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The thermal behavior of rammed earth wall in traditional house in Vojvodina: Thermal mass as a key element for thermal comfort
Get PDFThe conducted research examines the thermal behaviour of the rammed earth
walls, which is the basic structural and façade element of traditional Vojvodina
house. The traditional rammed earth house represents an important part of the
total building stock of Vojvodina. Earth is a locally available, cheap, natural, environmentally friendly building material and has been used extensively for traditional family houses in Vojvodina. It has ecological and “green” characteristics,
which can be assessed as very high quality, and they are of significant importance in the context of sustainable development and striving to reduce energy
consumption today. The research examines thermal behaviour of rammed earth
wall, including theoretical analysis of: the heat transfer coefficient, U, the thermal resistance, R, and thermal conductivity, λ. One of the basic elements of thermal behaviour, the thermal mass, has been analyzed both theoretically and by
measuring in situ. The in situ measurements were conducted on the traditional
house in Vojvodina by measuring inside and outside surface wall and air temperature in summer. Analyses of rammed earth wall thermal performances have
shown that the wall has low thermal conductivity, high heat capacity and significant thermal mass effect which is the key element enabling thermal stability. The
research indicates rather good thermal properties of the rammed earth walls. Potential of rammed earth wall in Vojvodina should be an issue of further analysis,
although the possibility of improvement of existing facilities to meet current
standards in terms of energy efficiency should be considered
Resilience and/or sustainability? the climate uncertainty as a factor in urban planning
Get PDFKlimatske promene su postale jedan od najvećih izazova za održivi razvoj gradova, uzrokujući
nepredvidiva klimatska dešavanja u vidu ekstremnih poplava, suša i toplotnih udara. Stoga planiranje i upravljanje gradovima sve više uključuje razmatranje brojnih faktora neizvesnosti koji
doprinose povećanom stepenu rizika i ranjivosti gradova. Rezilijentnost gradova, kao njihova
sposobnost da se odupru i prilagode na prisutne i nailazeće posledice klimatskih promena, postaje jedna od njihovih najbitnijih karakteristika. Istovremeno, rastuća globalna nesigurnost i
neizvesnost pokreće niz strahova koji postepeno (u)vode urbano društvo u stanje tzv. kapsularizacije, kojom dominiraju demografski i ekonomski strah, dromofobija, ksenofobija,
agorafobija i strah od terorizma (DeCauter, 2005).
U ovom radu ćemo se baviti strategijama za unapređenje rezilijentnosti gradova i njihovim
odnosom sa opštim i još i sada neprikosnovenim principima održivog razvoja – ekonomskom produktivnosću, društvenom inkluzijom i ekološkom ravnotežom. Elementi kapsularnog društva, kao i rastući intenzitet strahova, biće posmatrani kao okvir u kojem se rezilijentnost i održivost formiraju, manifestuju i modifikuju, u zavisnosti od (ne)predvidljive
dinamike urbanog sistema. Analizirajući primere gradova koji su najdalje otišli u primeni
principa rezilijentnosti u svojim planerskim i upravljačkim strategijama, rad će razmatrati i
niz pitanja – kako rezilijentnost menja način na koji se planiraju današnji gradovi? Da li
rezilijentnost postaje aktuelna paradigma u planiranju? Na koji način se ostvaruje interakcija sa konceptom održivosti?
Nova saznanja o kompleksnim i rezilijentnim sistemima menjaju shvatanje održivosti
nekog sistema, od statičnog i predvidivog ravnotežnog stanja koje je potrebno dostići, do
stanja izloženosti nepredvidljivim unutrašnjim i spoljašnjim poremećajima kojima se treba
prilagoditi. Voker i Salt tvrde da je rezilijentnost ključ za održivost u socio-ekološkim sistemima (Walker and Salt, 2006). Folke sa saradnicima je definiše kao „kapacitet sistema da
apsorbuje uznemiravanje i reorganizuje se dok traje promena na taj način da i dalje zadrži
suštinski istu funkciju, strukturu i povratne sprege, stoga i identitet, tj. kapacitet da se promeni kako bi zadržao isti identitet“ (Folke et al., 2010: str. 20). Iz perspektive rezilijentnosti, održivost nije održavanje sistema u stanju ekvilibrijuma putem redukovanja varijabilnosti u dinamici sistema, niti optimizacija performansi sistema, već ona treba da se fokusira
na kapacitet sistema da kreira i testira mogućnosti za održavanje adaptivnih sposobnosti
(Holling, 2001).
