marigolds grown in containers in the community of Santa Cruz Itundujia, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Methods: Four mixtures were tested: 1) 70% ocote pine needles + 30% soil, 2) 70% leaf mold + 30% soil, 3) 70% river sand + 30% soil, and 4) 70% sawdust + 30% soil. Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta) var. Inca II Deep Orange plants were established in pots under open field conditions. Height, number of leaves, plant width, branching, leaf area, and number of buds were evaluated in the different phenological stages of the plant (15, 45 and 90 days after transplant). Soil fertility parameters were analyzed, and physical analysis of the substrates was performed.
Results: The treatments produced differential results; ocote pine needles + soil and leaf mold + soil were the best for producing container-grown marigolds. The lowest results in yield variables were found with the river sand + soil mixture.
Implications: Using local and inexpensive substrates will impact production costs for marigold farmers. Currently, a variety of commercial mixes and substrates of foreign origin are available and used for the production of container-grown plants.
Conclusions: The best substrate for the cultivation of pot-grown Tagetes erecta var. Inca II Deep Orange under open field conditions were soil + ocote pine needles and soil + leaf mold. These materials are common, cheap and easily acquired in the region, which will facilitate the production of various ornamental species in containers based on the results of this researc
Pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus [Haworth] Britton & Rose) marketing margins for its sustainable development in Belize
Get PDFObjective: To determine the marketing margins and direct participation of the pitahaya producer in Belize for the sustainable development of the crop.Design/methodology/approach: Information was obtained between October and December 2022, through the implementation of participatory workshops with producers and members of the pitahaya production chain in the Cayo and Orange Wolk districts, Belize.Results: The participating agents in the pitahaya marketing process are producer-consumer (100%). The gross marketing margin was 40 %, which indicated that for every peso paid by pitahaya consumers, 40 cents corresponded to the intermediation process and 60 cents went to the producer.Limitations of the study/implications: It is important to conduct an in-depth market analysis.Findings/conclusions: Pitahaya cultivation is incipient in Belize, but has high potential due to the country's climatic conditions. The marketing channel used is producer-consumer. Belizean producers obtained 60% of the total price paid by the consumer.Objective: To determine the marketing margins and direct participation of producers in Belize aimed to support the sustainable development of pitahaya.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The information was collected between October and December 2022, implementing participatory workshops with producers and members of the pitahaya production chain in the Cayo and Orange Walk districts, Belize.
Results: The producer and the consumer (90%) are the main participating agents of the pitahaya marketing process. The gross marketing margin amounted to 40%, which indicated that, for every dollar paid by pitahaya consumers, 40 cents went to the intermediaries, while 60 cents went to the producers.
Study Limitations/Implications: An in-depth market analysis should be carried out.
Findings/Conclusions: Pitahaya cultivation is just starting in Belize. Nevertheless, the country’s climate provides it with a high potential for success. The main marketing channel is made up of the producer and the final consumer. Belizean producers obtained 60% of the total price paid by the final consumer
Determination of Combinatorial Ability and Heterosis in Capsicum chinense Jacq., using Line × Tester Analysis Method
Get PDFObjective: Know the combinatory ability and heterosis in yield parameters and fruit quality, in nine genotypes of Habanero Chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.).
Design/methodology/approach: In order to know the combinatory ability and heterosis in yield parameters and fruit quality, were crossed nine genotypes of Capsicum c hinense Jacq. (Habanero Chilli) in a Line × Tester (7 × 2) mating design. The parental lines and combination of crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Yucatan Scientific Research Center during the 2018 and 2019.
Results: The results showed the lines 3 and 7, presented a high and positive general combinatory ability (GCA) for most of the parameters studied, the tester 1 presented a high GCA for yield per plant (YP) with 0.45. The cross L1 × T2 presented the highest value of specific combining ability (SCA) for YP with 0.50. The highest heterosis (171.01%) was observed in the L1 × T1 cross for capsaicin content (CC). Tester 1 was identified as a promising genotype for breeding Capsicum chinense Jacq.
Findings/conclusions: Line 7 and Tester 1 was identified as promising genotypes for crop breeding Capsicum chinense Jacq
Glyphosate-, carbofuran-, and chlorpyrifos-tolerant Priestia aryabhattai, isolated from agricultural soils
Get PDFObjective: To isolate and carry out a molecular characterization of microorganisms potentially tolerant to high concentrations of different pesticides (glyphosate, carbofuran, and chlorpyrifos).
Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the isolate project SIP20170193, only the strain GVE 5 was chosen for the experiment, as a result of its morphological and growth characteristics. The tolerance capacity (TC) of GVE 5 to three different pesticides (glyphosate, carbofuran, and chlorpyrifos) was evaluated in two different media (LB and M9). The only carbon source was 200 mg/L of each pesticide. GVE 5 was identified through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) molecular techniques and amplified by the 16S rRNA marker.
Results: Based on the TC analysis, the GVE 5 strain of Priestia aryabhattai recorded a growth with 200 mg L-1 of glyphosate, carbofuran, and chlorpyrifos in LB medium and M9 minimal medium.
Study Limitations/Implications: There were no limitations or implications for this study.
Findings/Conclusions: Priestia aryabhattai is tolerant to 200 mg L-1 of glyphosate, carbofuran, and chlorpyrifos. These results open new lines of research regarding the bioremediation of soils polluted by these agrochemicals. Priestia aryabhattai should be subjected to further evaluations as a plant growth promoter
Extraction of nitrogen and distribution of dry matter in forage corn (Zea mays L.) in a clayey soil
Get PDFObjective: To analyze nitrogen extraction in forage maize (Zea mays L.) and its distribution in the plant's stems, leaves, ears, and husks under different fertilization rates, and to determine the total dry matter (DM) yield in the plant and in each of its organs.
Design/methodology/approach: Plots of forage maize were established to evaluate treatments with different nitrogen fertilization rates in a randomized complete block design with four replications in clay-textured soil.
Results: The behavior of nitrogen extraction in forage maize production on clay soil was observed. No significant differences were found among the treatments. The DM yield was very low, ranging from 13.72 to 16.52 t ha⁻¹. The percentage of DM distribution was higher in the ear and lower in the husks, and the same pattern was observed for N extraction. Findings/conclusions: The dry matter yield in forage maize was not significantly affected by the applied nitrogen rates, and the yield was very low. The percentage of dry matter in the ear did not reach the 45% that the crop should have. Palabras clave: N rates, yield, plant organs