International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
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Translation Mode of TCM Classic Nan Jing in the United States
Full text linkSince the outbreak of new coronavirus COVID-19 in 2019 and its evolution into a global disaster, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) helps thousands of people get out of the catastrophe. How to get access to TCM knowledge highlights the mission of translation. Nan Jing, one of four medical classics in China, has played a pivotal role in the medical development of TCM. On the basis of the five communication elements put forward by Harold Lasswell, a famous American sociologist and scholar of communication studies, the study takes Nan Jing’s English translation in the United States as the research object, analyzes the translation mode of Nan Jing from the perspectives of translation subjects, translation contents, translation channels, target readers and translation effects so as to provide some references for the English translation of TCM classics in western world and subsequently improve people’s awareness of disease treatment and prevention
Handicap and Disability: What is the Difference?
Full text linkIn mass media, there has been much news about people with special needs; however, the articles or broadcasts do not use appropriate diction. In Indonesia, the term handicap has been changed to disability since 2009 based on the humanity right perspective. The purpose of this research is to show the understanding about the concept of the terms: disability and handicap toward the people who rarely interact with disability. This research used qualitative approach. Referential and pragmatic identity methods were used for analyzing the data. The findings showed that the respondents did not understand the difference between the terms: disability and handicap. The perspective was still based on the cause of the impairment. It was a birth defect or an accident effec
Fog as a Symbol of Alienation in Both Physical and Psychological World in O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night
Full text linkEugene O’Neill is the father of modern American drama. His masterpiece Long Day’s Journey into Night is one of the most famous plays in English literature. It is a play about a twentieth-century family and the grueling realities it had to face. It is a semi-autobiographical play that concerns with the Tyrone family. There are four main characters in the play. The father and the mother and their two sons Jamie and Edmund. Apparently, the family seems to be a happy one but the harsh reality is that they are bind to each other not only by hope and love but also by guilt, anger, and their pasts. The story deals with the mother’s addiction to morphine, the father’s covetousness, the older brother’s self-indulgence, and the younger brother’s illness with tuberculosis. To depict the lack of communication among the family members, their isolation and attempt to hide the reality from each other and themselves, O’Neill uses fog as a metaphor. Fog illustrates obscurity, confusion, and frustration. The setting of the play is seaside Connecticut in Tyrone’s summerhouse, Monte Christo cottage, near a harbor. The fog is used to set the scene since the house is located near a harbor. But more important is the use of fog to symbolize the condition of the family and at the same time to parallel the family’s attempt to obscure reality. As the fog descends around Tyrone’s summer home another fog falls on the family within. The atmospheric changing conditions of the play correspond to the family’s change of attitude, from one of hope to one of despair. The fog is used also by O’Neill not only to symbolize a way to escape reality but to symbolize the inability of a man to see beyond what is apparently real
Evaluation of a Neo-Classical Language Teaching Method and Related Textbooks: A Case of ETP (English through Persian)
Full text linkETP (English through Persian) is a newly-proposed method of second language teaching based on Vygotsky’s sociocultural model of EFL teaching in the context of Iran which has focused on localization as well as the influential role of L1 in L2 learning. Rahimi and Izadpanah (2015), proposers of ETP method, developed ETP course books which were the first localized English book series for Persian speakers. The present study attempted to investigate both ETP method and the related books in order to distinguish whether it is appropriate enough to help Iranian EFL learners acquire English competence. To this end, four sessions of ETP classes, from different levels, were observed. In addition, four sessions were dedicated to semi-structured interview with a sample of three teachers as well as five learners. Finally, two books, ETP 1 & 2, were evaluated based on an eclectic checklist proposed by Yusuf Demir and Abdullah Ertaş (2014). The findings of the study demonstrated a paradox between the interviewees’ positive feedback and the results of the two textbooks’ evaluation. Although ETP, as a method, was supported by both students and teachers, textbook evaluations revealed that translation could only be helpful in some situations like clarifying complex grammar points and explaining new words. Moreover, ETP books needed more consideration and revision
The Use of Code Switching: A Case of Iraqi Students in University of Karabuk
Full text linkCode switching (CS) is considered as a widespread multifunctional phenomenon in bilinguals’ speech both formally and informally. CS is common among Arabic speakers because they usually use it when switching from English to Arabic in their utterances. Iraqi students are enlisted within this rule because they usually use English-Arabic CS. The current study aims at exploring the types of code-switching used in students’ daily life conversations in University of Karabuk and in dormitory setting and the reasons for using this code switching. These conversations are recorded and transcribed into written texts. Then, they are analysed by using Appel and Muysken’s (2005) classification of code-switching. Basing on the data input, the findings showed that the intra-sentential type is the most frequent type used in these conversations. Also, the findings showed that the reasons for codeswitching were primarily either to convey a message or to express gratitude. These results were congruent with Poplack’s (1980) hypothesis. The study contributes noticeably to the knowledge body of literature as highlighting the use of code switching in the Turkish city of Karabuk
Implicatures Used to Communicate Meanings in Sermons: A Study of Pentecostal Churches in Eldoret, Kenya
