Revista Agro Productividad
Not a member yet
2268 research outputs found
Sort by
Disinfestation of Agave angustifolia Haw. collected in the field prior to in vitro culture
Get PDFObjective: to determine a disinfestation procedure for in vitro establishing of Agave angustifolia Haw. explants collected in the field.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: seven agave plants per treatment were placed in perlite to contrast six treatments; two agrochemicals (Benomyl 2 g L-1 and Actara 0.5 g L-1) and three contact times (10, 20 and 30 days). The stems of the plants were sectioned in 4 – 6 segments, after treatment with alcohol 80%, chlorine 30% and hydrogen peroxide 20%, to later place them in vitro. Usually there is contamination of explants mainly by bacteria, so Pursue® was used at 25 and 50%, placing 20 explants in each concentration for 1 minute. The variables evaluated were percentage of visibly healthy explants, type of contamination. Due to the difference in the number of explants, no statistical tests were performed.
Results: the plants treated with Benomyl presented less contamination by fungi without considering the contact time. Bacteria were present in the different treatments used, however, in the explants with pretreated with Benomyl, 85% was obtained visibly healthy when Pursue® at 50% was used.
Study limitations/ Implications: other agrochemicals, such as specific bactericides are desirable to determine through their use, whether they mitigate in vitro contamination by pathogenic bacteria.
Findings/ Conclusions: pretreatments with agrochemicals for the in vitro establishing of plants collected from the field are necessary to increase the number of visually healthy explants. With the Pursue® product at 50%, up to 85% of explants can be obtained without the presence of fungi or bacteria
Musical education and resilience: A path to economic and emotional empowerment for rural children
Get PDFObjectives: (1) To identify the various factors that facilitate or hinder the development and consolidation of musical education for rural children; (2) to assess whether child harassment and bullying towards girls exists in a rural community; and (3) to analyze how the practice of music promotes a personal and economic empowerment —factors that facilitate resilience— among boys and girls.Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative research methodology was used. The unit of analysis comprised the child population of the Tepexilotla community, located within the mesophilic cloud forest in the Altas Montañas region of Veracruz. The sample of children was self-selected and comprised the participants in a musical group project that started with flutes. Based on participant and anecdotal observation, four thematic axes were selected: (1) musical education, (2) child harassment and bullying, (3) resilience, and (4) child empowerment.Results: Initially, 26 children participated —18 boys and eight girls. Boys had a larger learning territory because some girls suffered harassment and/or bullying by their classmates during lessons or on the way from home to school. This conduct led to a gradual drop-out among the girls in the group. After the departure of the music teacher, the presence and institutional accompaniment of the Colegio de Postgraduados strengthened group resilience through music master classes. Currently, most group members have become young independent musicians playing in different musical groups —an activity that enhances their economic, personal, and familyempowerment.Study limitations/implications: The study was conducted only among the child population of a rural microregion;it is not a quantitative study.Findings/Conclusions: Gender characteristics as construed under the patriarchy have a detrimental influence on the musical education of girls. On the other hand, they benefit boys by replicating the private space for girls and the public one for boys. Hence, boys have more opportunities for formative education, while girls see their educational development prevented or limited, which harms their future female economic empowerment. However, rural musical training is a splendid educational resource that strengthens economic and cultural empowerment opportunities among rural children and youth
Catiknifap, new native variety of Xcat ik pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFObjective: To describe morphological and agronomic characteristics of Catiknifap, a creole variety of Xcat ik pepper.
Design/methodology/approach: Catiknifap was formed by mass selection method from P108 accession collected in 2013 in Muna, Yucatan. Characterization and yield trails was carried out in greenhouse with 3 cycles during 2021 and 2022. Forty five characters were evaluated based on UPOV guidelines.
Results: Catiknifap is an early variety, fruits ripen between 77 and 81 days after transplanting. Its main morphological characteristic is the rounded shape at the junction with the peduncle. The yield depends on the growing season, it ranks from 32.3 to 42.3 t ha-1.
Limitations on study/implications: Essays were carried out in greenhouses, yield in open field may differ due to the effect of pests and diseases.
