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Assessment of decarbonisation scenarios for the residential buildings of Serbia
Get PDFThermal energy demand in the residential building sector represents a big challenge for Serbia. In order to understand how to reduce this demand, and thereby
avoiding GHG gas emissions, a bottom-up simulation model was developed. The
model built the business-as-usual and two decarbonization scenarios up to 2030.
For each scenario, such results as useful and final energy consumption, associated CO2 emissions, energy costs, investment costs and others were prepared at
each level of the building stock segmentation. To develop such a detailed model,
the topology of the residential building stock was developed and used as an input.
For each individual building type, three retrofit packages of different stringency
were analyzed. The paper delivers several important messages for the decarbonization of Serbia. First, it argues that the level of thermal energy services consumed by Serbian households is inadequate to address their needs. Second, the
households of Serbia are likely to consume more wood than it was reported by national energy balances. Third, thermal energy efficiency retrofits can significantly
reduce household energy demand at the same time as offering higher thermal
comfort. However, the required investments are high and therefore benefits beyond energy cost savings should also be considered in order to make the transition to the low energy building stock economically feasible
Adsorptive and thermodynamic properties derived from different synthetic zeolite – groundwater ammonium species molar ratios
No full textIn order to investigate potential effect of synthetic zeolite and groundwater ammonium species molar ratios(MCQ) on the sorption and thermodynamic parameters, batch experiments of groundwater ammonium ion (AMI) adsorption were conducted using synthetic zeolite CR-100 (CR). Commercial CR adsorbent, and CR after the equilibrium at the lowest MCQ were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Adsorption studies at three temperatures were carried out to evaluate CR potential for AMI removal. Results showed that AMI removal efficiency (η) decreased (279 K > 289 K > 299 K) at higher MCQ values, and to opposite increased (279 K < 289 K < 299 K) at lower MCQ, where the highest η was 85.11% at 279 K. Isotherm curve shapes showed that investigated ammonium ion adsorption on CR is a multi-layer process. The AMI adsorption results fitted the Freundlich isotherm model very well, with CR adsorption capacity from 4.85 mg/L (279 K) to 11.38 mg/L (299 K), and the sorption process can be described by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Obtained standard free energy values were negative at all experimental temperatures and indicated that ammonium sorption process on CR was spontaneous with physical characteristics. Adsorption process was found to be slightly exothermic and spontaneous when MCQ was low, and exothermic and non-spontaneous in the conditions of high MCQ
Diagrammatics: Information/Data and Knowledge Articulation, Critical Legacy, and the Current Status of Digitally and Designerly Intelligent Strategy/Register/Regime of Reasoning and Representation
No full textDiagram has been conveying, visualising, inquiring, assessing and recalibrating different ideas in its distinguished diagrammatic way throughout history. It has been used as a particular instrument of cognition, and representation, and as such, activated either within the specific visual or symbolic system and logic of proof and inference, or as an open-structure mechanism of critical thinking. Capable of producing new knowledge, it oftentimes inclined towards disturbance and transformation of well-established knowledge forms and representations aside from providing their confirmation and systematic explanation.
