Revista Agro Productividad
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Prospects in Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) production in Mexico in relation to temperature fluctuations
Get PDFObjective: To establish a time series model correlating vanilla production with temperature variation to forecast vanilla production in Mexico.Design/methodology/approach: Data on vanilla production in Mexico (Tons) and the annual average temperature were obtained for the period 1985-2020. An ARIMA model was constructed; Granger causality test was conducted to determine the effect of temperature on vanilla production, in addition to evaluating the orthogonal response of the model. A forecast for vanilla production was made for the period 2020-2040.Results: ARIMA (1,1,1) model was found, and the influence of temperature on vanilla production was determined. Both thermal variation and the production of the last three years determine current production. A reduction in the quantity of tons of vanilla produced in the coming years is expected. It is considered that this cultivation is highly sensitive to sudden increases or decreases in temperature.Limitations on study/implications: Vanilla cultivation is sensitive to temperature variation; therefore, in the face of climate change, it is considered necessary to take a series of actions in the present. These actions encompass a genetic perspective, new cultivation methods and locations, as well as technological investment.Findings/conclusions: Vanilla production is influenced by temperature variation and is sensitive to sudden increases or declines. If actions are not taken in the present, a reduction in the national production of vanilla in Mexico is expected due to climate change.Objective: To establish a time series model correlating vanilla production with temperature variation to forecast vanilla production in Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: Data on vanilla production in Mexico (Tons) and the annual average temperature were obtained for the period 1985-2020. An ARIMA model was constructed; Granger causality test was conducted to determine the effect of temperature on vanilla production, in addition to evaluating the orthogonal response of the model. A forecast for vanilla production was made for the period 2020-2040.
Results: ARIMA (1,1,1) model was found, and the influence of temperature on vanilla production was determined. Both thermal variation and the production of the last three years determine current production. A reduction in the quantity of tons of vanilla produced in the coming years is expected. It is considered that this cultivation is highly sensitive to sudden increases or decreases in temperature.
Limitations on study/implications: Vanilla cultivation is sensitive to temperature variation; therefore, in the face of climate change, it is considered necessary to take a series of actions in the present. These actions encompass a genetic perspective, new cultivation methods and locations, as well as technological investment.
Findings/conclusions: Vanilla production is influenced by temperature variation and is sensitive to sudden increases or declines. If actions are not taken in the present, a reduction in the national production of vanilla in Mexico is expected due to climate change
Scientific research on exotic and native fish farming in Mexico: a sci-entometric view.
Get PDFObjective: To analyze through a scientometric study, the research effort in Mexico on the study of native and exotic fish species with aquaculture production technology, indexed in Scopus.
Design/methodology/approach: Fish species were selected based on a previous study and communications with researchers. Scientific articles from 1990 to 2023 were collected from the Scopus database, focusing on studies conducted by Mexican institutions. Data were transferred to Excel® sheets for analysis, including number of publications, topics, institutions, funding sources and open access documents.
Results: The species that shows the greatest number of articles published is Oreochromis niloticus, although there is a clear interest in addressing studies on native species. In general, scientific production is led by institutions such as UNAM, IPN, UABC, CIAD and CIBNOR. The dominant topics are aquaculture, ecology, biochemistry, immunology, and parasitology. CONAHCYT is the main source of funding. About half of the publications were open access.
Limitations on study/implications: The study is limited to the Scopus database, which is the one that includes the largest number of journals worldwide. However, by not including other databases the results could have a slight bias, although we do not consider that the trends changed significantly.
Findings/conclusions: Fish research in Mexico shows a positive outlook, with great interest in several species. However, it faces challenges such as the concentration of effort on exotic species, and the impact of the pandemic on research. A balanced approach is needed to encourage research on native species and facilitate open access to scientific information. This will strengthen fish research in Mexico and enhance its impact on the development of the country
Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) plants infected with phytopathogens that cause damping off
Get PDFObjective: To determine the effect of single or combined inoculations of three rhizobacteria strains and a mycorrhizae consortium in chili seedlings infected with phytopathogens that cause damping off.
Design/methodology/approach: Guajillo chili seeds were used in this experiment. In addition, three growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains and an arbuscular mycorrhizae fungal consortium were used as beneficial microorganisms, while Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia sp. were used as phytopathogens. The following variables were evaluated 53 days after emergence: dry weight (mg plant-1), leaf phosphorous and nitrogen content (mg plant-1), and the percentage of total mycorrhizal colonization (%). Each variable was subjected to a one-way ANOVA. Afterwards, the post hoc test of the Tukey method was used to compare the results, considering that P < 0.05 values were significant.
