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Public Urban Spaces and Open Spaces: Common Goods. New Enhancement Projects and Processes. Italian and Serbian Experiences
Get PDFOver time, the idea that the regeneration of the world's residual, intermediate suburban spaces plays a strategic role in testing new models of participatory processes has gradually taken hold. Cohesion, inclusiveness, sharing and integration are the basis of such processes. They are the concepts that lie at the heart of the documents produced at an international level over the past 30 years, particularly the 2030 New Urban Agenda, as the five 'P's: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership.
In such a scenario, the extent to which an open urban space can be recognized as a common good becomes the focus of trials and projects of interest in the derelict parts of previously urbanized areas: with Patti di Collaborazione ('Collaboration Pacts') in Italy and with an educational multidisciplinary programme entitled 'Public art & Public space' (PaPs) in Belgrade (Serbia). We argue as the open spaces benefit daily urban life and play a vital role in creating healthier, more sociable communities is changing attitudes, policies and actions
The Transport Accessibility of Tourist Destinations in Serbian Iron Gates Region – Between Strategy and Reality
No full textThe Iron Gates, the largest gorge of the Danube, is currently among the most prospective regions in Serbia. However, this is with a low-start position. Being a two-century borderland position between Serbia and Romania on the Danube, the region has been in a long-time isolation, which has caused deep socio-economic and demographic problems. This means that the Iron Gates region is not well-prepared for a new economic driver – tourism. Tourism blossom is generally related to easy accessibility by the Danube. Nevertheless, the loosening of national borders since 2000 has pushed the increase of tourists. Most of them visit the Iron Gates in organized tours by cruisers and tourist buses. This consequently focuses the visit of tourists to major attractions in the region and limits the possibility of the individual organization of their visit. Therefore, the tourism of the region flourishes only around the main attractions; the other ones, mostly smaller, cannot properly benefit from this emerging tourist interest. The aim of this research is the analysis of the tourist accessibility of the Iron Gates Region by those mass transport modes that freely open to prospective tourists who want to individually organize visit to region. They include just the regular lines of public buses. The research is organized in several steps. The first one is to collect and locate all tourist destinations that have been already enlisted in relevant spatial and strategic plans. Then, their spatial distribution is confronted with their transport accessibility by the mentioned mode. Finally, the obtained results from this comparison are given as recommendations to fulfil the gaps in the region connectivity regarding individual visits and tours. In that way, the final results can address the better organization of tourism development in the Iron Gates
The role of industrial heritage meanings in adaptive reuse: case study Banjaluka
Get PDFThe adaptive reuse of industrial heritage is considered a sustainable model of urban regeneration of post-industrial cities all over the world. Adaptive reuse implies the integration of heritage sites in the
urban environment and their adaptation to new purposes in the new social and economic context. The problem of adaptive reuse lies within the contradiction between the industrial heritage sites as places intended for new urban functions in accordance with strategies of contemporary urban development and the industrial heritage sites as places with the inherited tangible and intangible values important to the community. Adaptation of industrial structures to new purposes almost always requires the implementation of spatial interventions, which in the end leads to the creation of new places where the old and the new intertwine. On the other hand, the preservation and
promotion of the industrial heritage values is the basic principle of urban conservation planning. So, the main question is what values and defined by whom are to be preserved, and why. In order to answer this question the reinvestigation of the attitude of post-industrial society to the values of industrial heritage is needed. This paper deals with the industrial heritage meanings that people associate with industrial heritage and that are important for selecting the heritage
values and elements for preservation. Industrial heritage meanings stem from the complex interaction of social groups and the heritage they belong and in relation to which they build collective identity based on industrial past. The problem of identifying industrial heritage meanings stems from the ambiguous notion of place meaning which is difficult to grasp, as well as form the lack of appropriate planning tools for identifying and analyzing heritage meanings. The research draws on the theoretical framework of disciplines such as: architecture and urbanism, environmental psychology, human geography and related fields. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for identifying and investigating significant meanings of industrial heritage which contributes to decision making in the initial phase of planning process of adaptive reuse. The case study is conducted in Banjaluka at the area of former industrial site “Rudi Cajavec”. Identification of meanings and significance of this industrial heritage is investigated by a survey of citizens
Symbiotic architecture: Redefinition of recycling design principles
Get PDFThe study seeks to examine the possibility of implementing the biological concept of symbiosis into the field of architecture for redefining the design principles of architectural recycling. Through an in-depth analysis of the biological concept of symbiosis (i.e., a close and often long-term interaction between two or more different biological species and the criteria that govern the differentiation between symbiotic associations), three redefined design principles of recycling—commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism—have been described, which form the base for defining the “recycling model.” Its value is in its multidisciplinary character and its systematic approach to the topic of recycling architecture. The principles embedded in this model relate to the aspects of structure, material, form, and spatial organization. The research methodology includes three case studies, which correspond to three redefined design principles and illustrate their basic characteristics. The research draws upon the biological concept of symbiosis, and its purpose is to elaborate possible structural, material, formal, and spatial relationships between the existing building and the new intervention in architectural recycling
Spatial Planning Matters! Inspiring Stories and Fundamental Topics
Get PDFThis book is a result of the series of four research and debate symposia convened by ETH Zurich members with international academics and practitioners in the field of spatial planning. Launched in 2015, the gatherings first aimed at explaining the use of theories and methods in spatial planning education. Soon the initial idea evolved into an example-driven approach directed towards bridging the gap between planning practice and theory. Briefly put, the book revolves around ‘inspiring stories’ that describe a wide variety of spatial problems as well as the planning mechanisms used to address these; in addition, ‘fundamental topics’ are provided to facilitate the understanding of certain planning processes illustrated by the practical cases.
