International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
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A Comparative Analysis of Boys’ and Girls’ Spelling Errors in Kiswahili Functional Writing in Secondary Schools in Kenya
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to establish whether or not there were gender specific spelling errors committed by boys and girls in Kiswahili functional writing. The study adopted a triangulation approach in its theoretical framework. As a result, three theories were used: Error Analysis by Corder, (1976), Interlanguage by Selinker, (1972) and Gender Social Role by Eagly, (1987). The study was carried out in Nyamira County, Kenya. The sample comprised 326 Form Four participants of equal gender distribution drawn from eight public secondary schools. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. The participants wrote a Kiswahili functional essay whereby spelling errors were identified and typified for comparison guided by proportion study criterion. The data for this study were analyzed qualitatively using measures of central tendencies that involved use of means, frequencies and percentages. The study revealed that there were no gender specific spelling errors. The finding would be central to curriculum developers in underscoring teaching of phonological awareness phonemic understanding, and phonics to both genders. The finding also necessitates mounting of remedial phonological information, phonemic awareness, and phonics for the boys using information and communication technology systems and appropriate gender destereotyping instructional methods to bridge gender spelling gaps. Finally, boys should be taught nonsense words with a view to improving their spelling ability
Islamic Teachers’ Perceptions of Using Questioning for Improving Saudi Secondary Students’ Schools Learning Engagement
Get PDFThe paper explores the Islamic teachers’ perceptions of using questioning for improving Saudi high students’ schools learning engagement. The research conducted with a total of 150 male students attending Saudi high schools. By using the mixed-method research approaches, the researcher will collect the study data by survey and observation. Findings revealed that questioning fosters a sense of student competences and provides students with autonomy support. Also, it establishes positive teacher-student relationships and improves students high-ordered thinking. However, questioning sometimes supports class disruptions. Finally, the study recommended investigating perceptions of teachers in other disciplines, such as language arts, social science, English, and math toward using questioning in the classroom setting. Moreover, it is essential to students the effect of questioning on students learning acquisition, and learning achievement in Saudi high-schools. This study is among the first to investigate, particularly, the Islamic teachers in enhancing Saudi Secondary School Students' Learning Engagement in the context of Arab countries
Grammatical Gender Effects on Cross-linguistic Categorization
Get PDFThis article examines the effect that the terms used to describe grammatical gender (e.g., “masculine”) and “feminine”) have on a speaker’s perception of how the marked lexical item may be classified. The overt classification can manifest itself in subconscious ways. For example, if shown a picture of a key and asked if it were in a cartoon if the voice would be a male or female, often speakers assign the voice based on how the noun is marked in their language: masculine in German and feminine in Spanish. Further study is needed working with bilingual speakers or gender-marking languages and studies are needed that control of level of proficiency to see if the same effect is present for second language learners regardless of if L1 marks grammatical gender or not. It is clear that there is a categorization bias for gendermarking languages, but further study is required to control for variables that could contribute to the phenomenon
Loss of Cultural Implication in Female Images in the English Translation of “Xiao笑”in Eileen Chang’s Novel
Get PDFThe description of “Xiao笑” is one of Eileen Chang’s writing techniques to display the personalities of her female characters. With a contextual analysis of “Xiao笑”, this paper studies the loss of cultural implication in English translation of “Xiao笑 ”in four novellas of Eileen Chang. It finds out that: (1) A variety of female image were conveyed with the expressions of“Xiao笑” in Eileen Chang’s works and that the top three high frequency phrases of “Xiao笑”in the selected four novels respectively means “taunt” “etiquette” and “flirting”, which manifest the selfishness indifference and conservation of female in Eileen Chang’s works and one of the themes in her works is the relationship between men and women, which conform to the original works.(2) There is cultural loss in the English translation of “smile/laughter” for “Xiao笑”,which weakened the cultivation of the female characters’ images of being the oppressed ones to show their flattery to the society in Eileen Chang’s novels. The findings can offer help to the translation of characters, especially the translation of “Xiao笑”in Chinese literary works to completely represent their images in original works
Ideological Cynicism: Post-Marxist Analysis of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice
Get PDFThe suffering of the Jews in Shakespeare’s time was not ideological in the classical Marxian definition (they do not know it, so they are doing it) but people’s attitudes towards the Jews underwent Zizek’s upgraded understanding, that of ideological cynicism (they know it, yet they are doing it). This new historical reading of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice proposes that antiSemitism, as a prevailing ideology, is multi-layered, because they do not believe in the Jews as proper sources of harm and threat, but as a minority who are easy to be blamed because of the society’s deteriorating factors. This paper depends on the post-Marxist theories of Slavoj Zizek, who proposes his theories depending on his Hegelian, Marxian, Freudian, and Lacanian readings. This topic is important to be further investigated because the majority of researchers neglect this cynical conditions in the ideology of the text. They take the ideology of the text seriously without looking beyond the borders of the text or intention of the writer. However, historical sources lack sufficient information concerning the cynical attitude of the people of the time towards the dominant ideology. This is reflected in the text. This paper compensated this lack with what is found in Shakespeares text regarding this issue. This paper seeks to find justifications to anti-Semitism ideology in Shakespeares text, which was falsely attached to the play.