Results: Overall, the single or combined inoculation of the B8, B14, B23, and Glomus spp. (Zac-19) strains efficiently controlled damping off. These treatments recorded a higher dry matter production and nutrient content than chili plants infected with phytopathogens to which no beneficial microorganisms were applied.
Limitations on study/implications: The seedlings could have been transplanted into larger containers.
Findings/conclusions: The beneficial microorganisms had a positive effect on the growth and health of the guajillo chili seedlings. Consequently, their use is a biotechnological alternative to control damping off.three rhizobacteria strains and a mycorrhizae consortium in chili seedlings infected with phytopathogens that cause damping off.
Design/methodology/approach: Guajillo chili seeds were used in this experiment. In addition, three growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains and an arbuscular mycorrhizae fungal consortium were used as beneficial microorganisms, while Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia sp. were used as phytopathogens. The following variables were evaluated 53 days after emergence: dry weight (mg plant-1), leaf phosphorous and nitrogen content (mg plant-1), and the percentage of total mycorrhizal colonization (%). Each variable was subjected to a one-way ANOVA. Afterwards, the post hoc test of the Tukey method was used to compare the results, considering that P < 0.05 values were significant.
Results: Overall, the single or combined inoculation of the B8, B14, B23, and Glomus spp. (Zac-19) strains efficiently controlled damping off. These treatments recorded a higher dry matter production and nutrient content than chili plants infected with phytopathogens to which no beneficial microorganisms were applied.
Limitations on study/implications: The seedlings could have been transplanted into larger containers.
Findings/conclusions: The beneficial microorganisms had a positive effect on the growth and health of the guajillo chili seedlings. Consequently, their use is a biotechnological alternative to control damping off
Sublethal Effects on the Biological Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) When Consuming Neem
Get PDFObjective: The Fall armyworm S. frugiperda was bred in laboratory and put under dose of watery extracts andoil of seed of A. indica with the aim of determining and to quantify the alterations in the biological developmentof larvae and pupae of caused by the consumption of A. indica and the doses in which the alterations happen.Design/Methodology/Approach: Two experiments were development. In one eight doses were evaluated,with watery extract of seed of A. indica in 4.0, 1.0, 0.7, 0.4, 0.1, 0.07, 0.04 and 0.01%. In the second the doses ofoil of A. indica were evaluated 0.16, 0.09, 0.02, 0.016, 0.009, 0.002, 0.0016 and 0.0009%. In both experimentsthe variables were quantified: duration of the stage of larvae and pupae, survival of the larval stage and pupae,survival of the larva stage and pupae and weight of pupae.Results: The larvae prolonged their development in three days more than the witness when consuming wateryextract of A. indica; They reduced its survival like la rvae and pupa in 18 and 27.5% respectively. In Addition,was reduced the weight of pupas. When consuming oil of A. indica, the larvae delayed their development fromthree to 15 and 19 days more than the witness.Study limitations/Implications: The study was carried out under laboratory conditions and in a single cycle;it is desirable to repeat the study for more cycles and with different populations of fall armyworm.Finding/Conclusions: The adverse effects in larvae were pronounced of three forms: 1) the duration of thelarval stage altered when staying the larvae by more days in that stage without changing pupae. 2) the survivalof the larval stage was reduced and 3) it decreased weight of pupa
Forest Management and Tree Species Diversity in a Temperate Forest of the Meseta Purhépecha, Michoacán
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate how traditional forest management practices impact the diversity and structure of temperate forests in the Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro Indigenous Community (ICNSJP), with the goal of providing information on the sustainable management of these forests.
Design/methodology/approach: Forest inventory data were collected and analyzed in stands treated with four thinning (A4) through the Silvicultural Development Method (SDM) and contrasted with stands that have not been intervened for more than 30 years (A0). Diversity indices and stand variables were used to statistically compare the effects of the treatments.
Results: In total 20 species were recorded, 13 in A0 and 18 in A4. The true diversity (q1) recorded a value of 3.3±1.6 in A4 and 1.9±0.8 in A0, although this difference was not statistically significant. The species with highest importance value were Pinus douglasiana Martinez (30%) for A0 and P. pseudostrobus Lindl (27%) for A4.
Limitations on study/implications: According to the SDM, the cutting cycle in A4 has not yet ended since the release and regeneration treatments are missing, therefore, monitoring is recommended to evaluate the effect of the SDM more comprehensively on diversity and structure in the forests of the ICNSJP.
Findings/conclusions: Forest management in the ICNSJP has shown a positive effect in terms of species diversity and due to its commercial value, the development of P. pseudostrobus has been favored. In general, forest management has contributed to socioeconomic development by promoting species diversity, a key element for sustainable development
Risk factors associated with the use and management of pesticides in the production of nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill)
Get PDFObjective: verify the risk factors associated with the use of agrochemicals, through the degree of compliance with the national regulations on the Good Use and Management of Pesticides (GUMP).