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After its first autonomous scientific consideration within the field of logic and representation (C. S. Pierce), and reactivation in the 1960s and 1970s by the critical movements and constructivist continuities in theory and philosophy, diagram has been reinvented in a way that significantly broadened its previous conceptual scopes. Its most recent, contemporary interpretations followed, becoming highly influential in the field of architectural theory and practice. [...]Co-directors: Prof. Snjezana Prijic Samarzija (University of Rijeka), Prof. Joerg H. Gleiter (Technical University Berlin), Prof. Petar Bojanic (University of Belgrade / CAS SEE University of Rijeka), Prof. Giovanni Durbiano (Politecnico di Torino), Prof. Alessandro Armando (Politecnico di Torino). • • • Special Guest: Dr. Christoph Engemann (Bauhaus University Weimar). • • • Participants / Presenters: Prof. Snjezana Prijic-Samarzija, Prof. Joerg Gleiter, Prof. Alessandro Armando, Prof. Petar Bojanic, Prof. Lidia Gasperoni, Dr. Christoph Engemann, Dr. Lina Dokuzovic, Dr. Monica Cano Abadia, Dr. Dragana Ciric, Dr. Arianna Piacentini, Dr. Natasa Jankovic, Dr. Sanja Bojanic, Dr. Snezana Vesnic, Hana Samarzija, Milos Cipranic, Andrea Mesanovic, Marco Paladines, Tijana Mackic, Catarina Quaglio, Klaus Platzgummer, Federico Cesareo, Milica Petrovic, Frederick Springer, Valerio Della Scala, Elena Todella, Sarah Gretsch, Dezire Tillinger, Maria Chiara Continillo, Edoardo Fregonese (lectures by invitation) (predavanja po pozivu) (osim na konferencijama
The network of local centers as a tool for strengthening the super-block communities: Belgrade vs. Rome
Get PDFThe comparative study presented in this paper analyses the network of local community centers generated in the open spaces of the super-blocks of Rome and Belgrade. The focus is on the barriers that affect their functioning in the terms of connectivity. Considering the future development of local neighborhoods, the questions of accessibility and integration are raised, targeting the identified community centers and their emerging networks. This topic is important on the level of place attachment, addressing the issues of the everyday life quality within a neighbourhood, and the potential strength of the inner-community relationships. The main goal is to analyze the effects created by the existing physical barriers, using five principles of urban design defined by Jan Gehl’s Cities for people. Two selected case studies represent the functional city concept, transformed into two different models. Certain barriers within them are the products of socio-political contexts, influencing the structure and inner-connectivity of the local community. The conclusion of the paper highlights the main reasons instigating the differences between selected neighbourhoods (in terms of the networking of local community centers), simultaneously suggesting possibilities and themes for further research
Soundscapes (Resonate) [ 40. salon arhitekture, 2018]
No full textUzimajući u obzir činjenicu da arhitektonska fotografija, kao isključivo vizuelni zapis arhitektonskog prostora i šireg predela, ne može u potpunosti obuhvatiti stvarno multisenzorno estetičko iskustvo arhitekture koju ima za predmet, napravljen je pokušaj da se 'taktilnost zvuka' i višestruki senzorni efekti prikazanog fragmenta prostora Muzeja umetnosti, arhitekture i tehnologije (MAAT) u Lisabonu, nagoveste, kako naslov sugeriše, fotografijom koja bi (kroz vizuelni rečnik) prenela logiku zvučnog zapisa objekta. Prelamanja talasa vidljivog dela spektra zračenja na višestruko zakrivljenim, karakteristično strukturalno-mozaički segmentiranim, površima objekta i njegove forme, upućuju na specifična akustička svojstva i prošireni čulni efekat koji objekat generiše, ali koje nije moguće direktno preneti. Temom su problematizovane isključivost vizuelnosti posredovane fotografijom, ograničenja i mogućnost proširenja estetičkog iskustva samog medija fotografije.
Objekat MAAT odabran je kao primer kroz koji se tematizuje mišljenje prostora kroz zvuk (fizičku talasnu komponentu koja je u interakciji sa arhitektonski definisanim prostorom), vodeći se činjenicom da zvuk može postati primarni gradivni i generativni element arhitektonske forme, odnosno element formalne arhitektonske koordinacije. Iako objekat nije morao odgovoriti na zahteve specifične zvučne reprodukcije kao primarnog tipološkog zadatka (poput koncertnih dvorana), rezultat projektantske intervencije i arhitektonsko-inženjerske saradnje—rezultujuća sonička priroda objekta—aktivira svest da svaki arhitektonski i urbani prostor poseduje i svoj prepoznatljiv akustički otisak, ili karakterizaciju
Networked Urban Housing with Self-Managed Production : Case of Eco Green Village (MILD Home) in Belgrade
Get PDFThis research focuses on developing a position towards the concept of housing and production as complementary programs in urban environments. The position that is represented in this research addresses the issue of sustainability of architectural space using two key notions: ecology + economy. Alternative definitions and interpretations of these two notions can offer a new understanding of the concept of sustainability in architecture. In this sense, ecology is considered as a practice that deals with the relations between people, and at the same time to their physical surroundings. Therefore, ecology implies social interactions. Economy is considered as a careful management of available resources. However, economy is also a relational activity, which implies diverse interactions between people (in sharing and distributing resources).
