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Building the Green Infrastructure of Belgrade: The Importance of Community Greening
Get PDFDue to its important role in increasing human well-being and providing space for ecosystem services, green infrastructure has gradually become an integral part of urban development strategies. Focusing on the activities of community greening, the article considers this approach toward the application of urban green infrastructure as a part of a broader strategy related to the resilience of cities. The neighborhood/district level will be emphasized and the analysis will be conducted in two areas of the Serbian capital Belgrade-Block 45 in New Belgrade and the Savamala neighborhood in the historical city core. Representing two different epochs of Belgrade's development, they are characterized by different typologies, while the characteristics of community greening also differ in several aspects, including purpose, model of organization, and involved stakeholders/participants. The green space of the identified typical morphological units has been cultivated and maintained in two different ways-institutional (provided by the public company) and non-institutional (community greening)-and their impact on the quality of the local GI will be compared. The analysis intends to provide data on the level of biodiversity, multi-functionality, and maintenance of green spaces which will show the effect of both applied approaches. Particular attention will be given to the tensions and challenges of the local context: the adoption of plans and regulations that are in accordance with contemporary trends, as well as the drawbacks in their implementation. Furthermore, the possibilities of community greening will be elaborated, as future steps for achieving the formal green infrastructure (hereinafter GI) standards at the neighborhood/district scale
Drvengrad i Andrićgrad u razvoju ideje i koncepta heterotopnih prostora - tematski parkovi i "tematski gradovi"
Get PDFHeterotopic spaces represent a more present phenomenon in contemporary architecture since the utopic thought, concept, narrative and revolutionary programme in architectural discourse as well as generally in socio-political setting has arguably come to an end. The aim of this paper is to explain the heterotopic concept broadly as well as to offer the possibility of viewing and clarifying it through conceptualization of theme parks and "theme towns". While theme parks "improve" corporative scenery, theme towns came into being as a product of an artistic initiative, which alongside their conceptualization in the sense of façade formation have the tendency to promote both commercial and artistic content. The very thesis of the paper is based on the possibility of detecting phenomena which point at the presence of "otherness" in architecture beyond what belongs to the category of everydayness and commonness. It is assumed that the realizations present in the development of an idea and the conception of the theme parks and "theme towns" as forms of artistic aspirations, especially regarding domestic examples of Drvengrad and Andricgrad, are the reflection of the current tendencies within heterotopic discourse.Prostori heterotopija predstavljaju sve zastupljeniji fenomen u savremenoj arhitekturi, budući da je primetan, uslovno rečeno, kraj utopijske misli, koncepcije, narativa, revolucionarnog programa, kako u arhitektonskom diskursu, tako i uopšte u društveno-političkom ambijentu. Cilj ovog rada je pojašnjenje heterotopnog koncepta, kao i mogućnost njegovog sagledavanja i pojašnjenja kroz prikaz primera tematskih parkova i "tematskih gradova". Dok tematski parkovi "upotpunjuju" korporativni pejzaž, "tematski gradovi", koji su nastali kao produkt umentničke inicijative i koji pored koncipipiranja u vidu kulisnih formacija, poseduju tendenciju za promovisanjem, kako komercijalnih, tako i umetničkih sadržaja. Sama teza rada se zasniva na mogućnosti detektovanja fenomena, koji ukazuju na prisustvo "drugosti" u arhitekturi, izvan onoga što se svrstava u kategoriju sdvakodnevice i uobičajenosti. Pretpostavlja se da su relacije, koje postoje u razvoju ideje i koncipiranja "tematskih gradova", kao vida umetničkih aspiracija, posebno kada je reč o domaćim primerima, Drvengradu i Andrićgradu, odraz aktuelnih tendencija unutar heterotopnog diskursa
Kritički prikaz akcionog plana adaptacije Beograda na klimatske promene