Ova promena perspektive – od stabilnosti, optimalnosti i predvidivosti, ka neizvesnosti i nepredvidivosti – ide u korist pristupu održivosti koji je pre svega „upravljanje rizikom“ sa ciljem
izbegavanja potencijalno katastrofične promene režima sistema. Stoga možemo tvrditi da svi održivi sistemi moraju biti i rezilijentni, ali ne uvek neophodno i stabilni. U susret društvenim i
environmentalnim poremećajima – od promene klimatskih uslova do geopolitičkih kriza, destruktivnih uragana do oružanih sukoba – sposobnost da se samoorganizuje i sačuva integritet i
identitet sistema presudna je za realizaciju dugoročnog održivog razvoja.
Ipak, rezilijentnost nije samo svojstvo robustnosti i otpornosti na poremećaje. Ona je takođe
vezana za mogućnosti koje ti poremećaji otvaraju u pogledu rekombinacije evoluiranih
struktura i procesa, obnove sistema i pojavljivanja novih razvojnih trajektorija (Folke,
2006). Pojedini autori (Folke et al., 2010; Holling, 2001) ističu da su krizne situacije ujedno
i prilika da se akcije društva usmere ne samo na zaštitu trenutnog stanja ili adaptaciju na
nove (pogoršane) uslove, već i kao prilika za unapređenje opšteg stanja socio-ekoloških sistema (skraćeno u daljem tekstu: SES) nakon krize. Situacije u realnosti ipak navode da će
akteri u upravi ili planiranju sistema pokušati da izbegnu prelazak kritične tačke kad god je
to moguće; potrebno je da pokušaju da održe sistem u okviru poznatih opsega varijabilnosti
ali da budu spremni za drastično prilagođavanje ako prekomerna eksploatacija resursâ od
strane ljudi pomeri sistem preko praga, ili ga prirodni ciklusi sami tamo odvedu. Iz ove perspektive, održivost implicira izbegavanje kritičnih granica i održavanje kombinovanog
SES-a u okviru svog istorijski mogućeg domena stabilnosti, tj. polje delovanja sa razumnim
ljudskim zahtevima.
U naučnim krugovima se u poslednje vreme vode debate da li je rezilijentnost nova održivost, odnosno da li je koncept održivosti zastareo ili ne. Rezilijentnost se tokom godina
„prikrala“ i istisnula održivost u naslovima već postojećih agendi, bez prethodnog razmišljanja o stvarnom značenju i razlikama imeđu ova dva pojma. Postoje mišljenja (videti npr.
Wilkinson, 2012) da je rezilijentnost već zamenila održivost kao glavni koncept u urbanom
diskursu.
Nakon velikog broja prirodnih nepogoda sa katastrofalnim posledicama koje su zadesile naselja i gradove širom sveta, rezilijentnost se javila kao spasonosni termin kojim je munjevito zamenjen termin održivost, koja kao da je primila veliki deo krivice za nedovoljnu
spremnost da se odupre katastrofi. Ona je postala prioritet gradskih uprava, nevladinih organizacija, planera, menadžera, arhitekata, dizajnera, sociologa, ekologa i inženjera, koji se
sada zalažu za agendu rezilijentnosti.