Design/methodology/approach: a questionnaire was carried out to 100 producers, selected from a population of 300 producers that make up the census of the nopal product system of the state of Morelos. The questionnaire involved data on information on the orchard, market, open questions and compliance or not with the checklist for the recognition of areas with the application of good use and management of pesticides (GUMP) in the primary production of vegetables of the Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria.
Results: of the producers surveyed, 43 were unrecognized and 57 recognized in GUMP. Whether producers complied with this regulation and could have access to the export market depended on the cultivated area and the economic income it represents. The greatest non-compliance was due to the use of pesticides without authorization for their use in the crop, which represents a risk of contamination for the worker, the environment and consumers.
Limitations on study/implications: it is suggested to carry out studies on the impact of the inappropriate use of pesticides on the health of agricultural workers, the environment and consumers.
Findings/conclusions: the implementation of GUMP in the cultivation of nopal vegetables minimizes the risks of contamination or intoxication. However, the use of synthetic pesticides not authorized for the cultivation of nopal vegetables implies risks of contamination for the worker, consumer, and the environment. Therefore, strategies must be generated to guarantee the food safety as in the international market.Objective: To verify the risk factors associated with the use of agrochemicals, through the degree of compliancewith Mexican regulations on the Good Use and Management of Pesticides (BUMP).Design/Methodology/Approach: One-hundred producers, selected from a group of 300 producers who make up the register of the Sistema Producto Nopal in Morelos, Mexico, answered the questionnaire. The questionnaire included plot information, market data, and open questions about the compliance with the checklist for the recognition of areas where Good Use and Management of Pesticides (BUMP) standards are applied in the primary production of vegetables of the National Service of Health, Food Safety and Agro Food Quality (SENASICA)Results: Out of all the one-hundred producers surveyed, 57 were recognized in BUMP and 43 were not. Whether producers complied or not with these regulations and could have access to the export market depended on the crop area and the economic income it represents. The greatest non-compliance was caused by the non-authorized use of pesticides in the production of nopal, which represents a contamination risk for the worker, the environment, and the consumers.Study Limitations/Implications: Studies should be carried out about the impact on the health of farm workers and the environment resulting from the inappropriate use of pesticides.Findings/Conclusions: Although the implementation of BUMP in the nopal cultivation minimized the risks of contamination or poisoning, the non-authorized use of synthetic pesticides for its cultivation poses contamination risks to the worker, consumer, and environment. Therefore, strategies must be generated in the domestic market to guarantee the same food safety than in the international market
Potential Distribution Models for Predicting Human-Black Bear (Ursus americanus var. eremicus) Interactions in the Sierra de Zápaliname Natural Reserve, Saltillo, Coahuila: Black Bear Potential Distribution Models
No full textThis research analyzed the interactions between humans and bears in the ejidos of the Sierra de Zápaliname Natural Reserve and the urban area of Saltillo. Historical data provided by the Department of the Environment of the State of Coahuila and PROFAUNA. Were used a database of approximately 481 georeferenced records of Human-Black Bear Interactions (IHO) for the year 2021. From these records and their relationship with physiographic variables (slope, aspect, elevation, roughness) and environmental variables (normalized difference vegetation index and a humidity detection index), potential distribution models were developed with the algorithm of support vector machine which is characterized by the assumption of the Greenelian niche theory. Six potential distribution maps were generated, divided into two rainy and dry periods and three types of interaction: sightings, agricultural-livestock conflicts and captures. In all models, a common pattern was found where the sites with the highest probability of IHO are places close to human settlements and areas where agriculture, livestock and landfill activities are carried out.Objetive:This research analyzed the interactions between humans and bears in the ejidos of the Sierra de Zápaliname Natural Reserve and the urban area of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A database of approximately 481 georeferenced records of Human-Black Bear Interactions (IHO) for the year 2021 was used. Based on these records and their relationship with physiographic variables (slope, aspect, elevation, roughness) and environmental variables (normalized difference vegetation index and a humidity detection index), potential distribution models were developed using the support vector machine algorithm, which is characterized by the assumption of the Greenelian niche theory.
Results: Six potential distribution maps were generated, divided into two rainy and dry periods and three types of interaction: sightings, agricultural-livestock conflicts and captures.
