International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
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Tutors’ Lesson Preparation in the Implementation of Integrated Literature at Public Primary Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya
Get PDFPreparation of lessons is an inevitable first step in a school teaching activity because it gives the teacher an opportunity to formulate lesson objectives. Subsequently, the teacher selects the content and determines the learning activities which will lead to the achievement of these objectives. In Kenya, English is taught as a second language. English is both a compulsory subject in primary and secondary schools and a language of instruction for all the other school subjects except Kiswahili at all levels of education in Kenya. It is therefore a prestigious language and students’ prowess in it is highly valued. For this reason, effectiveness on how it is taught is critical both for teachers and policy makers. Literature is used in English language classrooms as a resource for availing students with contextual backgrounds for studying English language. This also explains why it was introduced in Kenyan primary teacher training colleges in 2006 and integrated in English subject. Whereas many scholars in Kenya have researched on the other factors influencing students’ performance in English, very little has been mentioned about the influence of preparation of literature lessons particularly in teacher training colleges. The purpose of this study is therefore an attempt to fill this gap by investigating the tutor preparation of literature lessons at public Primary Teacher Training Colleges (PTTCs) in Kenya. Data for the study was collected by administration of questionnaires to teachers’ colleges tutors teaching literature, interview of English subject heads and observation of literature lessons. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage and presented in text. The study concluded that failure by college tutors teaching literature to prepare literature lessons well and prior to teaching bedevils integrated literature implementation. The study recommends regular in-service training of teachers’ colleges tutors teaching literature to enlighten them on the learning objectives of literature and equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills in the preparation of literature lessons. Further, the study recommends vibrancy and tutor-administrator collaboration in the monitoring of literature implementation in public PTTCs in Kenya
Translation Comparison about Manner and Path of Emanation Fictive Motions in Moment in Peking ——illustrated by Two Versions Translated by Zhenyu Zhang and Fei Yu
Get PDFFictive motion is a pattern of cognitive representation to describe the physically motionless phenomenon, which can depict the static scene more vividly. Based on Talmy’s motion event theory, this paper analyzes and compares the translation of the path and manner information from the perspective of emanation fictive motion in two versions of Moment in Peking. The results showed as follows: in regard to orientation path, Yu’s version is apt to omit vector morpheme of path, weakening the specific details of path, while Zhang is apt to add conformation in translation to emphasize spatial information; In regard to radiation path, Yu tends to open the medial and final windowing of attention to de-emphasize source of radiation. By comparison, Zhang tends to open initial and final windowing, and he often add the final windowing to stress environment because he adopts the perspective of thirdperson omniscient narration; In regard to shadow path, there is little difference between two versions since the phraseology of shadow is restricted; With respect to sensory path, both versions are inclined to convert [Motion+vector] into [motion+manner], and Zhang is prone to transform vector into conformation as orientation path
Resultative Constructions in Toba Batak Language
Get PDFThis study discusses the expression of resultative constructions meaning in Toba Batak Language. The data were taken from interview, daily conversation, utterances in ceremonies and TBL folklore. The findings of the study are: 1) TBL applied three phrase resultatives e.g., adjectival resultative (APs), prepositional resultative (PPs) and noun resultative (NPs) constructions; 2) There are two types of resultatives in TBL, they are: weak resultatives (APs and PPs) and strong resultatives (APs and NPs) are found in TBL; 3) The results are not placed in the end of clause; and 4) The result is formed from morphological verb MA- + verb for adjectival resultative, PP + adjective for the Prepositional resultative constructions and Ma-+verb+-an for noun resultative construction
Iranian Intellectuals and Class Conflict in Akbar Radi’s Melody of a Rainy City
