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Chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of Lycium fruits cultivated in Serbia
No full textLycium fruits, produced by perennial plants from the Solanaceae family, are promoted under the
common name goji berries or wolfberries. Within this genus, L. barbarum and L. ruthenicum,
are the most extensively researched species, characterized by their unique morphological traits,
such as differences in fruit shape, color, taste, and bioactive compound profile. While goji berries
are mainly cultivated in the northwestern regions of China, recent studies suggest that they are
increasingly cultivated in European countries, including Serbia, where they are recognized as a
“superfood” due to their rich composition and potential health benefits. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the nutritional value and chemical
composition of red (L. barbarum L.), yellow (L. barbarum var. aurauticarpum), and black (L. ruthenicum Murr.) goji fruits cultivated in Serbia. Furthermore, in vitro assessments of antioxidant (ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH, and β-carotene bleaching assays), antienzymatic (against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase) and antimicrobial (against eight control strains) potential of methanol extracts from these goji fruits were presented.
The results show significant differences between the Lycium species, although they share common characteristics such as a low energy value and a favorable ratio of soluble to insoluble dietary
fiber and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of various bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, carotenoids, and polyphenols,
with rutin, chlorogenic, and gallic acids being the predominant constituents contributing to their
nutritional profile. Specifically, anthocyanins were dominant for black, carotenoids for red, and
flavonoids for yellow goji berries. These phytochemicals have been linked to various biological activities and health-promoting effects. A link has been established between total phenolic content
and antioxidant activity, flavonoids and antimicrobial properties, and polysaccharides with the
inhibition of enzymes involved in diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and hyperpigmentation.
These bioactive effects emphasize the potential of goji fruits cultivated in Serbia for various industrial applications, including the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors, and thus encourage the expansion of their cultivation and utilization
Predviđanje sadržaja voskova u vinterizovanom ulju suncokreta nakon filtracije potpomognute filtracionim sredstvima na bazi celuloze
No full text65. savetovanje Proizvodnja i prerada uljarica sa međunarodnim učešćem =
Proceedings / 65th Conference Production and Processing ог Oilseeds with international participation, Zbornik radova [Elektronski izvor] / Herceg Novi,
23-28. jun 2024. godine
Phenolic composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of Saxifraga paniculata Mill.
No full textAlpine saxifrage (Saxifraga paniculata Mill.), a rosette-forming subshrub, is distributed in North America,Europe, and Asia. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro biological activitiesof the methanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of the plant. The phenolic profile and content of thefour compounds were determined by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC), antioxidant potential as well as enzyme inhibitory capacity were evaluated spectrophotometrically.The antimicrobial activity was tested by the broth- microdilution method, while the cytotoxic effect wasexamined by the MTT assay. The analysis revealed the presence of 23 compounds, including quercetin,six quercetin glycosides, seven kaempferol glycosides, two caffeoylquinic acids, three galloylhexosides,two digalloylhexosides, galloylquinic acid, and (epi)gallocatechin gallate. The most abundant constituentwas quercitrin (1.62%), followed by chlorogenic acid (0.28%), kaempferol deoxyhexoside (0.12%),and rutin (0.07%). TPC and TFC were 26.71% and 2.12%, respectively. The demonstrated antioxidantactivity was significant (DPPH test, IC50=9.30 μg/mL; FRAP test, FRAP value=2.89 mmol Fe2+/g; ABTStest, IC50=34.22 μg/mL). The extract potently inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50=1.86 μg/mL) and, to a lesserextent, 15-lipooxygenase (IC50=49.60 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50=9.95 mg/mL). The minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) against Acinetobacter baumannii was 1000 μg/mL; MIC was higher against the othersix tested strains of microorganisms. No effect on cancer cell lines (HeLa, HT-29, HCT-116, LS174) andhealthy cells (MRC-5) was observed. The findings expanded the scarce literature data on S. paniculata andhighlighted its potential, warranting further investigation.Book of absctract: International congress on natural products research Kraków 2024, July 13-1
High-performance liquid chromatography evaluation of lipophilicity and QSRR modeling of a series of dual DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors
Get PDFBacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV control the topological state of DNA during replication