Get PDFIn the European context, the region of the Western Balkans is seen as one significantly affected by the actual climate changes. Using experiences from numerous European cities that are already adapting to their changing climates, the capital cities of the Western Balkans countries are starting to develop strategies of adaptation to actual and expected climate conditions. In this article we give an overview of the document titled Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan with Vulnerability Assessment issued by the City of Belgrade, Secretariat for Environmental Protection. After giving a brief introduction on the document creation within the project Climate Change Adaptation in the Western Balkans and the methodology applied, a structure of the document has been presented highlighting proposed adaptation actions. The paper continues with a critique of the document, main point of which is a lack of indication of financial sources for the proposed actions, as well as interlinking with national adaptation strategies and disaster risk reduction for the parts of the city particularly affected with the floods in 2014.U evropskom kontekstu, područje Zapadnog Balkana smatra se jednim od najviše pogođenih aktuelnim klimatskim promenama. Koristeći iskustva brojnih evropskih gradova koji su usvojili mere adaptacije na izmenjene klimatske uslove, glavni gradovi zemalja Zapadnog Balkana započinju kreiranje strategija prilagođavanja na postojeće i očekivane klimatske promene. U ovom radu dat je kritički osvrt na dokument pod naslovom Akcioni plan adaptacije na klimatske promene sa procenom ranjivosti koji je publikovao Sekretarijat za zaštitu životne sredine Grada Beograda. Nakon kratkog osvrta na nastanak ovog dokumenta u okviru projekta Adaptacija na klimatske promene u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana, kao i na primenjenu metodologiju, prikazana je struktura celokupnog dokumenta sa akcentom na predložene mere adaptacije. Rad se nastavlja kritikom prikazanog dokumenta, čija je ključna tačka odsustvo indikacije o finansijskim aspektima podrške predloženim merama adaptacije, kao i povezivanje/formiranje nacionalne strategije adaptacije na klimatske promene i dokumenata o redukciji rizika od prirodnih katastrofa za delove grada koji su naročito bili ugroženi u poplavama 2014
The limits of growth: A case study of three mega-projects in Istanbul
No full textThis article attempts to identify and analyse the dynamics and mechanisms of urban transformation in Istanbul using the case study of three mega-projects currently underway- the Third Bridge (officially named Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge), the Third Airport, and Kanal Istanbul. Connected via the Northern Marmara Motorway, these independent projects could also be perceived as parts of a big mega-project - shaping a new city in the north of Istanbul. Triggered by goals defined by the national development document "Vision 2023", and supported by the intensified construction industry, rapid urban growth multiplies a number of challenges and discrepancies between the official vision of progress and professional estimations of its possible outcomes. Consequently, the-article gives an insight into the contextual background of the selected projects and the mechanisms of their implementation, whilst focusing on three fields of estimated impacts (urban structure, environment/ecology and community). The mega projects are identified as strategic instruments and agents of change in achieving the anticipated vision of growth, whilst the low level of their general sustainability represents one of the main concerns and drawbacks in both public and professional acceptance of them
Change of the image of the city in process of using traffic infrastructure
Get PDFUnique urban image cannot be experienced without moving within its structure. This paper deals with phenomenology considering changes of images of the city and influential factors closely related to it. Infrastructure gives basic structural scheme of every city, so its planning requires a high level proficiency. Some changes in these images can be observed during longer period of time. Sometimes it includes rapid changes of temporal layers, generated by building new urban elements on the exact same place where the old ones existed; while lighter change during the time passing is a regular occurrence. Creating completely new urban frames, caused by expanding the city, represents its dynamical variant. Topography is a significant factor, giving distinctive feature to the urbanity. This paper considers factors identified as generators of the change of the urban image, based on research so far. The structural elements are considered with the utmost attention. The importance of the city landmark, monumental complexes not possessing these features but having the importance in image of the city stability (as well as the inhabitants' memory) are crucial elements of identifying its picture. Another significant factor is related to individual personal experience. However, there are also certain factors of significance features, but not considered within this paper. One such factor is change in coloring, being the special topic itself. The purpose of this work is to indicate that urban planning requires special attention in order to keep continuous nature of the urban image for the city to preserve its visual identity
Redefinicija procesa projektovanja i relizacije arhitekture u novonastajućoj arhitekturi po principu "digitalnog lanca"