Introductiory chapter of research opens a discussion on:
- Challenges of contemporary city living
- Urban-rural dichotomy and the rise of networks
- Towards new concepts of urban livin
Built environment and city resilience
Get PDFRast populacije, koji uzrokuje neizbežno širenje gradova, klimatske promene i rastuća
oskudica konvencionalnih izvora energije, fosilnih goriva, rezultuju pojavom raznovrsnih
problema i poremećaja, što predstavlja izazove za razvoj principa i strategija kako urbanog
planiranja tako i projektovanja i gradnje zgrada koji će pomoći našim gradovima da se suoče sa uticajima tih stresova. Za povećanje rezilijentnosti grada kroz projektovanje zgrada
važna su dva pitanja: smanjenje potrošnje energije proizvedene iz fosilnih goriva i smanjenje zagađenja životne sredine. Veći kapacitet rezilijentnosti grada u budućnosti uključuje i
postizanje energetske i ekološke bezbednosti, što podrazumeva razvoj tehnologija za korišćenje obnovljivih izvora energije i u skladu sa tim strategija kako za projektovanje i gradnju novih zgrada, tako i za energetsku sanaciju postojećih zgrada. U tom smislu u radu se
navode strateški principi za projektovanje i izgradnju zgrada.
Za ostvarenje energetski efikasnih zgrada omotač zgrade je najodgovorniji deo strukture
zgrade. Osim zaštite od nepovoljnog vremena, osvetljenja i buke, komponente omotača
zgrade dobijaju i ulogu proizvodnje energije. U radu se razmatraju inovativni koncepti i
tehnologije materijalizacije omotača zgrada značajni za postizanje rezilijentnosti zgrada i
time bezbednost životne sredine. Ukazuje se na projektantski koncept aktivnog odnosa
zgrade i okruženja i u tom kontekstu razmatraju relevantne tehnologije i tehnička rešenja.
Doprinos energetske sanacije zgrada rezilijentnosti grada pokazan je kroz diskusiju rezultata izvesnih prethodnih istraživanja. Pažnja je posvećena mogućnosti smanjenja potrošnje
fosilnih goriva i zagađenja životne sredine, čime se doprinesi umanjenju klimatskih promena, što je jedan od aspekata postizanja urbane bezbednosti.Cities are complex and dynamic structures that have existed for thousands of years despite
many different influences and processes and resulting problems and disorders, which are
the challenges that cities are continuously subjected to. In this sense, every city has its specific features, but nowadays, it is possible to distinguish several key processes with a continuously growing trend and related to: global population growth and migrations, intensive
energy consumption in spite of decreasing availability of conventional energy sources, environmental pollution and climate change. For cities to be able to resist negative impacts of
these processes in future, new and revised strategies for developing resilience of cities are
needed.
Scientific and professional circles consider a resilient city to be a city that has developed
strategies and capacities to help absorb future shocks and stresses to its social, economic,
and technical systems and infrastructures so as to still be able to maintain essentially the
same functions, structures, systems, and identity (ResilientCity.org, 2016). The term resilience means the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing
change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks
(The Resilience Alliance; Walker et al., 2004).
Especially important is the ability to learn from the process of absorbing these disturbances
– the ability to perceive the data and feedback on the results. This upgrades resilience of the
system and helps to overcome disorders.
When it comes to global population growth, according to projections the world population will
continue to grow until at least 2050, with the population reaching 9 billion in 2040, and some
predictions putting the population in 2050 as high as 11 billion (http://esa.un.org/unpp/wpp/).
According to the United Nations Population Fund, 2008 marked the year when more than 50
percent of all people, 3.3 billion, lived in urban areas, a figure expected to rise to 70 percent by
2050 (UN, 2008).The same source indicates that in Europe 75 percent of the population already
lives in urban areas, and predictions are that this number will reach 80 percent by 2020. In terms of
resources of our planet, this increase in the number of population is considered unsustainable.
Rapid population migration to cities leads to a dramatic expansion of cities, causing a large number
of various disorders and problems which cities have to face, not only social, but also those that
reflect the physical structure of the city, buildings and infrastructure, as well as identity.
