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Direktno kompresibilni koprocesovani ekscipijens dobijen sušenjem raspršivanjem pogodan za formulaciju tableta sa visoko doziranom lekovitom supstancom
No full textNovo tehničko rešenje primenjeno na nacionalnom nivou (M82
Assessing the impact of a wheat flour and baker's yeast restricted diet vs. calorie restriction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
No full textIntroduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and nonalcoholic, progressive liver disorder associated with metabolic disturbance. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a wheat flour or baker’s yeast restricted diet with traditional calorie restriction in NAFLD patients. Material and methods: The analysed data were obtained from 243 individuals with NAFLD, who completed the study. Of these patients, 54 belonged to Group (1) (standard diet, SD), 104 belonged to Group (2) (wheat flour-free diet, WFFD), and 85 belonged to Group (3) (yeast-free diet, YFD). The intervention period lasted 6 months, during which participants’ dietary compliance was closely monitored. Anthropometric measurements, liver function tests, and imaging studies were conducted at baseline, after 3 months, and at the endpoint. Results: At the end of the 6-month trial, both the WFFD and YFD groups exhibited a noteworthy reduction in body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) levels when compared to a standard diet that only involved calorie restriction. Furthermore, a notable reduction in the severity of liver steatosis was seen in these groups (p < 0.05). The SD group did not exhibit any significant changes in these metrics. The WFFD group experienced a notable reduction in Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) values (p < 0.05). Cluster analysis revealed that the obese group had higher HSI, weight, and BMI values throughout the study period, indicating a more advanced stage of NAFLD. Conclusions: This study highlights the significance of food constituents and dietary strategies in the treatment of NAFLD. It suggests that limiting the intake of wheat flour and baker’s yeast specifically could have positive effects on liver well-being. Nevertheless, it is imperative to conduct comprehensive and enduring investigations that consider the genetic and metabolic variations among individuals. The results of this study provide evidence that customised dietary approaches designed to meet people’s specific nutritional requirements could be crucial in the treatment of NAFLD
First Reported QSAR Models Of Dual HDAC6 And ROCK2 Inhibitors Employing Random Forest Regression Algorithm
No full textLigands that simultaneously affect the function of several targets (i.e. dual ligands) play an important
role in cancer research. For example, the signaling pathways of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and
Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) overlap in tumor progression and cancer cell motility. The
existence of dual inhibitors raised a hypothesis for us as to whether it is possible to predict the inhibitory
potential of such dual ligands using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) approach. As
the test of this hypothesis, we now present the first QSARs of dual HDAC6 and ROCK2 inhibitors,
one correctly predicting one and the other the other signaling pathway, using machine learning Random
Forest (RF) regression representation. For this the data sets for HDAC6 and ROCK2 inhibitors for
IC50 activity were extracted from the ChEMBL database and systematically and manually curated.
Both datasets were rationally divided into training and test set in order of increasing pIC50. Ligand
structures were characterized with molecular descriptors within RDKit software in Python environment.
