International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
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Criteria for Differing the Types of Auxiliary Verbs in Korean
Full text linkIn Korean linguistics, the study of auxiliary verbs, beginning with Chhve Hyon Be's study of traditional grammar in the 30s of the 20th century, is still the object of continuous research. This article focuses on the auxiliary verbs in Korean linguistics and the criteria for their differentiation. It examines the subordinate verbs' attachment to the leading verb, and the auxiliary verbs add meaning to the leading verb. The properties of auxiliary verbs are semantically and syntactically dependent on the leading verb, and have aspect and modal meanings. It also clarifies the relation of auxiliary verbs with related forms and the use of similar verbs together with the main verbs
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun: A Transmitted Trauma
Full text linkWar atrocities have always had dreadful consequences. The Psychoanalysis which focuses on the effects of war on the individual psyche, reveals that the outcome of what is called trauma lasts for a longtime and are transferable from an individual to another and even from a generation to another through some defined channels. Backing up on these channels and interviews granted by the authoress, this study shows that Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun is aftereffects of a transgenerational trauma experienced by her parents deriving from the tragic war of Biafra
Implication of Theories of Learning in Teaching Grammar in Libyan Schools
Full text linkIt is totally believed that any teaching method is successful when it is associated with other factors, amongst of which are teachers themselves and learners. Hence, this paper is directed to investigate about the implication of theories of learning on teaching. Yet, we should not ignore the role of linguistic theories in learning and teaching foreign languages. So, this paper presents some literature review regarding learning and the most prominent theories of learning. It is worth mentioning that linguistic theories have passed three interrelated stages, represented in traditional grammar, structuralism, and functionalism, which all led to emergence of new language teaching methods. So, this paper is directed in general to implication of theories of learning, specifically behaviorisms, cognitivism, constructivism, structuralism, and functionalism in teaching methods. This paper is focused mainly on teaching grammar in the Libyan settings. The paper concludes that as language is a social activity used for communication, teaching English in Libya should be directed to how to use language in communicative situations. So, the paper recommends functionalism theory of learning as a theory teacher use in teaching grammar in Libyan school
Syntactic Typology of Dayak Maanyan Language
Full text linkBasic sentence structure in the Indonesian language is subject and predicate (SP) and can be extended into some types of sentences. Also, the Dayak Maanyan language has a quite similar basic sentence structure, but some differences are indicated as its unique features in daily language. The basic sentence structure of the Dayak Maayan language is basically S-P. However, the structure becomes PS, as P is emphasized. This study deals with sentence structure in Dayak Maanyan language using a syntactic typology approach. It deployed a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis technique. The result shows that the typical sentence structure of the Dayak Maanyan language is S + P + (O) + (C) + (A). The subject precedes predicate (S-P), and also probably follows predicate (P-S). The predicate is usually reflected in verbs and adjectives. In the S-P and P-S structures, the predicate also commonly uses a noun, number, and prepositional phrase. The object is determined by types of the predicate and follows the predicate (P-O). The complement is located after the predicate since there is no object after the predicate. If there is an object, the complement is located after the object. The complement has an arbitrary characteristic, which possibly moves to any position. It reflects the meaning of place, time, manner, purpose, accompaniment, means, comparison, cause, and source
A Prolegomena to the Oron Tense System
Full text linkThere is no concurrence on the number of tense divisions in most tense analyses on Oron. Research in this area has recorded several dissimilar tense divisions ranging from three to nine. This paper re-assesses tense in general and its operation in Oron, a Lower Cross language (LCL) in Nigeria, in particular, using a descriptive framework. This is compared with what is already known of Ibibio, a sister language and English, Nigeria’s official language. The Oron-Ibibio data were elicited from native-speakers, using a pool of structured sentences and some world list, while the library served as a secondary source for the three languages. The ultimate phonetic forms of the past and future tense allomorphs in Oron are syntactically and discursively conditioned, in a way that hones the phonologysyntax interface. Available data and our analysis indicate that the present tense is not grammaticalized in Oron. The past and future are demonstrably marked, instead. Part of the significance of this paper, with regards to its original contribution rest in refuting the orthodox thesis that tense in Oron yields a ‘natural’ triadic (of past, present and future) or multifarious division (cf. Simmons 1956; Essien 1990, 1991, 2006; Okon 2006; Essien 1999; Udosen 2004; Akaduh 1984). While our binary postulation is impelling, it is by a large extent prefatory. Hence, we encourage more analysis in this direction and in Oron morpho-syntax in general. This could be more productive if considered from the viewpoint of linguistic time
EkeGusii, a Language without Consonantal Clusters?