Given that the world’s existing building stock includes a large percentage of buildings that
were built during the periods when energy consumption for the building operation was not
the subject of substantial consideration, it is observed that it consumes a large amount of
energy produced by conventional energy sources, fossil fuels. This problem increases due
to intensive migration of population from rural and underdeveloped smaller urban areas to
the cities, and because of intensive industrial development. From a global standpoint, cities
consume between 60 and 80 percent of electrical energy and are responsible for large emissions of greenhouse gases (UN, 2008), especially carbon dioxide, which causes considerable environmental pollution, and climate change. Buildings and their supporting infrastructures are said to be responsible for emitting 50% of CO2 emissions, possibly rising to
70% if urban transportation is included (Jones et al., 2009). At a global level, if fossil fuels
continue to be burnt at a ’business as usual’ trajectory, in a matter of a couple of decades,
we will cross the 450 ppm level, taken as the limit for keeping global warming under 20°C
(BBC, 2013; Jones, 2014). Assessments are that the production of fossil fuels globally will
reach a maximum between 2010 and 2020, after which we are to face a decline in production and problems of exhausted sources of these fuels. This disorder has a direct impact
on the growth of the price of these fuels, which can lead to complex problems.
The aforementioned processes and associated disorders and problems affect the urban safety contributing to the complexity of the security issues. These issues and strategies for the
achievement of the flexibility and resilience of cities can be considered from different aspects. In this paper, consideration is focused on the built environment, respectively buildings whose role and importance for achieving urban resilience are discussed. In this sense,
the subjects of discussion are strategic commitments related to the principles of design and
construction of buildings and the use of modern architectural technology.
When it comes to increasing the resilience of the city through the design of buildings, the
following two issues are important: reducing the consumption of energy produced from
fossil fuels and environmental pollution. Increasing energy scarcity and climate change are
recognized as key challenges affecting development of the principles and strategies of urban and building design which will help our cities to cope with the impacts of these stresses. The strategic guidelines for the design of buildings are one of the main factors to increase the resilience of the city. Solutions are expected with new technologies that use renewable energy sources and in strategies of controlled/rational consumption of energy.
Overall, it is important to bear in mind that a resistant perspective acknowledges that change
is constant and prediction difficult in a world that is complex and dynamic (Ward, 2007).
The energy performance of a city’s infrastructure and building fabric is a key determinant
of its capacity for resilience (Applegath, 2012). In the case of new buildings, technologies
for conservation and energy production must be involved in their design from the very
beginning, while the existing buildings need to be well thermally insulated in order to be
suitable for the installation of infrastructure for the use of renewable energy sources such as
solar collectors for water heating and photovoltaic modules. In this way, the buildings
acquire the potential for reaching the category of zero energy buildings.
Buildings have to be designed in such a way to enable new or existing urban structures
transform in less energy-intensive and less carbon-intensive ones, instead of the current
urban structures characterized by high energy consumption. In this sense, it is essential that
buildings are more energy independent, and can produce enough energy for their needs or
produce a greater amount that can be directed to cover certain needs of the community.
Design approaches should be connected to the uniqueness of the geographical origin of the
community, their tradition and national history, religious and social beliefs, so that the population can accept them.
Architectural concepts that incorporate an active relationship between the building and its
surroundings are resulting from the awareness of the complexity, dynamics and changeability of our environment. An active relationship between the building and its surroundings involves the implementation of the technologies of heating, cooling, ventilation and
natural lighting that are based on the use of natural forces (such as the pressure differences,
differences in temperature and humidity), and the use of renewable energy sources.
Development of renewable energy technologies that can be incorporated in buildings, as
well as architectural concepts and technology of zero energy buildings are crucial to increase the resilience capacity of cities and buildings in the future.
In this paper, through a comparative analysis of case studies and the results of certain previous researches, relevant technologies and technical solutions are discussed and the
importance of built environment, more exactly of buildings for achieving the resilience of
the city is shown. Attention is paid to the possibilities of reducing fossil fuel consumption
and pollution of the environment, thus contributing to reduction of climate change, which is
one of the prerequisites if we want to achieve urban safety
Reframing digital practices in mediated public open spaces associated with cultural heritage
No full textThis article addresses the relationship between digital media technologies (delivered via smart phones, tablets, wi-fi connections) and their use in public open spaces (parks, gar-dens, squares, plazas, streets, etc.). The consequences of technology pervasiveness in the context of the everyday operation of urban environments are not yet fully investigated. Furthermore, due to the rapid development and increasing possibilities of ICTs for appli-cation in the public realm, digital tools challenge a better understanding of the conse-quences of technology pervasiveness by urban designers and social scientists. This leads to questions about the many ways ICTs affect the use of public open space, the risks included as well as the degree to which these new, emergent, uses fit into the concept of a virtual society. This article addresses the capacity of ICTs to transform our cities into more social places and contribute to more interesting and engaging ways to navigate and interact with public spaces, rather than merely offer high-tech interfaces to data about the operation of urban infrastructures, e.g., transportation networks, or measurements of energy consump-tion and atmospheric conditions.