Ciljevi održivosti i rezilijentnosti mogu biti u ozbiljnom konfliktu ukoliko se prethodno ne
usklade pažljivo. Neophodnost da se usaglase ciljevi održivosti i rezilijentnosti može se
jasno uočiti na pitanju gustine izgrađenosti gradova. U diskursu održivosti gusto izgrađeni
urbani centri predstavljaju ključ za održivu budućnost, dok, s druge strane, što su naselja
gušće izgrađena, to su socijalno i ekonomski ranjivija na poremećaje. Stoga se pitanje gustine izgrađenosti mora pažljivo razmotriti, i to u odnosu na svaki pojedinačni slučaj.
Urbano planiranje i upravljanje za oba cilja, i rezilijentnost i održivu budućnost, obezbeđuju da ciljevi rezilijentnosti preklope i ojačaju ciljeve održivosti. Rezilijentnost je, dakle, potrebno iskoristiti u svrhu jačanja održivog razvoja, i saglédati je kao dopunu održivosti, a ne
kao njenu zamenu.Climate change has become one of the crucial challenges for the sustainable development
of cities, causing unpredictable events – extreme floods, droughts and heat waves. Therefore, the planning and management of cities have to include an increasing number of factors
targeting the uncertainty of climate change, higher level of risk and vulnerability of cities.
The resilience of cities, as their ability to resist and adapt to the present and future climate
challenges, becomes one of their most important characteristics. At the same time, the rising global insecurity and unpredictability triggers a series of fears gradually introducing the
capsulated state of urban society, dominated by demographic and economic fear, dromophobia, xenophobia, agoraphobia and the fear of terrorism (De Cauter, 2005).
In this paper we deal with the strategies focused on improving the resilience of cities and
their relationship with general and still undisputed principles of sustainable development –
economic productivity, social inclusion and environmental balance. The capsular elements
of society, as well as the increasing intensity of fear, will be observed as a framework in
which resilience and sustainability are created, manifested and modified, depending on the
(un)predictable dynamics of an urban system. Analysing the examples of cities, which have
achieved the best results in implementing the principles of resilience in their planning and
management strategies, the paper will consider several issues – how does resilience change
the process of urban planning? Has resilience become a new planning paradigm? How does
it interact with the concept of sustainability?
The recent knowledge on complex and resilient systems has been changing the understanding of a system’s sustainability – from the static and predictable state of equilibrium
which should be achieved, to the process of adjustment to unpredictable internal and
external disorders. Walker and Salt claim that resilience represents a key factor of sustainability in socio-ecological systems (Walker and Salt, 2006). Other authors define resilience
as “the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and re-organize while undergoing change
so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedback” (Folke et
al., 2010: p. 20). From the perspective of resilience, sustainability is neither the maintenance of the system’s equilibrium by reducing the variability of its dynamics, nor the optimization of its performances. Instead, sustainability should increase the capacity of a system to create and test the possibilities of maintaining its adaptive capacity (Holling, 2001).
This shift from stability, optimization and predictability to uncertainty and unpredictability
primarily defines sustainability as a “risk management” which should prevent the potentially catastrophic change of a system’s regime. Therefore, we can claim that all systems have
to be sustainable and resilient, although not necessary stable. Facing the social and environmental disturbances – from climate change to geopolitical crises, destructive hurricanes
to armed conflict – the ability to self-organize and preserve the integrity and identity of the
system becomes crucial for the realization of a long-term sustainable development. However, resilience is not just a feature of robustness and resistance to disturbances. It is
also linked to the possibilities which these disorders create in terms of the recombination of
evolved structures and processes, the reconstruction of systems and the emergence of new
development trajectories (Folke, 2006). Some authors (Folke et al. 2010, Holling 2001)
point out that the emergency situations also represent an opportunity for the protection of
current condition, adaptation to new (less desirable) conditions, as well as a chance for improving the general state of socio-ecological systems (SES) after crisis. In reality, however,
actors involved in planning and management usually tend to avoid critical situations – if
possible. Therefore, they need to maintain the system within the well-known limits of variability while being prepared for a drastic adjustment in the case of an excessive exploitation
of resources (by people or due to natural cycles). From this perspective, sustainability
implies the process of avoiding the thresholds, as well as the maintenance of combined SES
within its historically possible domain of stability, i.e. the field of action with reasonable
human requirements.