There are two main reasons behind choosing this method to introduce spatial planning. Firstly, the spatial planning profession is facing a great crisis. Experts are confronted with a quantum leap in the availability of information and the variety of visualisation and simulation instruments suitable for their analysis. While planners can certainly rely on the new technologies available to support the planning process, it seems to be that the nature of planning process is being underestimated. Planners are once again facing the problem of having the emphasis placed on the products of planning instead on the planning process itself – a paradigm that has been challenged since the 1960s.
A second motive to create this book lies in the relationship between planners as experts and lay persons. The latter are usually fascinated with the physical interventions in space, whether these are great urban and architectural complexes or astonishing infrastructural projects. However, what seems to be forgotten, again, is the careful planning process that brought the interventions into being despite numerous problems of various kinds, e.g., lack of resources, time constraints, conflicting interests, legal barriers, etc. Therefore, the key question is: How is it possible to bring the fascinating planning results into the daylight?
This book intends to answer this question and create interest and curiosity for the field of spatial planning. Using case descriptions of a new park in Milan, storm water protection in Chicago, redevelopment of an industrial brownfield in Attisholz or a better solution for a traffic project in Antwerp and by throwing light on the topic of planning approaches, special problem-solving methods or reflective leadership, we want to interest readers in the role and importance of spatial planning in securing quality for our daily lives as well as bringing about a sustainable urban future.
In their professional lives, spatial planners are required to communicate in a simple and clear manner if they want their concerns to be understood when faced with a multitude of actors from quite different backgrounds, specialisations, institutions and social levels. Therefore, we have tried to write this book in everyday language, free of jargon and technical terms, in an effort to reach a wide audience outside professional planning circles. The book is also directed towards professionals in related disciplines and to spatially relevant actors and politicians who, in one way or another, are involved in realising spatial plans and are interested in spatial matters of public interest. We would be especially pleased if the challenging and sometimes compelling stories presented in this book raise interest in studying spatial planning or lead to advanced educational or professional development programmes. In particular, we hope the examples will also serve as an incentive to use some of the methods and theories described here. Both are needed for well-founded spatial planning and may even serve as a basis for new ideas.
Nevertheless, reading this book cannot replace the lessons and information contained in the specialised literature on planning. To meet this need, we have included references to informative and enlightening sources as a basis for possible further research in the field of spatial planning.
In conclusion, we are sincerely grateful to all the authors who compiled interesting planning practice examples and key planning topics and have thus genuinely contributed to the quality of this book. We also want to thank them for their active participation and commitment over the last few years. We hope that this collaborative effort and critical exchange of ideas serves to motivate and inspire everyone involved in the field of spatial planning. Finally, we want to thank all those at ETH Zurich who made it possible to publish this book
Partial interventions on the facades in the process of energy renovation of residential buildings - examples from the Serbian construction practice
Get PDFEnergy rehabilitation of facades of residential buildings is a process aiming to improve housing comfort and save operational energy. In the case of multi-family housing in Serbia, this procedure often involves partial interventions on the facade, which are mainly due to limited investments and lack of consensus at the building level to implement a comprehensive rehabilitation process.