It is based on the European COST network CyberParks. Several analysed aspects of the relationship of ICTs with public spaces and urban design show that ICTs cause and enable innovative outdoor social practices which could provoke spatial and social experts to use them in policies, design and research in order to produce responsive and inclusive urban places. Therefore, aspects as leisure and recreation, social media and heritage will be ex-plored and discussed on the basis of examples already implemented in different cities. Heritage can be used to influence positively the social cohesion of neighbourhoods as it can be promoted in such a way that, instead of provoking tensions and division, would offer spaces of inclusion, interesting everyday experiences and provide a sense of belong-ing to socially excluded communities
City Gallery at Kosančićev venac [The 21st Salon of architecture, 2018] [Honorable Mention]
Get PDFUzimajući u obzir istorijsku stratifikaciju predmetne lokacije i zadate kompleksne uslove konkursa, prezentovani projekat Gradske galerije nastoji da uspostavi relaciju između tradicionalnih elemenata i savremenih principa arhitektonskog projektovanja i da naglasi identifikovane envajronmentalne vrednosti. Dvojaki, a opet istovremeni uticaji prirodnog i izgrađenog, uređenog i devastiranog, ali i težnje kako za zaštitom graditeljskog nasleđa tako i za potrebom za savremenim, definisali su podvojenost arhitekture galerije na dve oblikovne celine: arhitekturu tla i volumen programa.Taking into account the historical stratification of the site location and given complex competition requirements, presented project of the City Gallery strives to achieve the combination of traditional elements and modern principles in architectural design and to draw attention to the identified environmental values. Divers, yet simultaneous impacts of natural and constructed, decorated and devastated but also the aspirations to protect architectural heritage and the need to modernize it, defined the division in our design of the gallery: the architecture of the “ground” and “the volume of the program”
Apartment Building P20 [The 21st Salon of architecture, 2018]
Get PDFThe building is located in Belgrade, Serbia, in the urban area in a period of transformation - from a residential settlement to an area with predominantly multi-family buildings. The ongoing process requires an inevitable change in the structure of the space, which affects the quality of life of the users. The main idea of the building is reflected in the desire to achieve contact with nature - surrounding greenery. On the north side of the building, the facade plan consists of large openings that enable visual contact between the living space and the existing green belt of trees on the street. The connection between the private space of apartments and the natural environment is emphasized with the terraces. On the south side, the courtyard garden with the high greenery enriches the quality of life. The “green barrier” increases the intimacy level of the private sphere and plays the role of a borrowed landscape in the interior space improving the ambiance values.Objekat se nalazi u Beogradu, na lokaciji koja doživljava period transformacije – od naselja rezidencijalnog karaktera u područje sa pretežno višeporodičnim objektima. Proces koji je u toku, uslovljava neminovnu promenu strukture prostora što se odražava i na kvalitet života korisnika. Osnovna namera u koncipiranju objekta ogleda se u želji za ostvarivanjem kontakta sa zelenilom u okruženju. Na severnoj strani objekta na kojem je i pristup, fasadni plan čine otvori velikih dimenzija koji omogućavaju ostvarivanje vizuelnog kontakta stambenog prostora i postojećeg bogatog drvoreda. Ova težnja potencirana je i izbacivanjem terasa koje pružaju bliži kontakt sa prirodom. Na južnoj strani, definisanje dvorišne bašte, koja dozvoljava uvođenje visokog zelenila, doprinosi unapređenju kvaliteta života uz ostvarivanje zelenog pojasa. Ovaj vid zelene barijere ima ulogu pozajmljenog pejzaža u unutrašnjem prostoru koji pored unapređenja ambijentalnih vrednosti, doprinosi i povećanju stepena intime što ima izuzetni značaj u područjima guste izgrađenosti