Lately, the scientific circles have been debating whether resilience represents a new sustainability (i.e. is the concept of sustainability outdated or not). Over the years, resilience
has gradually replaced sustainability in the titles of existing agendas, without a prior consideration of its real meaning and difference between these two terms. There are some opinions (e.g. Wilkinson, 2012) that resilience has already replaced sustainability as the main
concept in the urban discourse.
After a large number of natural disasters with catastrophic consequences which have affected towns and cities around the world, resilience has emerged as a useful replacement for
the term sustainability, blamed for the insufficient readiness to resist disasters. Consequently, the concept of resilience has become a priority of city administrations, NGOs, planners,
managers, architects, designers, sociologists, ecologists and engineers advocating the implementation of its agenda.
The aims of sustainability and resilience could be in serious conflict, if not previously synchronized. That is clearly visible in the domain of urban density. Considering the overall
sustainability, the densely built urban centres represent a key to the sustainable future.
However, the increased density influences a higher social and economic vulnerability.
Therefore, the question of density must be carefully analysed in each case.
Urban planning and management for both resilient and sustainable future ensure that the
goals of resilience overlap and strengthen the sustainability goals. Therefore, it is necessary
to use resilience in order to enhance sustainable development, while simultaneously perceiving it as a complementary concept and not a simple replacement
Preservation of original appearance of exposed concrete facades, case study: residential Block 23, New Belgrade
Get PDFBlock 23, located in New Belgrade presents multifamily residential block constructed during
1970s. It was designed in the manner of the era of Brutalism. Consequently, exposed concrete
was selected and applied as the main material for bearing structures and façade envelopes.
This period was typical for the mass production of multifamily buildings and in the efforts to
perform faster construction of buildings, prefabricated building systems were in use.
Technique of prefabricated production enabled the production of specific shapes of façade elements.
Therefore, architects of the buildings in the Block 23 designed different types of facade
elements resulting with specific architectural expression of this urban complex. In general,
facade elements can be classified in specific groups by their shapes and dimensions. In the
analysed block, five main groups of elements are present such as: parapets, one storey panels,
linear elements, panels between windows and decorative elements.
After approximately 40 years of exploitation followed with different causes of damages and
decay of exposed concrete, the condition of those elements deteriorated and they need to be
reconstructed and renovated. Since these buildings do not fulfill the requirements of nowadays
regulation regarding energy efficiency of buildings they also require energy rehabilitation.
Having all this in mind, this paper strives to analyse potential solutions for reconstruction and
energy renovation of these prefabricated concrete facades with respect to the need of preservation
of their original appearence. This complex problem is supported by the fact that the block
has the status of previous protection as the architectural and cultural heritage of one important
period of Serbian architecture
Признање Удружења урбаниста Србије [Бранислав Антонић] [2018]
No full textОБРАЗЛОЖЕЊЕ: Признања Удружење урбаниста Србије додељује појединцима, установама и стручним урбанистичким организацијама за остварено деловање у оквиру Удружења или у сарадњи са њим. Признање се може добити само једном, осим у случају различитих повода. Признања се посебно додељују за остварене стручне резултате у области урбанизма, где се посебно наглашава изузетан допринос и дугогодишње ангажовање у раду Удружења урбаниста Србије кроз учешће у организовању њених традиционалних догађања и свих других активности које промовишу рад Удружења
Godišnja nagrada UAS „Aleksej Brkić“, oblast arhitekture, 2018 - Vila Pavlović, Zlatibor, Srbija, Neoarhitekti [Nagrada - realizovano delo]
No full textPriznanje za originalnost, suptilnu, promišljenu upotrebu boje, teksture i svetla u arhitekturi kao i za inovativni, pažljivi, total dizajn koji teži da uspostavi povratni dijalog između prirodnog konteksta i arhitektonskog objekta. Na posletku i za sceničnost i poetičnu smenu vizura u konstantnom doživljaju prostora i ambijenta objekta
Традиционални материјали у функцији еколошки одрживе архитектуре на селу
No full textГлобални утицај на свест људи о значају очувања животне средине није
заобишао ни област архитектонског деловања. Учестала популаризација и ст-
варање неких нових облика архитектуре као што су на пример концепти „одр-
живе архитектуре“, „зелене архитектуре“, „еколошке архитектуре“ и томе
слично, добрим делом се заснивају на елементима традиционалне народне ар-
хитектуре, односно употреби приородних материјала који су архитектуру у
руралним подручјима вековима уназад просторно, функционално и естетски
одређивали.
