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Hidden Flaws of Energy Efficient Refurbishment of Buildings in Brutalist Architectural Style
Get PDFThe paper presents energy efficient refurbishment practices in Serbia, highlighting the problems of applying the standard improvement measures for energy saving on buildings of a specific era and style. The focus is on the brutalist buildings in Belgrade that are not protected as such, nor is their façade or project in general — even though they are considered to be examples of good practice by architects today. Form and geometry of these objects themselves arise many challenges in terms of thermal insulation of facade walls. The most problematic are cold bridges (parts of the primary concrete construction that are also seen on the exterior), which will bring the issue into the interior — by accelerating the phenomenon of condensation and dew points along the line of connection of two planes with different temperatures. The chosen subject of research is the object of Elementary school Ratko Mitrovic, New Belgrade (block 38), which is a brutalist building from the 1970s, designed by architect Petar Petrovic — that has not undergone any changes since its first day (can still be seen in its original state today). The specific school was chosen because it is also a subject of an ongoing project of energy efficient refurbishments for schools in Serbia — where the hidden flaws of using the standard improvement measures for energy saving can be calculated and the weaknesses of the project can be targeted — questioning whether these proposals are to be considered improvements of the existing state
Architectural 3D-Printed Structures Created Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Techniques and Applications
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI) and 3D printing (3DP) play considerable roles in what is known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, by developing data- and machine-intelligence-based integrated production technologies. In architecture, this shift was induced by increasingly complex design requirements, posing important challenges for real-world design implementation, large-scale structure fabrication, and production quality standardization. The study systematically reviews the application of AI techniques in all stages of creating 3D-printed architectural structures and provides a comprehensive image of the development in the field. The research goals are to (1) offer a comprehensive critical analysis of the body of literature; (2) identify and categorize approaches to integrating AI in the production of 3D-printed structures; (3) identify and discuss challenges and opportunities of AI integration in architectural production of 3D-printed structures; and (4) identify research gaps and provide recommendations for future research. The findings indicate that AI is an emerging addition to the 3DP process, mainly transforming it through the real-time adjustment of the design or printing parameters, enhanced printing quality control, or prediction and optimization of key design features. However, the potential of the application of AI in large-scale architectural 3D printing still needs to be explored. Lastly, the study emphasizes the necessity of redefining traditional field boundaries, opening new opportunities for intelligent architectural production
Opportunities for the Transformation of Border Towns into Sustainable Systems in the Republic of North Macedonia by Applying the Integral Theory
Get PDFThe contemporary urban functioning of cities requires adaptability and progressive development guided by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that can be adjusted to local circumstances and needs. Currently, the small border towns in the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) are facing numerous problems on social, economic and ecological levels (e.g., economic inequality, the unemployment and social isolation of citizens, the insufficient implementation of planning documents, the inadequate physical and functional structure of public spaces, the lack of environmental plans, improper waste management, etc.), which have influenced the efficiency and sustainability of their systems. Therefore, urban transformations are necessary due to the alarming reduction in the working-age population and the general stagnation which these towns experience. The aim of this article is to define possible solutions and recommendations for the ongoing urban challenges and transformations based on the performed analysis of the primary data sources, especially targeting the psychological and behavioral levels of identified problems, the culture of living and the management policies of local governments. The main research method used in the study was the AQAL method (all quadrants, all levels), which provided a comprehensive perspective of the current urban problems and conditions combined with a comparative analysis within an integrated framework. The application of these methods enabled the identification of the specific problems in the border towns, as well as the means and capacities for solving them, while simultaneously addressing the shortcomings and opportunities for urban renewal. By understanding the different viewpoints provided by the AQAL method, local governments, planners and policymakers can create adaptable urban models that can accommodate and overcome future changes and obstacles generated by contextual limitations. The obtained research results represent a starting point for the development and improvement of local sustainability through the advancement of economic innovations, environmental practices and social relations. Furthermore, specific recommendations are provided, directly and indirectly targeting the specificities of the selected towns, their urban development and management, as well as their future environmental and social sustainability
An Approach to Designing Architectural Structures Using 3D Graphic Statics