Findings/conclusions: Catiknifap is the first morphologically characterized variety of Xcat ik pepper. It is a variety with high yield potential for Yucatan, producing fruits in a homogeneous and stable way.O
Objective: To describe the morphological and agronomic characteristics of Catiknifap, a native variety of the Xcat ik pepper.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Catiknifap was formed by mass selection method from a P108 accession collected in 2013 in Muna, Yucatan. Characterization and yield trails were carried out in greenhouse during three cycles from 2021 to 2022. Forty-five characteristics were evaluated based on UPOV guidelines.
Results: Catiknifap is an early-ripening variety. Its fruits ripen between 77 and 81 days after transplanting. Its main morphological characteristic is the rounded shape at the junction with the peduncle. The yield depends on the growing season and ranges from 32.3 to 42.3 t ha-1.
Study Limitations/Implications: Assays were carried out in greenhouses. Pests and diseases may cause differences in open field yield.
Findings/Conclusions: Catiknifap is the first morphologically characterized variety of Xcat ik pepper. The fruits of this homogenous and stable variety have a high yield potential in Yucatan
Tanniferous trees used for gastrointestinal nematode control in small ruminants in tropical zones
Get PDFIn this review, we gathered information on the effect of the inclusion of tanniferous trees in the diet of small ruminants for the reduction of gastrointestinal parasites and weight gain in tropical areas. Tropical forage trees are characterized by high tannin content, protein and their nutritional potential with anthelmintic effect. Condensed tannins have a positive effect on the decrease of gastrointestinal nematodes and an increase in animal production, mainly on weight gain.The objective of this review is to present an overview of the potential of tanniferous trees for the control ofgastrointestinal nematodes in sheep in the tropics. A systematic review of scientific articles in various databaseswas carried out on the potential of tropical tanniferous trees, their effect on the control of gastrointestinalparasites and the improvement of weight gain, a range of 16 years (2006-2022) was considered in thepublications consulting a total of 150, of which 46 were related to the topic for the selection of information, atotal of 31 scientific articles were obtained, which were considered. Table 1 shows that foliage extracts of speciesconsidered tanniferous such as L. leucocephala cause inhibition of the hatching of eggs and on the infective larvaL3 of H. contortus. The bibliographic evidence consulted allows us to elucidate that the use of tropical trees withforage potential and high contents of condensed tannins in their tissues can be successfully used for the controlof gastrointestinal nematodes in vitro and in vivo. The largest percentage of those consulted used tannin-bearingplant extracts that have been shown to have anthelmintic properties and high nutrient content, making thema viable and economical alternative for feeding small ruminants in production systems in tropical areas due totheir consumption preference and their high nutrient content
Mexico’s sage richness, traditional uses and chemical composition: a review
Get PDFObjective: To report the Genus richness, the traditional uses and the main chemical constituents of Salvia species distributed in Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A bibliographic review was made in several databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar to know the diversity of the Genus, compile the traditional uses and the main chemical constituents of Salvia. Books and theses available in the repositories of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM in Spanish) were also reviewed.
Results: In Mexico there are 307 species distributed in three subgenera with an endemism of about 77 %; 63 native species of Salvia have traditional uses, mainly medicinal and only 17 species are edible, ornamental and ceremonial. Sages are used to treat 141 ailments, the most reported being stomach pain, diarrhoea, insomnia, fever, susto, bile, cough and dysentery. Terpenes are the most diverse and abundant constituents in Salvia species, followed by phenolic acids and flavonoids.
Study Limitations/Implications: This review provided insight into the great diversity of Mexican salvias and their medicinal importance in treating various ailments. However, few species have been studied phytochemically and pharmacologically.
Findings/Conclusions: In the future, with prior implementation of their cultivation, Mexican sages could be a promising resource as a herbal remedy and/or as a source of bioactive compounds to provide medical care in the treatment of diseases, mainly of the digestive system.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, flavonoids, traditional medicine, terpenoids.RESUMEN
Objetivo: Reportar la riqueza del género, los usos tradicionales y los principales constituyentes químicos de especies de Salvia, distribuidas en México.
Diseño, metodología, aproximación: Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica en diversas bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar para conocer la diversidad del género, recopilar los usos tradicionales y los principales constituyentes químicos de Salvia. También se revisaron libros y tesis disponibles en los repositorios de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Resultados: En México se encuentran 307 especies distribuidas en tres subgéneros con un endemismo de cerca del 77 %; 63 especies nativas de Salvia tienen uso tradicional, principalmente medicinal y solo 17 especies son comestibles, ornamentales y ceremonials. Las salvias se usan para tratar 141 padecimientos, siendo los más reportados el dolor de estómago, diarrea, insomnio, fiebre, susto, bilis, tos y disentería. Los terpenos son los constituyentes más diversos y abundantes en las especies de Salvia, seguidos por los ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides.
Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Esta revisión permitió conocer la gran diversidad de salvias mexicanas y su importancia medicinal para tratar diversos padecimientos. Sin embargo, pocas especies han sido estudiadas fitoquímica y farmacológicamente.
Hallazgos/conclusiones: En el futuro, mediante previa implementación de su cultivo, las salvias mexicanas podrían ser un recurso prometedor como remedio herbolario y/o como fuente de obtención de compuestos bioactivos, para proporcionar atención médica en el tratamiento de enfermedades, principalmente del sistema digestivo.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, fitoquímica, flavonoides, medicina tradicional, terpenoides
In-silico production of bioactive enrichment soil fertilizer from agricultural by-products towards bioeconomics perspectives
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate production facilities biorefinery design of bioactive enrichment soil fertilizer using food waste generated by farms in Baja California Sur (BCS), México, of five agricultural commodities towards bioeconomic perspectives. Design/methodology/approach: BCS state was the study area. A mathematical model biorefinery design was made using a Mixed Integer Linear Program approach. Four layers of decision were used, Biomass, Production facilities, Storage and Consumer location. SuperPro Designer was used to biorefinery design and model was formulated in Phyton. Results: Model shows two optimal production facilities: Valle de Vizcaino (VV) and Valle de Santo Domingo (VSD). VV processes strawberry and tomato with net profit of 50.28. While VSD processes orange and asparagus with net profit of 35.48. Production line goes from May to April. Ascorbic acid and quercetin were considered to enrichment the soil fertilizer. Limitations on study/implications: This study did not produce bioactive compounds in industrial way only use mathematical modeling program and equations to predict the optimal scenario to production facilities location in an agricultural region. Findings/conclusions: Model showed the importance of consider four interconnected decision layers. The framework was developed for capturing food waste generation dynamics. These dynamics display a very important role in all other dimensions’ decisions and that an efficient biorefinery design must account for these dynamics.Objective: To evaluate production facilities biorefinery design of bioactive enrichment soil fertilizer usingfood waste generated by farms in Baja California Sur (BCS), México, of five agricultural commodities towardsbioeconomic perspectives.Design/methodology/approach: BCS state was the study area. A mathematical model biorefinery designwas made using a Mixed Integer Linear Program approach. Four layers of decision were used, Biomass,Production facilities, Storage and Consumer location. SuperPro Designer was used to biorefinery design andmodel was formulated in Phyton.Results: Model shows two optimal production facilities: Valle de Vizcaino (VV) and Valle de Santo Domingo(VSD). VV processes strawberry and tomato with net profit of 50.28. While VSD processes orange andasparagus with net profit of 35.48. Production line goes from May to April. Ascorbic acid and quercetin wereconsidered to enrichment the soil fertilizer.Limitations on study/implications: This study did not produce bioactive compounds in industrial way onlyuse mathematical modeling program and equations to predict the optimal scenario to production facilitieslocation in an agricultural region.Findings/conclusions: Model showed the importance of consider four interconnected decision layers. Theframework was developed for capturing food waste generation dynamics. These dynamics display a veryimportant role in all other dimensions’ decisions and that an efficient biorefinery design must account for thesedynamics
Sustainability Assessment of Two Farming Systems
Get PDFObjective: Assess the sustainability of two agricultural production systems (native maize and improved maize) by applying the MESMIS methodology
Design/methodology/approach: Knowing the social, economic and environmental factors that make up the production systems in the municipality of Jilotepec, State of Mexico, as well as their forms of management, allow us to develop strategies for sustainable rural development. The study contemplated at 30 production systems and compared the level of sustainability between producers of native maize and improved maize. The collection of information in the field was carried out in September 2022 and consisted of participatory workshops, semi-structured interviews and surveys; this information was complemented by soil sampling to analyze fertility
Results: The two systems studied have high costs of agricultural production and high dependence on external inputs, especially those using improved maize. Most systems depend on external economic income. Agriculture is increasingly exposed to the conditions of drought and changes in rainfall regimes, in this situation having livestock becomes an important economic support. Changing climate conditions are forcing people to implement adaptability measures. Regionally the soil is fertile and suitable for corn cultivation. The perception of happiness of the inhabitants interviewed is high, they consider that the quality of life is good and therefore do not migrate
Findings/conclusions: The present study is the result of the integrated analysis of several methodologies used in the measurement of sustainability indicators
Rice bran oil biorefining: functionalization with acrylate
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: To obtain partially-acrylated refined rice bran oil using a combined H2O2/Novozym 435 epoxidation followed by acrylate group insertion.