Рад је дефинисан идејом о субституцији вештачких грађевинских мате-
ријала у сеоским срединама. Идеја о примени еколошки прихватљивих мате-
ријала који остварују минимални утицај на животну средину последњих годи-
на све је заступљенија па сходно томе треба размотрити могућност њихове
евентуалне примене. Посебан акцент је усмерен на термоизолационе материја-
ле на бази епоксидних смола и пластике, који се користе у завршној обради.
Поред указивања на могућности примене иновативних, еколошки при-
хватљивих грађевинских материјала треба напоменути да би се прихватањем
таквог концепта учинило доста и на пољу очувања вредности традиционалне
народне архитектуре која из године у годину уступа место обликовно и естет-
ски неприхватљивим трендовима који настоје да насилно и без икаквог смисла
измене визуелни идентитет сеоских насеља. Најчешће употребом лако доступ-
них вештачких материјала на тржишту који ни на који начин нису компати-
билни са окружењем и климатским условима подручја у коме се примењују.
Занемарујући такође и чињеницу да је грађење у сеоским срединама одувек
изискивало дијалог са природним окружењем, традиционалним вредностима
и локалним културним наслеђем.Global impact on people’s awareness about the importance of preserving the
environment has not bypassed the field of architectural activity. The popularization
and creation of some new forms of architecture, such as the concepts of „sustainable
architecture”, „green architecture” and „ecological architecture”, are largely based
on the elements of traditional architecture, primarily the use of natural materials that
spatially, functionally and aesthetically determined architecture in rural areas for
centuries.
The work is defined by the idea of substituting artificial building materials in
rural areas. In recent years the idea of ecological materials that have a minimal impact
on the environment is becoming more and more represented so for that reason
possibility of their application should be considered. Special emphasis is placed on
thermal insulating materials based on epoxy resins and plastics of petrochemical
origin, which are used in external processing.
In addition to pointing to the possibility of applying innovative, environmentally
sustainable building materials, it should be noted that the acceptance of
such a concept would also do much to preserve the value of traditional architecture
that year after year gives place a formally and aesthetically unacceptable trends that
forcefully changes visual identity of rural settlements. Especially by using easily
available artificial materials on the market that are in no way compatible with the
environment and climatic conditions of the area in which they are applied. Ignoring
also the fact that building in rural areas has always required dialogue with the natural
environment, traditional values and local cultural heritage
Diagrammatics of Virtual Connectome: Architecture of Digital Memory-Scaping [Keynote] [predavanje po pozivu štampano u celini]
No full textDiagrammatic tracings and inscriptions of data and their processes of temporary clustering, consolidation, dissolution, and restructuring within the virtual space render an intricate documentary and creative complex data dynamics while generating a distinctive cyber-connectome. Bearing properties of a spatial entity—a field, a territory, or a scape—and having some kind of spatial relational or formal regularity (a kind of order—fixed or in constant transformation), it carries architectural logic and features by which we can describe its behaviour and current state. As a cognitive device and a thinking tool (the extension of our biological thinking mechanisms), or a thinking method and strategy (design intelligence strategy), it has been devised to facilitate (track and direct) research processes by interactively recording and networking information in an open-ended way. By visualising and mapping thought processing (the black