Findings/Conclusions: In all models, a common pattern was found where the sites with the highest probability of IHO are places close to human settlements and areas where agriculture, livestock and landfill activities occur
Evaluation of Commercial Biostimulants at Three Planting Densities in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Crop, Guerrero Variety: Evaluation of commercial biostimulants in three sowing densities of hibiscus crops grown in greenhouses
No full textObjective: The objective was to evaluate the physiological and productive response of Jamaica in the induction of three commercial biostimulants in three greenhouse planting densities. Design/methodology/approach: The experiment consisted of three treatments and a control; T1 (high density) with Super Hormonal, T2 (low density) with Cito Xplosión, T3 (medium density) with Vitaminum Forte and Control (TES). The physiological variables evaluated were (height, stem diameter, number of branches, fresh and dry biomass), yield (fresh and dry weight of calyxes) and quality (titratable acidity, total soluble solids (°Brix), pH and electrical conductivity). Results: In the physiological variables, heights of 168.3, 187.3, 219.5, 183.3 cm were obtained for T1, T2, T3 and TES. For stem diameter, T2 was better with 2.9 cm, while T3 was better in number of branches. T2 presented a greater number of calyxes, however, the best yield was obtained in T1 with 25.9 t ha-1 of fresh calyxes and 3.86 t ha-1 of dry calyxes. In the quality variables, the TES was better with 10.1 in °Brix and 45.8 meq/100 g of titratable acidity, while the T1 was better in pH and electrical conductivity. Limitations on study/implications: evaluate other biostimulants in other planting densities and modify the concentration of the nutrient solution to know the physiological and productive response of the plant. Findings/conclusions: The use of biostimulants in combination with agronomic management and nutrition can substantially improve the yield and quality variables of dry calyxes.Objective: The objective was to evaluate the physiological and productive response of roselle crop in the induction of three commercial biostimulants in three greenhouse planting densities.
Design/methodology/approach: The experiment consisted of three treatments and a control; T1 (high density) with Super Hormonal, T2 (low density) with Cito Xplosion, T3 (medium density) with Vitaminum Forte and Control (TES). The physiological variables evaluated were (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, fresh and dry biomass), yield (fresh and dry weight of calyxes) and quality (titratable acidity, total soluble solids (°Brix), pH and electrical conductivity).
Results: plant heights of 168.3, 187.3, 219.5, 183.3 cm were obtained for T1, T2, T3 and control. For stem diameter, T2 was better with 2.9 cm, while T3 was better in number of branches. T2 presented a greater number of calyxes, however, the best yield was obtained in T1 with 25.9 t ha-1 of fresh calyxes and 3.86 t ha-1 of dry calyxes. The control was better with 10.1 in °Brix and 45.8 meq/100 g of titratable acidity, while the T1 was better in pH and electrical conductivity as quality parameters.
Limitations on study/implications: evaluate other biostimulants in other planting densities and modify the concentration of the nutrient solution to know the physiological and productive response of the plant.
Findings/conclusions: The use of biostimulants in combination with agronomic management and nutrition can substantially improve the yield and quality variables of dry calyxes
Alternative Solution to Estimate Cucumber Crop Evapotranspiration in Shade Nets for the Valle de Culiacán, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: This work aimed to estimate the evapotranspiration of cucumber crop grown in a shade house in Valle de Culiacán, México.
Design/methodology/approach: The FAO56 method was used with a variation of the FAO Penman-Monteith equation, and a non-conventional evaporimeter to measure evaporation inside the shade house. Using the estimated reference evapotranspiration and the measured evaporation, pan coefficients were calculated, and a mathematical model was proposed to calculate this coefficient based on the meteorological parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, and net solar radiation.
Results: The estimated crop evapotranspiration was 417.6 mm. The linear regression between the reference evapotranspiration estimated with FAO56 and calculated with evaporation and adjusted evaporimeter pan coefficient yielded excellent statistical estimators (R2>0.9).
Findings/conclusions: The analysis of the evaporimeter pan coefficient's dependence on meteorological parameters indicates a strong dependence on air temperature, net solar radiation, and vapor pressure deficit, but not on relative humidity.
Response to chemical and organic fertilization in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Mejhoul variety in Northwestern Mexico
Get PDFThis research was conducted to determine the effect of chemical, organic, and combined fertilization on the fruit yield of the Mejhoul date palm variety in Northwestern of Mexico. The variables measured were polar diameter, equatorial diameter of the fruit, roundness index, number of clusters, number of leaves per palm, number of leaves per cluster, fruits with separated skin, dried fruits and commercial yield. The design used was complete randomized blocks with five replicates, where each palm tree was the experimental unit. The results indicate that chemical fertilization 262N-138P2O5-540K2O alone or in combination with compost application (three or six tons per hectare) increases polar and equatorial diameter, promoting the oval growth of dates. Fruits with separated skin continue to occur regardless of the origin of the fertilizers. The number of fruits increases with chemical fertilization, but the total yield of dates remains consistent across the treatments evaluated. In conclusion, date palms respond favorably to the combination of chemical and organic fertilization, but date yields did not increase