Design/methodology/approach: Once epoxidized with H2O2/lipase Novozym 435, refined rice bran oil was acrylated via epoxy ring cleavage using triethanolamine as catalyst and 4-methoxyphenol as inhibitor. Conditions for functionalization included temperature (T=100 and 110ºC) and reaction time (t=3 and 4 hours), as well as the ratio g epoxidized oil vs g Acrylic Acid (1.5 and 2.0). To monitor functionalization, we evaluated the iodine value (IY), saponification value (IS), oxygen-oxirane content (COO), as well as FTIR and 1H NMR analysis, thus allowing the %Acrylation to be estimated.
Results: 1H NMR studies suggest that the acrylation on rice bran oil was efficient, also confirmed by the evolution of IY, IS and COO values. Using COO, we identified that the best acrylation condition was at T=110ºC, t=3 hours, and g oil vs g Acrylic Acid=1.5, allowing a %Acrylation of 85.89%.
Limitations on study/implications: Partially-acrylated rice bran rice oil can become an intermediate product in the biorefining of this oil, and be used in the synthesis of crosslinked polymers.
Findings/conclusions: Refined rice bran oil was efficiently acrylated using two consecutive steps, initially H2O2/Novozym 435 epoxidation, followed by functionalization with acrylate group.Objective: To obtain acrylated refined rice bran oil (RBO) using a combined functionalization: first,epoxidation with H2O2/Novozym 435 lipase, followed by acrylate group insertion.Design/Methodology/Approach: After being epoxidized with H2O2/Novozym 435, the refined rice branoil was acrylated via epoxy ring-opening, using triethanolamine as catalyst and 4-methoxyphenol as inhibitor.The experimental conditions of temperature (T=100 and 110 °C) and reaction time (t=3 and 4 hours), as wellas the ratio of g eRBO (epoxidized oil) to g acrylic acid (1.5 and 2.0) were considered for the functionalization.The functionalizations were monitored using iodine value (IV), saponification value (SV), and oxirane oxygencontent (OOC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), which allowedthe estimation of the %Acrylation.Results: The 1H NMR studies indicate that the acrylation of rice bran oil is efficient, which is confirmed withthe evolution of IV, SV, and OOC. Using the OOC, the best acrylation condition was identified at T=110°C, t=3 hours, and ratio of g eRBO to g acrylic acid=1.5, obtaining a %Acrylation of 85.89% via 1H NMR.Study Limitations/Implications: Partially acrylated rice bran oil may become an intermediate in thebiorefining of this oil and be used in the synthesis of crosslinked polymers.Findings/Conclusions: Refined rice bran oil was efficiently acrylated using two consecutive steps: it wasinitially epoxidized with H2O2/Novozym 435, followed by functionalization with acrylate group
Comarca Lagunera: Between the socioeconomic characterization and the availability of piped water
Get PDFObjective: this research aims to describe the municipalities located around the Comarca Lagunera. This description is focused on sociodemographic features. The municipalities are located in the states of Coahuila and Durango. These are: Francisco I. Madero, Matamoros, San Pedro, Torreón and Viesca –wich belongs to Coahuila- and Gómez Palacio, Lerdo, Mapimí and Tlahualilo –in Durango-. The information sources come from different instances (CONEVAL, CONAPO and INEGI). In all cases, the level of disaggregation is municipal and the moment collection of information corresponds to 2020. Design/methodology/approach: the methodological strategy is quantitative. The analysis technique uses descriptive statistics to incorporate synthetic measures (such as indices) and shares Results: These are the municipalities with the highest values by variable. Mapimí is the Gini’s index is 0.54, the 36.2% of the population of Viesca is dedicated to primary activities. In Tlahualilo the 4.13% of households lack pipe water and the Torreon’s index of marginalization is 0.62.