Get PDFThe setting of design and architectural realization today cannot be considered separately from the emerging architecture, which is based on digital technology. Digital technology has primarily affected the architectural presentation, and eventually began to represent a design tool directly connected with the realization, which was across various digital techniques establishing continuity of a "digital gap" as a global problem of discontinuity of design and realization in architecture and fulfilling complex design requirements of the architecture today. With the characteristics of continuous connection, this relation design - realization is increasingly manifested as a CAAD/CAM technology and the most commonly researched as a "digital chain" principle. Primarily, the term "digital chain" is defined and investigated (theoretically, experimentally and practically) at the CAAD department at ETH Zurich (germ. ETH Zuerich) within the research projects of this institute. Today the tool has become an indispensable, inevitable and active, and the architect seemingly passive and in an unclear position in the whole process and the offered solutions of space and architecture. Accordingly, the paper explains the principle of "digital chain", and overlapping with elements of a conventional (standard) architectural approach, based on the settings of the positioning architects in new conditions, redefines the process of design and realization in the emerging architecture in architectonic sense.Postavka projektovanja i realizacije arhitekture danas se ne može posmatrati odvojeno od novonastajuće arhitekture (engl. emerging architecture), koja je bazirana na digitalnoj tehnologiji. Digitalna tehnologija je prvenstveno uticala na prezentaciju arhitekture, dok je vremenom počela da predstavlja i alat za projektovanje sa direktnom vezom sa realizacijom, koja je preko različitih digitalnih tehnika uspostavljala kontinuitet "digitalnog jaza" kao globalnog problema diskonuiteta izmedju projektovanja i realizacije arhitekture i ispunjavala kompleksne zahteve projektovanja danas. Sa karateristikama kontinualne veze, odnos projektovanje - realizacija se sve više manifestuje kao CAD/CAM tehnologija i često istražuje i kao princip "digitalnog lanca". Prvenstveno, termin "digitalni lanac" je definisan i istraživan (teoretski, eksperimentalno i praktično) na CAAD katedri na ETH Cirih (nem. ETH Zuerich) u okviru naučnih projekata ovog instituta. Danas je kao alat postao neophodan, neminovan i aktivan, a arhitekta naizgled pasivan i u nejasnoj poziciji u celom procesu i ponuđenom rešenju prostora i arhitekture. U skladu sa tim, rad objašnjava princip "digitalnog lanca", a preklapanjem sa elementima konvencionalnog arhitektonskog pristupa, bazirajući se na postavkama pozicioniranja arhitekte u novim uslovima, redefiniše proces projektovanja i realizacije novonastajuće arhitekture u smislu arhitektoničnosti
Savremeni detalj u zoom-in-zoom-out tehnici - Bog i razmera
Get PDFConsidering both the visual and narrative character of architectural discourse it is possible to examine the capacity of a drawing as an autonomous form, but also as one assigned to it throughout the course of creation of new architecture. This paper's intent is to examine the place and the role of the architectural drawing of the detail within design research. Thematically different, the narratives are instruments used for creating a relationship between the project as a whole and its parts, while the detail defines the path from an idea to the realization of architecture, that is, from abstraction to concretization within the above-mentioned process. The notion of scalar imagination has been introduced in order to indicate the relationship between the traditional modernist understanding of the roles of detail and scale have, while the question of the real size of designed architecture has been moved aside. The scalar imagination reveals the relationships between the elements of architecture, while its visibility reveals the architect's ability to build the necessary information network while moving throughout the diverse levels of those relationships. The goal is to avoid vagueness of architecture represented by the drawing and favor the polyvalence of its meaning by presenting concrete information. In that sense, for the benefit of achieving clarity within the methodological approach, we researched the conditions of visibility within the relationship between the drawing and its meaning. Therefore, this paper focuses on the scale as a direct connection between the drawing of the detail and the continuity of the idea of architecture.Imajući u vidu i vizuelni i narativni karakter arhitektonskog diskursa moguće je ispitivati kapacitet koji crtež ima kao autonomna forma, ali i onaj koji mu se pretpostavlja tokom postupka stvaranja nove arhitekture. Namera je da se ovim radom ispita mesto i uloga crteža arhitektonskog detalja u istraživačkom projektovanju. Tematski odvojeno, narativi su instrumentalizovani kao konstruisanje odnosa između celine i delova projekta, dok se detaljem definiše put od ideje do realizacije arhitekture, odnosno od apstrakcije do konkretizacije unutar pomenutog postupka. Skalarna imaginacija pojmovno je uvedena kao veza između tradicionlno modernistički shvaćenih uloga detalja i razmere, dok je pitanje realne veličine projektovane arhitekture pomereno u stranu. Skalarana imaginacija je uzeta za manifestaciju odnosa između elemenata arhitekture, a njena vidljivost za sposobnost arhitekte da, krećući se kroz različite nivoe tih odnosa, gradi neophodnu mrežu informacija. Cilj je da se konkretnošću informacija izbegne zamagljenost crtežom predstavljene arhitekture u korist polivalentnosti njenih značenja. U tom smislu, zarad jasnoće metodološkog postupka, istraženi su uslovi vidljivosti veze između nacrtanog i označenog, a ovaj rad u fokus stavlja razmeravanje kao direktnu konekciju između nacrtanog detalja i kontinuiteta ideje o jednoj arhitekturi