box), it gives a synthetic form to the emergent memory-scape (parallel, coupled, extended, or augmented mind); it creates a digital archive as a dynamic mnemonic information field, landscape, or network, which enables complex web lines to connect singular entities in a dynamic setting based on quantum processing, connectivity, and decidability. Being the most convenient means of transfer and conversion from one medium into another, from one disciplinary or a thinking system into another, as well as maintaining subjects of this translation in-between—in an abstract relational state of multiple potential, affiliation, and activity, and a state of specific notation and coding—diagrammatics are here particularly developed and explained in relation to architectural strategies and instrumental frameworks of design investigation, invention, and documentality. Within the virtual scapes, they evolve digitally as tools, mediums, and collaborators, creating their own and shared theoretical discourses, methods, and aesthetics. Keynote Speaker, Invitation by Professor Ružica Bogdanović, https://www.strand.rs/diagrammatics/ [Предавање по позиву са међународног скупа штампано у целини
Dečiji vrtić, Istočno Sarajevo BiH [40. salon arhitekture, 2018]
No full textDečiji vrtić “Patrijarh Pavle“, nalazi se u samom centru Istočnog Novog Sarajeva, grada koji se ubrzano urbanistički formira i razvija. U takvom kontekstu projektovan je objekat društvenog standarda, dečiji vrtić sa jaslama, kapaciteta 100 korisnika i površine oko 750 m2. Ova arhitektonska minijatura uspostavlja prostorni dijalog sa trgom Gavrila Principa (kao centralnim mestom okupljanja i socijalne komunikacije) i stambeno-poslovnim blokovima koji se nalaze u neposrednom okruženju. Svedenim i jasno komponovanim volumenima, promišljenom orijentacijom i jednostavnom materijalizacijom uz decentnu primenu polihromije (akcentovanjem pojedinih detalja i volumena) kroz projekat se tragalo za jasnim i konkretnim arhitektonska izrazom. Programska i prostorna svedenost ovog projekta, kao i skroman i unapred definisan budžet, zahtevali su racionalnost i promišljenost u svakom od aspekata projekta. U takvim uslovima, težilo se postizanju jedinstva svih elemenata arhitekture. Ovakav način rada , uz korektnu saradnju projektanta i investitora, dao je kao rezultat objekat koji je realizovan svedenim, skromnim izražajnim i finansijskim sredstvima , koji je i pored toga vredan i zapažen u lokalnoj zajednici a posebno zbog činjenice da se radi o prvom objektu ovakve namene koji je izgrađen javnim sredstvima u Istočnom Novom Sarajevu.Napomena administratora: Po odluci Fakulteta, naziv dela definiše autor. U ovom slučaju, naziv dela se razlikuje od naziva objavljenog u katalogu. Naziv dela u katalogu je: Dečji vrtić "Patrijar Pavle"
50. Мајска изложба ...Трајање [УЛУПУДС, 2018] [награђено решење]
No full textПрвонаграђено решење на конкурсу за визуелни идентитет 50. Мајске изложбе УЛУПУДС-а. Тема “Трајање” третирана је као ток, временски ток који се бележи кроз циклусе. Графички, циклуси се представљају као фрагменти кружница који су једни до других или се преклапају. Kључне речи за концепт овог графичког експеримента су протицање, смењивање и интензитет
Planning airports in heroic times of Yugoslavia – looking backwards in order to understand the present
Get PDFThis research aims to open up a discussion about former Yugoslavia’s heroic planning goals resulting from socialist regime established in the early 1950s. Strongly influenced by the socialist ideology, the increase of air traffic capacity and establishment of the airport network was one of the main objectives of the Yugoslav planning practice in the period from 1950 to 1980. Our main hypothesis is that although planning practice nowadays continues to emphasize the importance of the airport network, this network is still not established and single airports act as competitive parties and not as parts of the network