RFmodels were derived for both HDAC6 and ROCK2 inhibitors, with excellent predictive ability by both
models. Composition of the descriptors in the models describes the structural impact on the HDAC6 and
ROCK2 inhibitor activity. RF QSAR-s were successfully evaluated as an external blind validation with
independent set of experimentally tested dual HDAC6/ROCK2 inhibitors, ligands first demonstrated by
us [1].21st International Conference on QSAR in Environmental and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri", June 6-9, 2025, Milan, Ital
From Nature to Function: Green Composites Using Camphoric Acid-Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Bamboo/Flax Non-Woven Reinforcements
No full textUnsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) were synthesized from camphoric acid and diluted with styrene, partially replaced (up to 30%) by trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Rheological tests showed increased but sustainable viscosity due to TMPTA’s higher polarity. These UPRs served as matrices for composites reinforced with non-woven bamboo and flax mats from recycled waste. Mechanical testing revealed that Cf-UPR/TMPTA30 exhibited the highest tensile strength (25.2 MPa) and modulus (0.96 GPa), compared to 18.7 MPa and 0.74 GPa for the styrene-based resin, respectively, attributed to greater cross-link density. Bamboo composites showed lower tensile properties (13.6 MPa) due to random fiber orientation and porosity, while flax-reinforced systems, especially Cf-UPR/TMPTA30–FLAX, reached 42.7 MPa tensile and 95.5 MPa flexural strength, indicating synergy between TMPTA-modified resin and flax fibers. Dynamic-mechanical analysis confirmed stable thermo-mechanical behavior, and water uptake tests showed reduced absorption (by ~10%), suggesting improved fiber/matrix adhesion. SEM images revealed brittle fracture and fiber pull-out in styrene systems, but fiber breakage and ductile textures in TMPTA-based ones, proving better stress transfer. Thermal analysis indicated slightly earlier degradation onset for TMPTA-modified resins but higher char yield in fiber composites. Overall, TMPTA substitution and flax reinforcement enhance the mechanical, interfacial, and thermal properties of bio-based UPRs, supporting sustainable high-performance composites
Addressing the second victim phenomenon among community pharmacists and its impact on clinical pharmacy practice: a consensus study
No full textBackground: The second victim phenomenon, denoting the harmful effects of patient safety incidents on healthcare practitioners, remains insufficiently examined within the pharmacy workforce.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the second victim phenomenon in community pharmacies, focusing on its triggers, impacts on pharmacists' well-being, and effects on pharmaceutical care and safety.Method: This consensus study with the Nominal Group Technique involved 27 community pharmacists in three equal groups. The final ranks of the statements scored by participants from 5 to 1 were recalculated using the Van Breda method, combining three distinct data sets with higher values for a higher impact on the output evaluated. Statistics were applied to ascertain event distribution and investigate the potential relationships between event categories and outcomes for patients and pharmacists.Results: "Patient-centric anxiety" (6.8) was the top mental health issue, followed by "Personal responsibility and resilience" and "Future concerns and career aspirations" (6.0 each). The dominant support was "Colleague/Peer support" (5.3). The most frequent patient safety incidents were "Inadequate pharmaceutical service" (8.0) and "Wrong drug dispensed" (7.8). Most errors (63%) were dispensing failures, primarily wrong drug dispensed (44.4%). Of these, 50% were near misses, 25.0% caused no harm, and 16.7% had serious consequences. Field notes suggest contributing factors like inadequate supervision, crowding, and storage issues.Conclusion: This study revealed the second victim phenomenon among pharmacists, which potentially stems from breaches in practice standards. The impact on the quality and safety of pharmaceutical care and its influence on pharmacists' well-being should be studied in further studies.Peer-reviewed manuscript: [ https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5779
Further insights into antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Achillea millefolium herb methanol and dichloromethane extracts
No full textThe objective of this study was to investigate chemical composition, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of dried methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the flowering tops (herb) of yarrow, Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) collected from natural habitat in Serbia. This plant, predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, is widely used in folk medicine, but also as an important crop for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, primarily due to its appetite-stimulating, choleretic, gastroprotective, spasmolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, antioxidant and/or antimicrobial activities. GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of unsaponifiable fraction of dichloromethane extract showed that the most abundant compounds were α-amyrin, β-sitosterol, one taraxasterol isomer and β-amyrin. LC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed 28 phenolic compounds, predominantly caffeoylquinic acids, as well as apigenin and luteolin type flavonoids. Further, microdilution assay showed that both extracts possess moderate antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes (both MICs 1.25 mg mL−1) and Candida albicans (MICs 2.5 and 0.3125 mg mL−1, respectively). Investigation of the antibiofilm effects showed that methanol extract significantly inhibited biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes, but did not disrupt L. monocytogenes mature biofilm. Additionally, the reduction in L. monocytogenes motility was induced by methanol extract in dose dependent manner. Furthermore, MTT assay showed that cancer A549 and HCT 116 cell lines were more sensitive to the action of dichloromethane extract (both IC50 values 0.7 mg mL−1). Both extracts exhibited greater toxicity to cancer than to normal MRC-5 cells, as well as selective antimicrobial effect against L. monocytogenes and C. albicans. The results of bioactivity testing of chemically characterized A. millefolium extracts represent good basis for further investigations of this crop with the aim of widening its industrial application and justifying cultivation of the investigated yarrow population
