Universität Mannheim: MAJOURNALS
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393 research outputs found
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Stockfisch, Honig, Gänsefleisch und Safran: Studie zur Ernährung der Kirchheimer Nonnen nach dem Rechnungsbuch der Barbara von Speyer (1481-85)
Full text linkDas Rechnungsbuch der Schaffnerin Barbara von Speyer listet Einnahmen und Ausgaben des Dominikanerinnenkonvents St. Johannes Baptista in Kirchheim unter Teck für die Jahre 1481 bis 1485 auf. Neben Auskünften über die verschiedenen Handelspartner der Klosterfrauen wie Bauern, Winzer oder Handwerker, informiert die Quelle auch über Details, wie z.B. die Kosten für ein neues Fenster im Refektorium oder über den Lohn eines klösterlichen Fuhrunternehmers. Die Quelle ermöglicht Einblicke in den Alltag und die Wirtschaftsführung einer mittelalterlichen Lebensgemeinschaft von Frauen. Im hier vorgelegten Beitrag konzentrieren wir uns auf die Ausgaben für Lebensmittel, besonders für Fisch, Früchte, Fleisch oder Gewürze (fol. 75r bis 86v) und damit auf Fragen zur Ernährung, zu den Lebenshaltungskosten und zum Lebensstandard in einem schwäbischen Frauenkloster. The account book of Barbara of Speyer lists the income and expenses of the Dominican community St. Johannes Baptista in Kirchheim under Teck for the years 1481 to 1485. The source provides information about the community’s various trading partners, such as farmers, workers in the vineyards and craftsmen. The account book also gives other details, such as the costs of a new window in the refectory and the wages of a monastic carter. Furthermore, the source provides insights into the everyday life and economy of a medieval community of women. This paper focuses on the expenditures for food, especially for fish, fruits, meat and spices (fol. 75r to 86v) and thus on questions concerning nu-trition, the cost of living and the standard of living in a Swabian women\u27s monastery. 
Überlegungen zu Krieg und Konflikt im Brettspiel
Full text linkEinleitende Überlegungen zu Krieg und Konflikt im Brettspiel
New Methodical Findings on D-Efficient Factorial Survey Designs: Impacts of Design Resolution on Aliasing and Sample Size
Full text linkIn empirical surveys, finding a sufficient number of respondents can be challenging. For factorial survey experiments, drawing a vignette-sample (“fraction”) from a vignette-universe can reduce the minimum number of respondents required. Vignette-samples can be drawn by applying D-efficient designs. Theoretically, D-efficient resolution V designs are ideal. Due to reasons of practicability, however, resolution IV designs have usually been applied in empirical social research and are considered to be sufficient when it is clear up front, which two-way interactions are likely to have an effect. Against this backdrop, this article focusses on two research questions: (1) In resolution IV designs, are those two-way interactions that are not orthogonalized truly not aliased with any main effects? (2) How does design resolution affect the minimum size of the vignette-sample that is necessary for achieving an adequate level of D-efficiency? These questions are examined by applying SAS-macros for computing D-efficient samples, pre-construction assessment and post-construction evaluation. The resulting aliasing structures indicate a discrepancy between previous definitions of design resolutions and the aliasing structures of designs resulting from the SAS-macros. Additionally, they suggest taking a second look at the assumption that higher resolutions or larger vignette universes will always necessitate designs with larger vignette-samples (and thus larger sets or more respondents)
Fear of the Dark? A Systematic Comparison of Written Vignettes and Photo Vignettes in a Factorial Survey Experiment on Fear of Crime
Full text linkMeasuring attitudes with vignettes is frequently based on the assumption that the presented context information facilitates a better imagination of topics under study, serving for more valid responses as compared to more usual questionnaire methods. In this study, we focus on the presentation format of vignettes and assume that, in particular, the presentation of photo vignettes facilitates a close context approximation, hereby taking fear of crime from the perspective of broken windows theory as an example of use. A split ballot experiment within the framework of a cross-sectional online survey introduced a variation of the presentation format of a factorial survey experiment and allowed for measuring the difference between using either written vignettes or photo vignettes. While the split ballot experiment used a between-subjects design, each factorial survey experiment used a within-subjects design. The reported level of feelings of unsafety serves as a measure of fear of crime. Results show that, first, all dimensions of the factorial surveys predicted the respective level of fear of crime in both presentation formats, in the direction expected by broken windows theory. Measurement error seems slightly reduced within written vignettes. Second, presentation format-specific differences were observed for dimensions representing physical features of the setting, such as darkness, only, thereby slightly favouring photo vignettes. We finally discuss methodological implications of these results
Brigada 1936: Guerra en España: Zwischen didaktischem Anspruch und Reproduktion von Mythen über den Spanischen Bürgerkrieg.