Full text linkImplicatures are taken to be the meanings that arise due to the flouting of any of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle. The maxims are flouted in order to communicate a meaning beyond the literal meaning of the words used. This paper examines the implicatures used to convey meanings in sermons from selected Pentecostal churches in Eldoret town, Kenya. The research assumed that preachers perform various speech acts but at times they do not get the desired response. It was guided by the Speech Acts theory and the Cooperative Principle. Data for the study was collected using camcorder video recording and participant observation. The data from the camcorder was transcribed word-for-word and then analysed at the level of speech acts and implicatures. The relevant texts were extracted from the selected sermons to illustrate the speech acts and implicatures identified. It was revealed that preachers flout the maxims in order to communicate implied meanings. Preachers use repetition of words and phrases to flout the quantity maxim. In this way, they are able to communicate and reinforce messages to their congregations. Preachers also flout the quality maxim to underscore some of the weaknesses of Christians that make them prone to mistakes or sin. They emphasize these implicatures by making references to examples of characters in the Bible who were not careful in their spiritual walk and who subsequently ended up in a bad place. The relevance maxim is flouted through reference to contextual information in order to strengthen the main message in the sermon. Lastly, the manner maxim is flouted through the use of obscurities in communication, which in themselves represent a lack of spiritual steadiness. It is recommended that the examination of implicatures should be replicated in other Christian denominations and other major world religions to illustrate the communicative strategies used in religious discourse
Translating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into Chichewa: A Quick Efficacy Assessment
Full text linkThis paper purposed to analyse the efficacy of the Chichewa version of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that the government of Malawi, through the Department of Information, recently produced. Language barrier remains one of the main reasons for the SDGs’ unpopularity among the majority of Africans. This leaves most Africans unengaged in the goals’ implementation process. Mindful of this, many African countries have embarked on projects to translate the SDGs into indigenous African languages. In Malawi, the SDGs were translated into the local languages in 2018. This study sought to conduct a quick review of the entire project to ascertain its effectiveness against the background that previous translations of various policy and other public documents are replete with substantial communicative flaws. How then was the project to translate the SDGs into Chichewa uniquely designed to ensure positive outcomes? What strategies did the translators use to ensure effective localisation of the SDG document given its international nature? To answer these and other key questions, the researchers collected data through Key Informant interviews and document analysis. The data was analysed within the framework of Farrahi Avval’s taxonomy of communication strategies. The study found that both linguistic and non-linguistic communication strategies were used in the translation. Both of these strategies were marred by serious shortcomings that have the potential to prevent effective communication from taking place. The study, thus, concludes that the information in the Chichewa version of the United Nations’ SDGs remains largely inaccessible to the illiterate and semiliterate Malawians
Reading Difficulties of Grade 5 Pupils in English
Full text linkThe main purpose of the study was to diagnose the reading difficulties of grade 5 pupils in English. The researchers made use of descriptive method to obtain the data on the reading difficulties, comprehension, and behavioral performance of the respondents. To gather the data, the researchers adopted the reading selections from Philippine Informal Reading Inventory as a tool in examining the reading level of the pupils. As for the respondents’ reading miscues and behavioral performance, a teacher-made questionnaire was used to determine the learning areas that require intervention. The findings of the study pointed out that grade 5 pupils had difficulties on word recognition and reading comprehension. They tend to mispronounce English words and their behavior affects their performance while reading. A proposed reading program was included in this study to provide a reading remediation to learners with reading difficulties. Alongside with this initiative, teachers may conduct drill lessons to monitor progress of the pupils on areas that need improvement. Teachers must also be aware on the common errors committed by the learners to be able to provide remedial instruction
On Archival Significance of Dialects in Literary Works
Full text linkThe study of dialects in literary works has always focus on the literary and linguistic significance, while the dialects used in literary works can also be of archival significance in cultural anthropology. From the perspective of archival science, this paper tries to illustrate the archival significance of dialects in literary works, and it concludes that dialects in literary works are of archival significance in that they provide evidence and information of social culture, supporting materials in researches of writers and effective historical materials and data in researches of regional and contemporary culture. This archival function of dialect used in literary works is of archival significance to Chinese history, literary history, folklore and anthropological research
Contribution of Multiple Intelligences to L2 Writing of EFL Learners
Full text linkThe present study was carried out to unveil the predictive power of multipleintelligences (MI) in accounting for different components of L2 writing. To do so, through an OPT, 120 intermediate EFL learners were selected. In one class session, the researcher gave McKenzie's (1999) MI questionnaire to the learners and asked them to fill out the questionnaire. In the subsequent session, the participants were asked to write an argumentative essay about a topic within 60 minutes. The learners' writings were scored from 1 to 4 based on each component of writing under question (i.e., content, organization, cohesion, vocabulary, grammar, spelling, and pronunciation). Finally, the learners' answers to the questionnaire were quantified and their performances on the writing test were scored by two raters (and the inter-rater reliability calculated through Pearson correlation equaled .86). Multivariate regression in AMOS (version 22) was used to analyze the data, and to show which types of MIs contributed more to different aspects of L2 writing. The results of this investigation showed that certain types of multipleintelligences affected certain components of the students’ writing. More precisely, it was unraveled that logical and musical intelligences contributed more to the relevance and adequacy of content; on the other hand, verbal, musical, and naturalistic intelligences bore effects on learners' writing organization; logical, existential, and verbal intelligences played a significant part in the learners' cohesion; logical and intrapersonal intelligences contributed more to the adequacy of vocabulary for purpose; musical, logical and intrapersonal intelligences could significantly account for the grammar of written productions; visual and kinesthetic intelligences were most effective in the punctuation components of L2 writings; finally, EFL learners' spelling was influenced by logical, musical, existential, and interpersonal intelligences. The results of the study bear significant implications for L2 writing researchers and teachers