KEYWORD
The Role of Interpreters’ Cultural Intelligence in Cross-cultural Encounters
No full textGiven the significance of cross-cultural encounters in interpretation, it seems that
a key factor that can improve interpretation is the level of interpreters’ cultural
intelligence (CQ) as it affects individuals’ functions in culturally diverse situations.
This study aimed at exploring the association of interpreters’ CQ and their
applied strategies to meet cross-cultural problems in the case of tour guide
interpretation in religious contexts. A mixed methods design was employed to
explore the cultural intelligence of 91 tour guide interpreters of Foreign Pilgrims’
Office of Imam Reza Holy Shrine, Mashhad, Iran. In the qualitative phase, the
researchers carried out interviews with these tour guide interpreters. In this
phase, the interpreters' cross-cultural problems and their strategies to tackle
these problems were explored and classified. In the quantitative phase, the
researchers administered the CQ questionnaire among the interpreters. The
findings of the quantitative phase showed that there is a significant relationship
between the interpreters’ CQ level and the strategies applied to tackle crosscultural problems in interpretation. Interpreters with higher levels of CQ showed
a stronger tendency towards elaborative strategies. On the contrary, lower levels
of CQ among interpreters resulted in more tendency to apply simple strategies
Introduction to Uzbek Literary Translation: Analysis, Interpretation and Discourse
Get PDFIn some academic and literary circles, there is a tendency to regard translation as an unserious or unimportant pursuit, compared to other spheres of scholarship, and the lack of literary translation acts as a cultural “iron curtain” around a country such as Uzbekistan. But in fact, literary translation is specific phenomenon which plays an important role in the spiritual and cultural development of the nation. Through literary translations, readers will be informed of certain nation’s culture, traditions, and most importantly, recognizes the representative of that country. Moreover, heterogeneous functions of literary translation, in the sense of ideological framework, lead to an essential importance in the social, political and cultural context, and translation was utilized for different purposes by different agents in the literary process in Uzbek literary discourse. In the following article I will study the problems of transporting culture, specific items in the translations done from Uzbek into English and I will give my own suggestions on conveying extra linguistic context in Uzbek translations which could be useful for the specialists, native speakers, translators working in this field. Besides, current article supplies readers with the details on "free translations" which played an important factor in encouraging soviet politics. The translation strategies and principles provided by the world translation theorists used for the research are also explained through the examples
The Mutability of Identity and Trans-Subjectivation in Jeanette Winterson’s Art and Lies
Get PDFThe present paper intends to closely analyze the character of Handel as a transsubject who evolves in the process of the novel of Jeanette Winterson, Art and Lies. His oscillation between a priest and a physician would be lime lighted through Catherine Malabou’s perspective of plasticity and trans-subjectivation. Hence, the character’s mutable stance in regarding his body as a cleric and a doctor would be spotlighted. Significantly, his encounter with a feminine body would be expounded as a path in which he faces the gap within the doctor character and the ecclesiastic one. The procedure of his treating a female body would serve as the rupture inside where he fluctuates between treating the womanly body as a man of God and a medical doctor. Moreover, the transition from destructive plasticity (trauma) to constructive self-realization would be illustrated as trans-subjectivityin Picasso. Demonstrating art as the catalyst which brings about the evolution of traumatic identity, the plasticity of art would be argued. Body as the realm in which I and the other encounter would be spotlighted and the role of other as the path to trans-subjectivation could be analyzed
Palestinian EFL Learners' Use of English Lexical Collocations
No full textThis study tries to make a comparative study between English and Arabic languages in terms of collocations. Also, the present study attempts to assess Palestinian students' comprehension and use of collocations. To this end, the theoretical part of this study presents a discussion of lexical collocations in Arabic and English. Moreover, the practical part is aimed to statistically measure the Palestinian EFL learners' ability to use English lexical collocations accurately. The participants were 35 third year students from Islamic University of Gaza. Semi-structured interviews a paper-andpencil test were used to collect data. The results show a low level of performance on the Palestinian EFL learners' part. Also, the findings revealed that the learners employ literal transfer from their mother tongue, and different strategies in order to compensate their deficiency in using the English lexical collocations. The paper concludes with some recommendations that could enhance the process of translation and as well as teaching/learning process
A Gender-Sex System that afrocentralizes the Issue of a Traditional Female identity. The Case in Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero and Nuruddin Farah’s From a Crooked Rib
Get PDFThis paper aims at spotlighting the process of dehumanization women are victim of in many African traditional societies. From Cairo to Mogadiscio, women are all by themselves and go through the after-effects of the social and sexual brutalities they are daily subjected to. Nawal El Saadawi and Nuruddin Farah, in Woman at Point Zero and From a Crooked Rib, have brought on surface the stark stratification organized in age-old societies to the detriment of women. Thus being, the paper analyses the physical mutilation, the sexual exploitation women suffer from both in Egypt and Somalia and the whacks they take to liberate themselves from the enslaving social cages in which they are confined. Its findings contribute in showing up the mute but decisive changes that operate among the female gentry in religions-oriented countries in Africa. It underlines as well the de-phallocratization of traditional systems that stiffen women’s strong aspirations to freedom