There are currently several approaches, such as: 1) replacement of facade joinery as a measure taken by tenants most often individually, without synchronization at the building level; 2) thermal insulation of the facade as a technologically more complex measure in which, in certain cases, due to the lack of agreement between all users of the building, certain façade zones remain uninsulated; 3) in rare cases, repair of leaking of flat roofs, with integrated complete or partial thermal insulation.
The paper analyses several situations arising as a result of partial interventions for which, in accordance with EN 10211, a numerical simulation was performed using the T-Studio software. It has been found that the problems caused by a partial insulation of the facade or a partial replacement of facade joinery lead to the occurrence of thermal bridges and increase of the heat flow in certain areas of structures with a reduction in internal contact temperature, which increases the risk of condensation, with consequences in the form of development of mould and of microorganisms, which leads to reduction of life comfort and possible specific diseases of the user. Such negative phenomena occur both, in the apartments whose owners did not participate in the process of energy rehabilitation of facades, and in the contact zones of energy rehabilitated apartments, which, in this way, lose their invested assets and the expected effects of energy savings
Energy : resources and building performance
Get PDFToday, humankind is completely dependent on energy. Energy is indispensable for growth and life on Earth, and it is also of key importance for living comfortably – for heating, lighting, cooling, ventilation, operation of machines and appliances, for transport, etc. The major energy-generating source is the sun, sending the energy to Earth and making life on our planet possible. This energy is free of charge and without negative effects. However, we only know how to use and convert a small part of the solar energy reaching the Earth into other forms of energy necessary to improve the conditions for life and the human comfort.
The production of energy that drives our civilisation still depends heavily on the use of non-renewable fossil reserves. The dependence on coal, oil, and natural gas is a major problem faced by the humankind. Buildings need energy throughout their life cycle, which consists of six stages – extraction of raw materials, production of materials and components, transport sale, construction, operation and, finally, demolition. Measures aimed at reducing the dependence of a building on energy throughout its life cycle may be implemented on at least two levels. The first important decision is to locate a building in the environment in a manner such that it will help improve the living conditions in the building by making use of the natural features of the site:
by proper orientation of the building to facilitate heating and lighting by means of solar energy;
by using the wind to facilitate natural ventilation;
by including vegetation in the external and internal environment to improve the quality of air; and
by observing the relevant distance from the adjacent buildings to prevent the shading effect.
The second important decision in the building design process refers to the selection of materials and building technology. Every stage of the building’s lifecycle calls for a choice that will contribute to the lower energy consumption of the building:
extraction of raw materials – choice of raw materials (timber, stone, earth), as they are not energy-intensive;
production of materials and components – choice of materials whose production requires little energy;
sale of materials and components – choice of materials and components that are produced locally near the construction site and not subject to great transport distances;
construction of the building – choice of building technologies that do not require much energy;
use or operation of the building – the building should be designed in such a manner as to require little energy for heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation;
demolition – the building should be designed in a manner that permits the structure to be disassembled into the basic elements that can be sorted by specific materials and, if possible, reused or recycled.
The use of energy in buildings is thus a complex problem, but it can be reduced and alleviated by making appropriate decisions. Therefore, architects face a major and responsible task of designing the built environment in such a way that its energy dependence will be reduced to a minimum, while at the same time being able to provide comfortable living conditions. Today, architects have many tools at their disposal, facilitating the design process and simultaneously ensuring proper assessment in the early stages of building design.
The purpose of this book is to present ongoing research from the universities involved in the project Creating the Network of Knowledge Labs for Sustainable and Resilient Environments (KLABS). This book attempts to highlight the problem of energy use in buildings and propose certain solutions. It consists of nine chapters, organised in three parts. The gathering of chapters into parts serves to identify the different themes that the designer needs to consider, namely energy resources, energy use and comfort, and energy efficiency.
Part 1, entitled “Sustainable and Resilient Energy Resources,” sets off by informing the reader about the basic principles of energy sources, production, and use. The chapters give an overview of all forms of energies and energy cycle from resources to end users and evaluate the resilience of renewable energy systems. This information is essential to realise that the building, as an energy consumer, is part of a greater system and the decisions can be made at different levels.
Part 2, entitled “Energy and Comfort in the Built Environment”, explain the relationship between energy use and thermal comfort in buildings and how it is predicted. Buildings consume energy to meet the users’ needs and to provide comfort. The appropriate selection of materials has a direct impact on the thermal properties of a building. Moreover, comfort is affected by parameters such as temperature, humidity, air movement, air quality, lighting, and noise. Understanding and calculating those conditions are valuable skills for the designers.