Limitations on study/implications: it was not possible to present the information with a higher level of disaggregation because the chosen variables only have data available up to the municipal level.
Findings/conclusions: The use of indices to carry out a very useful characterization and can be strengthened by the inclusion of specific variables that account for the municipal situation.
Keywords: inequality; households without piped water; primary activities
Objective: This research aims to describe with sociodemographic features the municipalities that make up theComarca Lagunera. They are located in the states of Coahuila and Durango. In Coahuila, they are: FranciscoI. Madero, Matamoros, San Pedro, Torreón and Viesca; and in Durango: Gómez Palacio, Lerdo, Mapimí andTlahualilo.Design/methodology/approach: The methodological strategy is quantitative, using descriptive statistics asanalysis technique to incorporate synthetic measures (such as indices) and proportions. The information sourcescome from different instances (CONEVAL, CONAPO and INEGI). In all cases, the level of disaggregationis municipal and the moment of information collection corresponds to 2020. The population volume of themunicipality is described, as well as its proportion with regards to the number of inhabitants in the state. Later,the results from the Gini index, marginalization index, proportion of occupied population devoted to primaryactivities, and proportion of private households without access to piped water are incorporated.Results: The municipalities that had the highest values for each of the variables are presented. In Mapimí theGini index is 0.54; in Viesca, 36.2% of the population is dedicated to primary activities; in Tlahualilo, 4.13% ofhouseholds lack piped water; and the index of marginalization in Torreón is 0.62.Limitations on study/implications: It was not possible to present the information with a higher level ofdisaggregation because the chosen variables only have data available up to the municipal level.Findings/conclusions: The use of indices allows to carry out a very useful characterization and can bestrengthened by the inclusion of specific variables that account for the municipal situation
Design of an interpretive trail and conservation of native orchids (Orchidaceae) in an anthropized landscape
Get PDFObjective: Design an interpretative trail of native orchids in the gardens of the Córdoba Campus of the Colegio de Postgraduados.
Design/methodology/approach: The research is descriptive and field type. First, the feasibility of the trail was validated through an electronic survey; then several field trips were made, the script was created and, finally, the interpretive script of the trail was validated.
Results: The orchid interpretive trail was considered feasible by 95% of those surveyed. The inventory of the trail area allowed us to verify that the orchids are accessible in all the seasons along the route. The design of the interpretive path has nine thematic stations: 1. Introduction, 2. Walk of the Catasetum, 3. Germination in vitro, 4. Acclimatization of orchids, 5. Miniature orchids, 6. Establishment of orchids in phorophytes, 7. The walk of the Laelias, 8. The walk of the flowers of May and 9. The ears of donkey. The interpretive path allows to know and appreciate the diversity of wild orchids, with 28 species and their phorophytes, in a 700 m walk, for 2.5 hours.
Limitations on study/implications: It is a guided interpretive trail.
Findings/conclusions: The interpretive trail allows you to appreciate the importance of the Orchidaceae family, one of the largest families in Mexico and the world, its environmental and ornamental importance.Objective: to design an interpretive trail of native orchids in the gardens of Campus Cordoba, Colegio de Postgraduados.Design/Methodology/Approach: this study is descriptive and field based. First, the feasibility of the trail wasvalidated through an online survey. Afterwards, several field trips were conducted; the script was created, andfinally the interpretive script of the trail was validated.Results: of the respondents, 95% considered the orchid interpretive trail as feasible. The inventory of thetrail area allowed to verify that the orchids are accessible at all stations along the route. The design of theinterpretive trail has nine thematic stations: 0. Introduction, 1. The Catasetum trail, 2. In vitro germination, 3.Acclimatization of orchids, 4. Miniature orchids, 5. Establishing orchids in phorophytes, 6. The Laelias trail,7. The “May Flowers” trail, and 8. The “Donkey ears” (Thricocentrum luridum). The interpretive trail allowsanyone to know and appreciate the diversity of wild orchids, 28 species and their phorophytes, along 700 m ofwalking trails for a 2.5-hours route.Limitations of the study/Implications: it is a guided interpretive trail.Findings/Conclusions: The interpretive trail allows us to appreciate the importance of the Orchidaceaefamily; which is one of the largest families in Mexico and the world through environmental and ornamentalimportance