Get PDFIn the plays of Akbar Radi, a prominent contemporary Iranian playwright, the concept of intellectual is of particular importance. Several of his dramas stage the intellectuals facing their internal and external problems, and the way in which they are understood in public. In his major play Melody of a Rainy City (2013), Radi represents Gramscian types of intellectuals, that is, traditional and organic, to re-consider them in Iranian context. His play staging the 1940s Iran under the occupation of Anglo-Soviet military forces deals with class warfare in Iranian society which finally resulted in the disappearance of feudalism and the development of bourgeois culture. Therefore, this study, by using social history of Iran and close reading of the text, explores intellectual discourse in Radi’s Melody of a Rainy City. The most important research finding is that Radi by uniting Gramscian intellectuals along with considering Iranian traditional background, aims to develop a new definition of domestic intellectuals seeking for effective participation in facilitating the development process, truly essential for implementation of modernization programs, in Iranian society
Assessment of Arabic-English translation produced by Google Translate
Get PDFThere have been very few research studies conducted on the assessment of Arabic-English translation produced by online Google Translate according to an extensive review of the literature available on this topic to date. The current qualitative study seeks to assess some samples of Arabic-English translation done by Google Translate and measure their accuracy against model translations of these samples provided by Dickins, Hervey and Higgins (2017) to determine if this translation method can be followed or not. The researcher collected the data (texts) from a book entitled Thinking Arabic Translation (Dickins, et al., 2017), fed them into Google Translate and conducted an error analysis to assess the quality of translation produced by Google Translate. The error analysis showed that Google Translate made lexical and syntactic errors which affected the quality of translation and caused the meaning of the translations to be unintelligible. The findings of the study revealed that Google Translate cannot be used as a valid translation tool for Arabic-English translation and that human interference is greatly needed to produce accurate and effective translation. Further research on the assessment of Google Translate in Arabic-English translation is recommended to either support the findings of this study or challenge them
The Perspective of Medical Communication on the Biomedical Model of Practice and Patient Centeredness: A Review of the Language of Medical Case Presentation Genre
Get PDFThis paper aimed to review studies offering the description of the language of
medical case presentation genre from the standpoint of medical communication
depicting the biomedical model of practice and patient centeredness. Evidential
studies were searched and retrieved from different sources i.e. “Google search”,
“Google scholar”, “Science Direct”, “Wiley Online Library”, “Pubmed”,
“SAGE journals”, and “Elsevier publishing” from September, 2014 to
September, 2017 using different key words search. First of all, the most
relevant studies were reviewed entirely in the review paper. Thereafter, the
criticism of patient centeredness on the biomedical model of practices which
hamper the ethical dimensions of a patient’s care was presented. The discussion
eventually established the more empowered role of patient in the healing
process. Besides, this critical review also offered adequate practical
implications of the biomedical model of practice based on the studies reviewed.
Overall, attempt has been made to unveil the debate of biomedical model of
practices and patient-centeredness in the medical communication.
Additionally, various communicative functions of the linguistic forms of
medical discourse were also reviewed in order to enrich the linguistic
knowledge of researchers in the fields of medical education and applied
linguistics. The researchers hope that this review paper would not only provide
a base line to better understand the debate of biomedical model of practice and
patient centeredness but also render the more implicit viewpoints of the medical
discourse community inherent in the language of medical case presentation
genre. In addition, it might tempt future researchers to come up with
measurable evidences reflecting adequacy and inadequacy of the dominant
biomedical model of practice and patient centeredness during the healing
processes of the disordered biology. Finally, it also offered an open question to
be solved whether medical pedagogy should inculcate the biomedical model of
practice, or should neutralize and/or substitute it with the one which may
empower patients
Ethics in a City “Too Busy to Hate”: Tom Wolfe’s A Man in Full
Get PDFTom Wolfe in A Man in Full (1998) addresses the racial, political, cultural, and economic issues of the 1990s. Setting the novel in Atlanta, one of the most important cities of the American South, Wolfe probes America's racial and political history decades after the Civil Rights Movement. In this article, we look into the relationship between the white upperclass, the black middleclass and underclass depicted in Wolfe’s novel before and after the black political empowerment through the lens of Emanuel Levinas’s theory of alterity and the ethics of sensibility. By weaving different subplots together, we argue, the novel seems to suggest that a combination of the ethics of sensibility − with its emphasis on responsibility for the Other − and the ethics of Stoicism − with its emphasis on self-respect and self-responsibility − could contribute to the formation of much more ethical and responsible citizens