Anatomical characterization of the aerial parts of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik (Brassicaceae)
No full textContemporary studies on the composition and biological activity of the aerial parts of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) support the traditional confidence in this medicinal plant, widely used in folk medicine, particularly for the treatment of various types of bleeding. Bursae pastoris herba is listed within Community herbal monographs of European medicines agency (EMA), but it is not official in any modern Pharmacopoeia. Due to the increasing interest in this species, commonly harvested from wild populations, there is a growing need for the evaluation of its pharmacognostic attributes as a medicinal raw material. The aim of this study was to contribute to the characterization of C. bursa-pastoris herb by conducting a comparative anatomical analysis of five samples collected from natural habitats in Serbia. Anatomical features of stems, leaves, and fruits were examined in detail. Among the most prominent microanatomical traits, potentially useful as diagnostic
markers of the herbal drug, are branched unicellular trichomes covered with warty
cuticular outgrowths on the surface of stems and leaves, a papillose epidermis of the
petals, and a striated endocarp of the silicle
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Coumarin–Triazole–Isatin Hybrids as Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors
No full textProbiotic Supplementation Improves Hematological Indices and Morphology of Red Blood Cells and Platelets in Obese Women: A Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study
No full textBackground/Objectives: The prevalence of obesity worldwide has rapidly increased. Numerous studies showed a beneficial effect of probiotics in obese individuals, and changes in hematological parameters are observed in obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a novel probiotic approach on the red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets. Methods: Twenty-five obese women participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled study and were divided into the experimental group (one capsule daily containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (DSM9843), Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, and 40 mg octacosanol; n = 13) and the placebo group (n = 12). Blood samples were collected for light microscopic examination, morphometric analysis, and an automated hematology analyzer. A possible relationship between hematological parameters and body mass index (BMI), a common indicator of obesity, was investigated using Spearman correlation. The plasma concentration of soluble P-selectin and fibrinogen were determined using an ELISA assay. All measurements were performed before (T0) and after 12 weeks of supplementation (T1). Results: The three-month supplementation of probiotics improved hemoglobin levels, chromic status, and red blood cell morphology. The mean platelet volume (MPV), a measure of platelet size, was restored to normal levels, platelet morphology was improved, and the number of activated platelets was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). A strong negative correlation (r = −0.5904, p < 0.05) was found between BMI and platelet distribution width (PDW), a measure of variation in platelet size and shape. Conclusions: The results show that the probiotic approach improves morphology and normalizes the values of disturbed hematological parameters of RBCs and platelets in obese women
Regulating the future of laboratory medicine: European regulatory landscape of AI-driven medical device software in laboratory medicine
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming laboratory medicine, impacting medical devices and healthcare practices. Despite these advancements, AI-based medical device software (MDSW) introduces a new layer of complexity in regulatory compliance. This paper outlines the regulatory landscape for MDSW and AI-driven MDSW, clarifying the responsibilities of laboratory professionals and manufacturers under the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR), ISO 15189:2022, and the Artificial Intelligence Act. An analysis of 89 MDSWs approved under the IVDR, derived from the European Database on Medical Devices (EUDAMED) reveals a diverse landscape of applications, ranging from digital pathology and molecular diagnostics to laboratory automation and clinical decision support. While Germany currently dominates the EU market for these devices, and the majority of approved MDSW remain non-AI driven and classified as low-risk, the increasing presence of AI-powered Class C devices underscores the growing potential of software in complex diagnostic scenarios. However, realizing the full potential of AI in laboratory medicine requires careful navigation of the evolving regulatory landscape. Key challenges persist, including defining intended use, ensuring robust clinical evidence, mitigating data bias, and establishing rigorous post-market surveillance. Balancing regulatory oversight with innovation is critical to fostering the development of trustworthy AI systems without stifling progress. As regulatory frameworks continue to evolve, establishing clear validation methodologies and transparent compliance pathways will be essential to unlocking the full potential of AI in laboratory medicine while ensuring the highest standards of safety and clinical effectiveness