Get PDFGraphic statics is a well-established method for designing diverse typologies of architectural structures. Although this method has been in use since the 19th century, the advent of digital technologies contributed to its current, more widespread usage. This paper presents the application of 3D graphic statics for finding structural forms. Parametric design tools based on 3D graphic statics for explorations in a generative design process was employed. The explorations were implemented by the 3D Graphic Statics plugin developed for Grasshopper visual programming editor for the commercial computer-aided design (CAD) system Rhinoceros, commonly used by architects. The design outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the approach based on geometrical operation for designing efficient structural forms composed of elements in perfect geometrical equilibrium with external forces. Furthermore, graphical methods are intuitive and facilitate rapid statical calculations in the conceptual stage of the architectural design process. Moreover, the description of the design approach also allows for reflection on its methods, outcomes, and the interactions of designers with design tools throughout the design process. Finally, this study informs architects about the increasingly sophisticated design tools made available by digital technology to support architectural design and how these tools compare to older design mediums.Поглавље је објављено у тематском зборнику међународног значаја "Advances in Architectural Geometry 2023" чији су уредници Kathrin Dörfler, Jan Knippers, Achim Menges, Stefana Parascho, Helmut Pottmann & Thomas Wortmann који садржи селекцију радова презентованих на конференцији одржаној на Универзитету у Штутгарту, октобра 2023. године (https://www.aag2023.com/#section2)
Influence of air entrainers on the properties of hydrated lime mortars
No full textPhysical, mechanical and carbonation progress properties of air lime mortars, formulated with the addition of air entrainers, were analyzed, aiming to investigate the influence of air entrainers on abovementioned properties of lime-based products. Samples were cured in two curing conditions and their properties were evaluated after 14, 28, 60 and 90 days. The results obtained revealed that the addition of air entrainers influences the change in dynamics between drying and carbonation processes, therefore influencing the rate of carbonation process. This observation was reflected in carbonation progress as well as physical and mechanical properties of the tested samples
Elements of a Timber Lamella Structure: Analysis and Systematization of Joints
Get PDFThe subject of this paper is the elements of a timber lamella structure: the lamellae and their joints. The lamella structure is usually in a diamond pattern, so it relies on additional elements to achieve stability. The analysis of the elements precedes the design of a prototype of a timber lamella vault. The characteristic diamond pattern can be kept for the design of rigid or semi-rigid joints. The design of the joints is challenging, so this paper focused on the analysis and systematization of joints designed for timber lamella structures. The existing timber lamella joints were classified and analyzed based on five parameters: eccentricity, load capacity, the number of elements, easiness of assembly, and adaptability to the circular cylindrical surface, to systemize the existing joints and propose a new one. A design for a new joint was proposed based on the presented joints. The systematization and discussion gave a comparison of all joints, their advantages, and limitations. The conclusion was that the geometry of a circular cylinder and the type of elements for the prototype confirmed all the benefits of the historical lamella structures: uniformity of elements, easy assembly, and economical design
Дом књиге „Просвета” у Крагујевцу: обнова и ревитализација
Get PDFДом књиге „Просвета” у Крагујевцу обновљен је и ревитализован далеке 1978. го-
дине. Циљ рада је да прикаже пројектантски процес, избор оптималног архитектонског
решења и опише грађевински поступак за заштиту објекта, с намером да унутрашњи
простор задржи функцију књижаре, уз нове пратеће садржаје. Неколико различитих
функција пројектантским поступком је повезано у целину. Такође, водило се рачуна о
томе да се сачува постојећи ритам фасадних отвора, примене одговарајући материјали и
обнови спољни изглед објекта. Примењене методе омогућиле су реализацију захтева за
допунским садржајима, са одговарајућим инсталационим и другим техничким системи-
ма, као и испуњавање нових естетско–ликовних критеријума. Резултат обнове и ревита-
лизације је заштита и продужетак животног века значајног објекта и осавремењавање
унутрашњег простора у техничком, технолошком и функционалном смислу. Обновљен
и функционално реорганизован, простор књижаре у Дому књиге „Просвета” постао је
значајан културни центар за грађане тог дела Шумадије. Услед друштвено–економских
промена, простор је преуређен у друге сврхе, чиме је прекинута традиција коју је објекат
имао као „место културе”, што је допринело томе да успешно и награђено архитектонско
дело буде заборављено.A House of Books Prosveta was reconstructed and refurbished back in 1978. The aim of this paper is to present the designing process, the selection of the optimal architectural solution and describe the construction procedure undertaken to protect the building and to enable that the interior could continue to be used as a bookshop with introducing the new accompanying services. In the course of designing process, a few various functions were connected into a whole. Moreover, attention was paid to keep the existing rhythm of facade openings, to apply the proper materials and to refurbish the outside appearance of the building. The applied methods enabled the introduction of the new accompanying services along with the installation and other technical systems. Furthermore, new aesthetic and artistic requirements were met. The result of the reconstruction and refurbishment was the extended protection of this significant building and its continued
life cycle, as well as the modernization of the interior through technical, technological and functional means. The refurbished and functionally re-organized space of the House of Books Prosveta became a vital cultural centre for the citizens in the region of Šumadija. Due to changed social and economic changes, the purpose of this building was afterwards changed, thus terminating the nature of this building as ”a cultural spot”. In this way, a very successful architectural design, which received architectural awards, became forgotten
Zgrada Jadransko-podunavske banke u Kralja Milana postaje Palata nauke [prikaz projekta]
Get PDFPrenamenom celog objekta dobiće se jedinstvena funkcionalna celina sa izložbenim prostorima, naučnim centrima, planetarijumom i restoranom za korisnike.