A Comparative Study of Women’s Presence in the Poetry of Jalál al-Din Rûmi and Robert Browning
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of women in connection to men in the poetry of two great poets: one from the medieval times of the East and the other from the Victorian period of England. Rumi, the greatest Persian mystical poet, and Browning a preacher in the guise of a poet who used poetry to dispel the doubts and fears of his age. Mysticism laid stress on love for God along with piety and purity seeking to gain oneness with Him. The running message in what Browning wrote was the fact that human life was but a battleground for the progress or development of the soul to attain to God. Both of these poets are the product of their social crises. Rumi lives in the time of the invasions of the Mongols, while Browning lives in a time when the convictions are attacked from every corner. For Browning love is the ultimate experience in life as a vehicle for transcendence, while for Rumi, from love bitterness becomes sweet, from love copper becomes gold. Love is crystallized in the existence of women. For Rumi, woman is the matrix of creation; she is not just the earthly beloved, she is creative not created. Yet, in his “the King and the Handmaid”, the female character is objectified and possessed, representing the carnal self. Browning in his “Porphyria’s Lover” similarly objectifies and possesses his beloved by strangling her with her own yellow hair and thus transmutes divine love into capricious love, hate, and injustice. These poets praise women highly but they both stereotype woman as an object worthy of possession
Teaching Pedagogical Grammar in Context to Enrich English Language Learners’ Academic Writing
Get PDFStudies and research reveal that most English language learners (ELLs) encounter challenges when they write an academic paper in English due to lack of grammar. As most international universities require passing international tests as TOEFL, IELTS, GMAT, GRE, and other tests with high level, most international students fail to achieve this requirement. The reason, as some studies and research reveal, is attributed to lack of pedagogical grammar, namely in writing. Hence, this paper focuses on how to teach pedagogical grammar to help ELLs write effectively in academic situations. The paper is based on literature review and interviewing nine ELLs, regarding the challenges they encounter while writing in academic situations. The researcher has used qualitative research method to fulfill this study, trying to investigate about the challenges that ELLs encounter while writing in academic situations. This study is directed to explore whether teaching pedagogical grammar is helpful to enhance and enrich ELLs academic writing or not. Findings of this study show that ELLs encounter challenges in writing in academic contexts due to lack of grammar. The findings also show that lack of pedagogical grammar results in low level of grades and achievement in the four language skills, namely writing. This study also provides recommendations that might be used to further investigate and provide some strategies, regarding teaching pedagogical grammar in writing contexts to enhance ELLs academic writing
Code Switching: A Close Study of Translating English Linguistic Terms into Arabic
Get PDFTranslating linguistic terms has taken little concern from translation researchers and scholars. This research paper discusses the attempts made by senior students of the English department, University of Benghazi, at EL-Marj Campus when they translate linguistic terms (or names of their department courses). In order to examine their translations, the researcher hypothesizes that if English undergraduate students at Benghazi University learn certain strategies which they use as tools when translating the list of their courses and they are aware of the equivalence of some of these courses’ names, they will not find difficulties in translating these linguistic terms. To check this hypothesis and to achieve the aims of this study, translation test, questionnaire, and semi-structured interview are used as data collection in this study. A qualitative study is used to deal with twenty six senior students from the department of English, in the academic year 2018/2019. The results show that the students use code switching intentionally, as adding local color to when they speak. Others could not know their translation equivalents in the target, Arabic. Accordingly, they apply code switching in order to overcome their translation inability. The findings of the study also revealed that the most frequently used translation strategy is equivalence translation. This study will also be useful everywhere else