and represent important antibacterial drug targets. To be successful as drug candidates, newly synthesized compounds must possess optimal lipophilicity, which enables efficient delivery to the site of action. In this study, retention behavior of twenty-three previously synthesized dual DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors was tested in RP-HPLC system, consisting of C8 column and acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (pH 5.5 and pH 7.4) mobile phase. logD was calculated at both pH values and the best correlation with logD was obtained for retention parameter φ0, indicating that this RP-HPLC system could be used as an alternative to the shake-flask determination of lipophilicity. Subsequent QSRR analysis revealed that intrinsic lipophilicity (logP) and molecular weight (bcutm13) have a positive, while solubility (bcutp3) has a negative influence on this retention parameter
Synergism of polysaccharide polymers in antihistamine eye drops: Influence on physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy
No full textThe incorporation of polymers into drug delivery vehicles has been shown to be a useful approach to prolong the
residence time of drugs in the precorneal tear film and to improve penetration into biological membranes. The
main objective of this research was to formulate novel viscous eye drops with ketotifen as the active ingredient,
containing the polysaccharides: chitosan (MCH), hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) and hyaluronic acid (SH) alone
and in combination as functional polymers. DSC and FT-IR techniques showed the compatibility between
ketotifen and polymers. Physicochemical and rheological analysis at ambient and simulated physiological conditions, as well as the evaluation of mucoadhesive properties showed that vehicles containing combinations of
polymers have suitable physicochemical and functional properties with demonstrated synergism between
combined polymers (MCH and HPG i.e. SH and HPG). The drug permeability was successfully estimated in vitro
using HCE-T cell-based models. MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the tested formulations were non-toxic
and well tolerated. In vivo preclinical study on mice revealed that both vehicles containing mixed polymers
enhanced and prolonged the antipruritic/analgesic-like effect of ophthalmic ketotifen. Based on these results,
both combinations of polysaccharide polymers, especially SH-HPG, could be considered as potential new carriers
for ketotifen for ophthalmic use
Molecular mechanisms of environmental pollutant-induced cartilage damage: from developmental disorders to osteoarthritis
No full textThe objective of the present study was to review the molecular mechanisms of the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on chondrocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM). Existing data demonstrate that both heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), as well as organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), bisphenol A, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), pesticides, and certain other organic pollutants that target cartilage ontogeny and functioning. Overall, environmental pollutants reduce chondrocyte viability through the induction apoptosis, senescence, and inflammatory response, resulting in cell death and impaired ECM production. The effects of organic pollutants on chondrocyte development and viability were shown to be mediated by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling and modulation of non-coding RNA expression. Adverse effects of pollutant exposures were observed in articular and growth plate chondrocytes. These mechanisms also damage chondrocyte precursors and subsequently hinder cartilage development. In addition, pollutant exposure was shown to impair chondrogenesis by inhibiting the expression of Sox9 and other regulators. Along with altered Runx2 signaling, these effects also contribute to impaired chondrocyte hypertrophy and chondrocyte-to-osteoblast trans-differentiation, resulting in altered endochondral ossification. Several organic pollutants including PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PAHs, were shown to induce transgenerational adverse effects on cartilage development and the resulting skeletal deformities. Despite of epidemiological evidence linking human environmental pollutant exposure to osteoarthritis or other cartilage pathologies, the data on the molecular mechanisms of adverse effects of environmental pollutant exposure on cartilage tissue were obtained from studies in laboratory rodents, fish, or cell cultures and should be carefully extrapolated to humans, although they clearly demonstrate that cartilage should be considered a putative target for environmental pollutant toxicity
Impact of winemaking techniques on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cabernet sauvignon wines
No full text82nd FIP World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Cape Town, South Africa, 1 to 4 September 2024Abstracts: https:[//doi.org/10.46542/pe.2024.247.313331
Correlation of Systemic Inflammation Parameters and Serum SLFN11 in Small Cell Lung Cancer—A Prospective Pilot Study