Full text linkDas Brettspiel Brigada 1936: Guerra de España hat zum selbsterklärten Ziel, die militär-strategischen Aspekte des Spanischen Bürgerkriegs auf spielerische Weise einem möglichst breiten Publikum zu vermitteln. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag insbesondere mit Blick auf Designelemente, Spielmechanik und exemplarische Spielerfahrungen, welche Diskurse das Spiel (sei es bewusst oder unbewusst) aufruft und wie dadurch potenziell Denk- und Handlungsprozesse seitens der Spieler:innen angestoßen werden können. Als übergeordnete Leitfrage gilt dabei, inwiefern Sachlichkeit und Mythisierung in der Darstellung und Vermittlung eines Konflikts, der aufgrund seiner Nachwehen die spanische Öffentlichkeit bis heute nachhaltig prägt, in Konkurrenz stehen
The Past, Present and Future of Factorial Survey Experiments: A Review for the Social Sciences
Full text linkFactorial survey experiments (FSEs) are increasingly used in the social sciences. This paper provides a review about the use of FSEs and aims to answer three research questions. (1) How has this specific research field developed over time? (2) Which methodological advances have been made in FSE research and to what degree are they applied in empirical studies? (3) Which questions remain unresolved and should be addressed in future research? Using the Web of Science and Scopus databases, we conducted a literature review of FSEs published between 1982 and 2018. Our findings show that the field is developing quickly and that FSEs are becoming increasingly accepted in different research areas. Thereby, FSEs are being widely used not only to study attitudes, but also to explore the determinants of behaviour. Most research applies state-of-the-art techniques in terms of statistical analysis; however, to a lesser extent, studies rely on more sophisticated sampling procedures to draw samples from a large vignette universe. Finally, several methodological questions remain unresolved concerning the realism and complexity of vignettes, social desirability, and the predictive validity of FSEs regarding behaviour due to their hypothetical nature. Against this background, we call for more methodological research to assess the general applicability of FSEs for different research areas. Further, our review suggests the need for better documentation and reporting standards to evaluate methodological aspects of FSEs
Do Web and Telephone Produce the Same Number of Changes and Events in a Panel Survey?
Full text linkMeasuring change over time is one of the main purposes of longitudinal surveys. With an increase in the use of web as a mode of data collection it is important to assess whether the web mode differs from other modes with respect to the number of changes and events that are captured. We examine whether telephone and web data collection modes are comparable with respect to measuring changes over time or experiencing events. Using experimental data from a two-wave pilot of the Swiss Household Panel, we investigate this question for several variables in the domain of work and family. We find differences for the work-related variables, with web respondents more likely to report changes. These differences do not disappear once the socio-demographic composition of the sample is taken into consideration. This suggests that these differences are not driven by observed different characteristics of the respondents who may have self-selected into one or the other mode. Contrary to work-related variables, a termination of a relationship was more common in the telephone group. This shows that one mode does not necessarily measure more change or events than another; it may depend on the variable in question. In addition, the difference in the protocol mattered: a web respondent in a household that participated fully by web sometimes differed from a web respondent in a household that had a household interview by phone. Nonetheless, the telephone group differed more from the various web protocols that the web protocols among themselves. With more household panel surveys introducing web questionnaires in combination with more traditional face-to-face and telephone interviews, this study adds to our understanding of the potential consequences of mixing modes with respect to longitudinal data analysis
A Wargame between Militarism and Culture? Der Peloponnesische Krieg in Polis – Machtkampf um die Vorherrschaft
No full textDer Peloponnesische Krieg ist einer der bedeutendsten Kriege der griechischen Antike und hat zu grundlegenden Veränderungen der damaligen Gesellschaft geführt. Dabei sind nicht nur zahlreiche Schlachten und verschiedene Kriegstaktiken hervorzuheben, sondern auch kulturelle und politische Entwicklungen zu der Zeit. Als bedeutendes Ereignis hat der Krieg auch Einzug in diemoderne Populärkultur gehalten. Das Brettspiel Polis - Machtkampf um die Vorherrschaft bedient sich dieser Zeit als Setting. Dabei ist das Spiel bei BoardGameGeek als Wargame gelistet, stellt aber auch die kulturelle Blüte und die Versorgung der Bevölkerung in den Vordergrund. Die Illustrationen sind von antiken Vorbildern inspiriert, um eine authentische und immersive Atmosphäre des klassischen Griechenlands im 5. Jh. zu erschaffen. Das Spiel ist asymmetrisch aufgebaut und trotz zahlreicher historischer Bezüge besteht die Möglichkeit, dass es sich kontrafaktisch entwickelt. Wie genau der Peloponnesische Krieg in dem Spiel thematisiert und wie dies aufgefasst wird, zeigt dieser Aufsatz auf