Zgrada na adresi Kralja Milana 11 u Beogradu, podignuta pre skoro jednog veka po projektu nemačkog arhitekte Augusta Rajnfelza, trebalo bi da postane Palata nauke čiji je investitor Zadužbina Miodraga Kostića.
Urbanistički projekat za rekonstrukciju, sanaciju, adaptaciju i prenamenu objekta postavljen je ovih dana na javni uvid, a može se pogledati najkasnije do 6. novembra 2023. godine na sajtu Grada Beograda.
Nosilac izrade urbanističkog projekta je beogradska fima Projektura d.o.o, dok idejno rešenje potpisuje BIRO VIA, takođe iz Beograda, sa Goranom Vojvodićem, dia, kao odgovornim projektantom.PRIKAZ PROJEKTA na https://www.gradnja.rs/palata-nauke-kralja-milana-biro-via-goran-vojvodic
Prof. Goran Vojvodić – Suština rekonstrukcije leži u stvaranju nove upotrebne vrednosti
Get PDFArhitekta Goran Vojvodić, redovni profesor Arhitektonskog fakulteta u Beogradu, predstaviće na BuildUp konferenciji jedan od najsloženijih projekata rekonstrukcije, dogradnje i prenamene postojećeg objekta u domaćoj arhitektonskoj praksi.
Šta raditi sa starim zgradama koje su nasleđene iz 20. veka a koje su izgubile svoju prvobitnu namenu ili prostorno-tehnički ne odgovaraju savremenim standardima? Da li je sve što je staro ujedno i vredno čuvanja i da li principi zaštite zapravo predstavljaju kočnicu transformacije graditeljskog nasleđa?
Ovo su samo neka od pitanja o kojima će se diskutovati na trećoj po redu BuildUp konferenciji, koja će biti posvećena projektima rekonstrukcije, renoviranja i prenamene.
Jedan od učesnika konferencije, u panelu posvećenom muzejima, jeste i arhitekta Goran Vojvodić, redovni profesor i suosnivač Biroa VIA. Kroz osvrt na svoju bogatu arhitektonsku praksu, višestruko nagrađivani autor otkriva nam svoje stavove o jednom od najvažnijih zadataka arhitekata u 21. veku.intervju na: https://www.gradnja.rs/prof-goran-vojvodic-sustina-rekonstrukcije-lezi-u-stvaranju-nove-upotrebne-vrednosti
Torre del Gabbione
Get PDFGiven the impressive number of towers in the wider surroundings of the considered one, the intervention aims to establish a systemic proposal for solving the problem of restoring examples of this precious fortification building heritage. In addition to the intervention itself, it is also planned that the towers will be connected to each other in a unique tourist system by introducing a navigable cultural route, that is, the possibility of an integral tour by cruise and occasional disembarkations. It was established that the towers are lined up along the coast often enough that they can be declared as a kind of piers on the mentioned cultural route. It is recognized that the access platform or dock is an element that can be applied multiple times, invariant in relation to immediate topographic conditions that vary from tower to tower. Also, for the universal element of the intervention, a stair element deconstructed from the remains of architectural heritage from the environment and re-purposed into a multifunctional one was adopted. It was introduced dominantly so that the tower could be seen separately and from a distance in its surroundings. In addition, at the same time, it is a viewpoint towards the sea, but also an auditorium for watching lectures during info tours in the form of wall projections. An elaborate element, all penetrations through the wall mass as well as the fences are artistically united by the use of corten. The newly introduced wall mass is in the form of gabions filled with crushed native stone. The proposed system or solution concept makes it possible to ensure that users can reach different heights and positions of the tower, regardless of the degree of devastation of the tower, the typology and morphological characteristics of the tower, be it circular, square or polygonal. This was achieved precisely by placing the zone of communication, that is, the function of movement, in the belt of the facade, more precisely within the imagined extension of the wall mass. Walkways are inserted into the double skeleton, and in this way, the possibility of hypothetically infinite movement, as well as reaching unimagined vistas, is first of all upgraded and built. The proposed intervention is not a unique solution, on the contrary, it is applicable to a wide range of cases. It tries to overcome any clumsiness in the sense of restitution of the initial volume of the tower as one of the basic archival unknowns by leaving the possibility to create the impression of an infinite series of facade elements. Precisely because the aforementioned information is absent, a gesture of volume is established that indicates the impossibility of apparent determinacy and finitude not only of volume but also of any other finitude, the stringing system comes to the fore, whereby the proposed contour of the facade is only one sequence in a wide spectrum of possible contours of the final layers wall mass.The project “Torre del Gabbione” represents the outcome of participation in the international architectural competition “Reuse the Tower - Torre Rinalda (Lecce),” organized by the ReUse Italy