No full textBackground and objectives: The objective of this research was to analyze the correlation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 (sPD-L1), and Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) with the response to first-line chemotherapy in a cohort of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, and to determine their potential as predictive serum biomarkers. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 SCLC patients were included. Blood samples were taken to determine CRP, sPD-L1, and SLFN11 levels. The first sampling was performed before the start of chemotherapy, the second after two cycles, and the third after four cycles of chemotherapy. Results: The patients who died earlier during the study had NLR and SLFN11 concentrations significantly higher compared to the survivor group. In the group of survivors, after two cycles of chemotherapy, the NLR ratio decreased significantly (p < 0.01), but after four cycles, the NLR ratio increased (p < 0.05). Their serum SLFN11 concentration increased significantly (p < 0.001) after two cycles of chemotherapy, but after four cycles, the level of SLFN11 fell significantly (p < 0.01). CRP, NLR, and SLFN11 were significant predictors of patient survival according to Kaplan–Meier analysis. The combination of inflammatory parameters and SLFN11 with a cutoff value above the 75th percentile of the predicted probability was associated with significantly lower overall survival in SCLC patients (average survival of 3.6 months vs. 4.8 months). Conclusion: The combination of inflammatory markers and the levels of two specific proteins (sPD-L1, SLFN11) could potentially serve as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting responses to DNA-damaging therapeutic agents in SCLC
Thyroid under siege: Unravelling the toxic impact of real-life metal mixture exposures in Wistar rats
No full textThis study explored the effect of a toxic metal(oid) mixture (cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, chromium, and nickel) on thyroid function in Wistar rats exposed for 28 or 90 days. Dose levels were determined based on prior human-biomonitoring investigation. The experiment included control (male/female rats, 28 and 90 days) and treated groups, reflecting the lower confidence limit of the Benchmark Dose (BMDL) for hormone levels (M1/F1, 28 and 90 days), median concentrations (M2/F2, 28 and 90 days), 95th percentile concentrations (M3/F3, 28 and 90 days) measured in a human study, and reference values for individual metals extracted from the literature (M4/F4, 28 days only). Blood and thyroid gland samples were collected at the experimental termination. Serum TSH, fT3, fT4, T3, and T4 levels were measured, and SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD parameters were calculated. In silico analysis, employing the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database and ToppGene Suite portal, aimed to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects. Results showed greater sensitivity in the female rats, with significant effects observed at lower doses. Subacute exposure increased TSH, fT3, and T3 levels in females, while subchronic exposure in males decreased TSH and fT3 levels and increased fT4. Subacute exposure induced changes even at allegedly safe doses, emphasizing potential health risks. Histological abnormalities were observed in all the treated groups. In silico findings suggested that toxic metal exposure contributes to thyroid disorders via oxidative stress, disruption of micronutrients, interference with hormone synthesis, and gene expression dysregulation. These results indicate that seemingly safe doses in single-substance research can adversely affect thyroid structure and function when administered as a mixture. These findings highlight the complex impact of toxic metal exposure on thyroid health, emphasizing that adhering to accepted safety limits for single-substance research fails to account for adverse effects on thyroid structure and function upon exposures to metal mixtures
Determination of fluoride in infant juices using fluoride ion-selective electrode
Get PDFInfant juices (concentrated liquids) and baby food in the form of porridge are the main sources of fluoride intake during infancy, alongside breast milk. In addition, fruits and vegetables used to make infant juices play an important role in the fluoride content of infant formula supplements. Monitoring the fluoride content in such formulations is crucial to ensure the safety, quality, and optimal health of the youngest consumers. An unbalanced intake of this ion can lead to diseases such as dental fluorosis and skeletal bone disease, and high fluoride concentrations can have a negative impact on brain development and cognitive abilities in newborns.
The aim of this study was to determine fluoride in 17 samples of selected infant juices available on the Serbian market from four different manufacturers using fluoride ion-selective electrodes, as a rapid, reliable, robust, economical, and environmentally friendly method.
The method was applied without significant prior sample preparation, using the standard addition method, and the fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.0845 to 0.2810 mg/L.
The results obtained were below the values recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) for fluoride ion concentrations.
Considering that children, especially infants, are the most vulnerable to the harmful effects of fluoride, more attention must be paid to the consumption and contribution of this element from other food sources. From this point of view, health authorities should emphasize fluoride as an additional toxic element and carry out more controls on infant feeding