After the basics of energy use in buildings have been explained, Part 3, entitled “Energy Saving Strategies” aims to provide information and tools that enable an energy- and environmentally-conscious design. This part is the most extensive as it aims to cover different design aspects. Firstly, passive and active measures that the building design needs to include are explained. Those measures are seen from the perspective of heat flow and generation. The Passive House concept, which is explained in the second chapter of Part 3, is a design approach that successfully incorporates such measures, resulting in low energy use by the building. Other considerations that the following chapters cover are solar control, embodied energy and CO2 emissions, and finally economic evaluation. The energy saving strategies explained in this book, despite not being exhaustive, provide basic knowledge that the designer can use and build upon during the design of new buildings and existing building upgrades.
In the context of sustainability and resilience of the built environment, the reduction of energy demand is crucial. This book aims to provide a basic understanding of the energy flows in buildings and the subsequent impact for the building’s operation and its occupants. Most importantly, it covers the principles that need to be taken into account in energy efficient building design and demonstrates their effectiveness.
Designers are shaping the built environment and it is their task to make energy-conscious and informed decisions that result in comfortable and resilient buildings
Заувек [50. Мајска изложба УЛУПУДС-а, 2018]
No full textТема рада је семантичка и графичка анализа речи ЗАУВЕК, са освртом на аспекте који се тичу и емоционалног. Термин се дели на два дела, ЗА и УВЕК, наглашавајући континуитет неограниченог трајања, до увек. Стога, та два сегмента се и графички акцентују њиховим постављањем у две „равни“. Трајање се приказује и кроз интервенције на једном делу словних знакова, док су сегменти кружница симболи непролазности
The role of industrial heritage in preserving the identity of a city: case study Smederevo
Get PDFКултурно наслеђе је препознато као незаменљив и необновљив стратешки ресурсза одрживи развој града и јачање његовог идентитета у функцији његове конкурентности на регионалном и глобалном нивоу. Индустријско наслеђе је део културног пејзажа који произилази из интеракције друштвених група и простора којим групе припадају и у односу на које граде колективни идентитет и културна значења, кроз слојевит и комплексан однос. Друштвене вредности индустријског наслеђа суважан део идентитета грађана, јер представљају део меморије о животу људи, о индустријском прогресу и поносу локалног становништва.Студија случаја ће бити спроведена у Смедереву, на локацијама индустријског наслеђа дуж обале Дунава. Идентификовање вредности и значаја индистријског наслеђа ће бити истражено анкетирањем грађана Смедерева. Анкета се састоји из утврђивања елемената имиџа места, на основу пет елемената Кевина Линча, као и идентификације емотивне повезаности грађана са местом, разумевање његових симбола и значења према Релфу.Cultural heritage is recognized as an irreplaceable and non-renewable strategic resource
for the sustainable development of the city. It could serve as important trigger for
strengthening identity and competitiveness of the city at the regional and global level.
Industrial heritage is seen as a cultural landscape that stems from the interaction of social
groups and the space they belong and in relation to which they build collective identity
and cultural meanings, through a layered and complex relationship. Social values of
industrial heritage are an important part of citizens' identity, because they represent a
part of the memory of people's lives, about industrial progress and pride of the local
citizens. The case study is conducted in Smederevo, at the area of industrial heritage
along the Danube river bank. Identification of the value and significance of the Indistrial
heritage will be investigated by a survey of citizens. The survey is based on the five
Lynch`s elements of the image of the city, as well as the identification of the emotional
connection of citizens with the city, the understanding of its symbols and meanings
Национална типлогија школских зграда Србије
Get PDFМонографија ”Национална типологија школских зграда Србије” представља основне карактеристике корпуса школских зграда Србије сумарно на нивоу Србије као и по усвојеној периодизацији односно детаљно приказане индивидуалне типове школских зграда са свим материјално техничким карактеристикама, нивоом енергетске ефикасности уз дефинисање модалитета унапређења и потенцијала уштеде енергије односно смањења емисије угљен диоксида.Monograph “National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia” presents basic characteristics of school buildings stock in Serbia cumulatively at the level of Serbia, and by the adopted periodization, i.e. in depth presentation of individual types of school buildings with all material and technical characteristics, energy efficiency level, with defined modalities for their improvement and potential for energy savings/ CO2 emission reduction