Full text linkThe main objective of this study is to argue for the nonexistence of cluster of consonants in Bantu Phonology. Just like Morrison (2009) observes, the segmental status of Homorganic Nasal Consonant sequences has been a topic of debate in Bantu linguistics. While some linguists are of the opinion that these sequences are consonant clusters (Downing 2005 among others), others such as Morrison (2009), Hyman and Katamba (1990) view these sequences as single segments. In this paper, using data from EkeGusii, a Bantu language spoken in western Kenya and native speaker intuition, it is argued that Bantu languages do not allow any consonant clusters, concluding that these languages do not entertain consonant clusters of any kin
Translation Challenges from a Romance Language into a Bantu language: Exploring Cultural Aspects in Camara Laye’s L’Enfant Noir
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to report on the translation of Camara Laye’s novel “L’ enfant Noir ˮ, originally written in French. The researchers discussed the challenges involved in the translation with particular interest in cultural aspects that are typical of Guinean culture. Also discussed are some strategies which translators can use to solve to some extent culture-related problems while translating from a source into a target language for the national audience in general and for the young generations in particular. While the Latin aphorism goes that“ Traduttore, traditore!”, it was found that although translating from a Romance language into a Bantu language is so difficult mainly because they are two distant languages from two far different cultures, through translation one speech community know some cultural aspects from the source language context.
Oblivion of the Postmodern Human Being as a Pretext for their Ungratefulness
Full text linkThis paper aims at propounding oblivion as the real excuse for the ever-present suffering in oblivious human relations. Oblivion as selfishness intensifier is a move away from self-care which is going to be defined via David Foster Wallace’s narrative of Oblivion. Tracing the trajectory of phenomenological existentialism of Sartre and Heidegger as well as zen-like demeanor of Wallace will facilitate this study. The researchers are going to find the answer to this issue that how ‘self’ can neutralize the world malignancy with recourse to the therapeutic manner of literature? Human carelessness has direct relation with the quality of their soul weakness and can intensify weltschmerz. This study signifies that in human relations, oblivious humans throw their life drama on the other and this drama llama pressurizes even an authentic human to be surrounded by one’s own and other’s pseudo self. The circle of human relationship will be tainted with the dominant presence of humans with the syndrome of histrionic personality disorder whose soul craves for rebelliousness. Therefore, human beings must go through the requirement of a strong soul to experience the full appreciation of life with compliancy. Wallace intends that Weltschmerz of oblivion as the source and origin of dehumanization will control human destiny ad infinitum and will culminate in their deadly living which disables them of being neute
The Impact of Thatcher’s Economic Policy of Curbing the Mining Trade Union on the British Society of the Eighties as Represented in David Edgar’s That Summer (1987): A Critical Analysis in the light o
Full text linkTheatre plays a great role in understanding and analyzing history. The dramatization of the events taken place during a specific period of time enables the audience to make their own subjective interpretation of these events. Such dramatic portrayal offers a comprehensive vision of history offered by all categories of the society. Reading Margaret Thatcher’s era through studying theatrical works helps us to understand well that period of history. In fact, enhancing the British economic system is the most prominent feature of Thatcher’s era. One of the most controversial policies of Thatcher's economic programme was curbing the Mining Trade Unions’ power. The Thatcherite economic system excluded many groups such as the ethnic minorities, women, unemployed and the low-paid to participate in decision-making. From here emerged the idea of unfairness, struggle, and the government's prejudice against specific categories in the society which inevitably led to the social imbalance in the British society of that time. Thatcher was concerned with supporting the operation of the market economy by freeing up the supply of Labour, by restricting the collective rights of workers in trade unions and by curbing their political power. All these measures led to the damage of trade unions as they were no longer an effective political power. To explore how the economic policy of curbing the trade unions’ power affects the ordinary social life of the British society of the 80s, David Edgar’s play That Summer (1987) is analyzed in the light of the new historicist literary theory. Such critical reading of the play shows to what extent this policy is a failure by depicting the misery and suffering of the miners and their families. The playwright chooses to be by the side of the miners expressing the amount of oppression and marginalization they were exposed to as a result of saying "No" to Thatcher's unfair measures
Academic Needs Analysis: A Case of Iraqi University ESP Students
Full text linkEnglish for Specific Purposes (ESP) has been a distinct activity in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) since 1960s. The flowering period of ESP has been identified due to many incidents like the Second World War in 1945, the rapid scientific expansion, the growth of science and technology, the increased use of English as the international language of science, technology and business, the increased economic power of certain oil-rich countries and increased numbers of international students studying in English Speaking countries. Needs analysis is the key essence of ESP. The paper reviews the history and development of ESP, the notion of needs analysis in ESP setting and some important components of ESP needs analysis. This review of trends in the teaching of English for specific purposes (ESP) presents recent developments in ESP among Iraqi postgraduate students. The study showed that most of the studies conducted in the Iraqi context have focused on the design of syllabus and on the problems faced by teachers and students in studying ESP courses. Possible research directions for all three social turns of ESP are also suggeste