The Critical Potential of "Total Installations" - The Logic of Ilya Kabakov
No full textThis paper discusses the artistic practice of Ilya Kabakov (Ильяя Иоoсифович Кабакoов) and
the critical potential of the genre of the total installation, initially formulated by the Russian artist
himself. Although the total installation may be included in a variety of associative contexts, in this
work they are presented as a testing ground for the reading of social reality, which in Soviet conditions was formed in the socialist period and coincides with the presence of its political ideology. In
this sense, manner, analyzing the total installations as an aesthetization of an ideological text, their
critical potential in this work is monitored simultaneously in terms of a twofold challenge that
takes place on the political and aesthetic level.
This paper makes the initial assumption that the transition from socialism to post-socialism
is parallel to the transition from modern to post-modern culture. In this regard, the formation
of post-socialist art begins with ideological change on the political level, and the reception of
post-modern attitude on the artistic level. The political aspect of post-socialist art is reflected in
defining its thematic framework through an anti-utopian critique of the socialist ideology of the
collective.2
On the other hand, the aesthetic aspect of the post-socialist art is determined through
the daily symbolism of the new Soviet daily life with its hidden mythology
Tracing sustainable design strategies in the example of the traditional Ohrid house
Get PDFThis paper examines the sustainable design strategies of the Balkan vernacular architecture in the example of the traditional Ohrid house. The approach regarding the problem of resource conservation which is present in the selected examples of vernacular architecture offers the possibility of analysing and discussing the building strategies of the past, which are still considered to be relevant in terms of sustainability and environmental design. The subject of this research is the sustainable design strategies that refer to the reuse of building material and the measures regarding waste reduction in the form of its incorporation into new building materials. The research points to sustainable solutions regarding on-site minimisation of construction waste in the example of the traditional Ohrid hobse during the following three phases of the life cycle of both the material and the building: pre-building, building, and post building phase. The applied on-site waste minimisation measures and the principle of using materials with low-embodied energy, identified in the example of the traditional Ohrid house, can be understood as the conceptual basis for finding more efficient solutions in today's material and energy conservation practices, proving that sustainable architecture could be achieved by a simple and thoughtful application of local materials and building techniques.This is the peer-reviewed version of tha manuscript: Tomovska, Radmila, and Ana Radivojević. 2017. ‘Tracing Sustainable Design Strategies in the Example of the Traditional Ohrid House’. Journal of Cleaner Production 147 (March): 10–24. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.073
Architectural Terri(s)tories: Jajinci Memorial Park in Belgrade
Get PDFArchitecture represents one of the possible ways of how territory can be
marked, but it is also a permanent trace of the process of its development. As a built form it is
a sign in the ground, while as an idea it represents a trace of various approaches to its development within a theoretical field. This paper examines the significance and meaning of a single
architectural gesture within the context of an architectural narrative of the city territory by
starting from the structural approach to observation of the territory (Gregotti) and the method of post-structuralist analysis.
This study links and analyses: 1) the importance of the architectural gesture in the process of defining and developing the territory of the city, through 2) changing position from
the phenomenological (formal, formative) to topographic discourse of observing architecture,
which examines 3) the potential of the interpretative narrative both of the architecture and
the territory. Memorial park Jajinci was selected as a case study whose primary purpose is to
relate messages about the significance and meaning of the place where it is located. The aim
of this kind of analysis of the interpretive potential of this example is to show the importance
of the elements of the territory as a witness of the processes of development based on spatial
narratives ‘written down’ in the city territory