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Investigation on characterization of different types of coals and preparation of coal-derived activated carbon
Get PDFActivated carbon consumption is continuously increasing because of their application in such important areas as waste and drinkable water treatment, atmospheric pollution control, hazardous gas separation, cleaning of solvents, etc. Every year, Mongolia imports 700-800 tons of activated carbons for 700-900 USD per ton. We have selected 3 different types of coal, including a high ranking bituminous coal from Tavantolgoi deposit, stone sub-bituminous coal from Shariin Gol mine and brown lignite coal from Baganuur deposit and they were each enriched with heavy liquid, such as zinkum chlorade solution and processed by semicoking (carbonization) method to produce the main raw material for coal-derived active carbon. Using these carbonized coals, we have obtained coal-derived activeted carbon by activation with preheated water steam for 120 minutes. The most important technical properties of initial coal samples and activated carbons and their microporous properties, such as iodine number in percentage, methylene blue adsorption mg/g and surface area (BET)-m2/g were determined and characterized. The determined iodine number of activated carbon of purified and carbonized coals increased by 5-17 times and methylene blue adsorptions also increased from 4 to 10 times as compared to pyrolysis hard residue of initial coal samples without purification and activation. Basing on this, we are proposing a thecnological scheme for the production of coal-derived activated carbon
Antibacterial and photocatalytic effects of newly synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from Mongolian honey
Get PDFDevelopment of bio-compatible, bio-safe and environmentally friendly nanoparticles is a matter of urgency for research in the field of nanotechnology. In this study, we aimed to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles from Mongolian honey as raw material and to determine its biological activities. Honey-based zinc oxide nanoparticles were obtained by green synthesis method, and their characteristics and biological activities were evaluated. Developed zinc oxide nanoparticles from Khentii honey and Selenge honey were at a size of 16.02 nm and 95.23 nm, respectively. A characteristic band of Khentii honey-based zinc oxide nanoparticles was observed at 466 cm–1 and a band of Selenge honey-based zinc oxide nanoparticles was also observed at 434 cm–1. Antibacterial and photocatalytic effects were detected for the developed nanoparticles. The study suggested that newly synthesized honey-based zinc oxide nanoparticles might be an effective tool against bacterial infection
Hepatoprotective Effect of Silymarin Peptide on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice
Get PDFObjective: Liver diseases and injuries are significant global health concerns; in particular, acute liver injury (ALI) is a prominent cause of liver diseases and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The application of natural products in preventing and treating liver diseases is considerable. Silymarin and silymarin peptides derive from the Milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Still, they differ in their composition and effects: Silymarin is a complex mixture of flavonoids, primarily made up of silybinin, silybinin, and silychristin. Silymarin is well-known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. It is often a dietary supplement to support liver health. Silymarin Peptide refers to specific peptides derived from silymarin. These peptides have more enhanced bioavailability and activity of effect compared to the whole silymarin compound. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of silymarin peptide on acute liver injury (ALI) in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) compared withSilymarin. Methods: Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=8 per group): Control group: regular saline+olive oil, Negative control group: 10% CCl4 solution (10 μl/g), Treatment group 1: CCl4+50 mg/kg silymarin peptide, Treatment group 2: CCl4+100 mg/kg silymarin peptide, Treatment group 3: CCl4+200 mg/kg silymarin peptide, and Positive control group: CCl4+100 mg/kg silymarin. The treatment of silymarin was used as a positive control. At the end of the experiments, mice were euthanized, and the blood and liver samples were collected. Results: The results showed that silymarin peptide ameliorated the histopathological damage of liver tissues caused by CCl4 and decreased the CCl4-induced serum AST and ALT levels, among which the 200 mg/kg dose demonstrated the most notable protective effect. Additionally, silymarin peptide showed no significant influence on CCL2 levels but markedly reduced TNF-α and CXCL5 levels, with the most apparent impact at 100 mg/kg. Finally, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining indicated that the 200 mg/kg dose of silymarin peptide restrained CCl4-induced hepatocytic apoptosis. Conclusion: Silymarin peptide alleviated CCl4-induced ALI in mice byinhibiting inflammatory cytokines release and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis
A Study of Folk Dance Learning by University Students
Get PDFIn the folk dance traditions of every country in the world, there is a dance language and artistic expressions that express the characteristics of the nation. Dance is expressed through emotional movement using dance techniques. University dance teaching methods have a great impact on the quality and level of dance education. The article will present the results of an experimental study of a method of supporting students\u27 folk dance learning. A total of 60 students studying dance at the Hulunbuir University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, and the School of Dance Arts of the Mongolian State University of Music and Drama of the 1st and 2nd year of the dance teacher\u27s class participated in our experiment. The performance of students in folk dance was evaluated within 5 criteria and the results were calculated, and the performance of students in folk dance improved by 1-2 levels. When the results of the pilot study were analysed using a T-test, the results of the evaluation of students\u27 folk-dance performance showed that the students\u27 knowledge of dance (p = 0.001, t = 28.926), dance elements (p =0.001, t = 24.523), analysis and interpretation (p = 0.05, t = 19.467), understanding of dance (p = 0.001, t = 29.712), and dance composition and improvisation (p = 0.001, t = 19.827) were statistically significant
Characteristics and properties of soil reaction (pH) of Mongolian forest
No full textThis study aimed to identify the soil pH of forests distributed across Mongolia and determine the types of forest soil and their corresponding reaction environments at different depths. The study was based on 1558 samples collected from 301 profiles of forest soil, in which data were collected in Mongolia before 2024. The primary forest soil types found in Mongolia included Umbrisols (Gelic), Leptic umbrisols, Podzols, Mollic Umbrisols, Gleyic Umbrisols, Podzols (Arenic), and fluvisols. The Tukey test was employed to analyze differences in forest soil pH between soil types. Also, the study was carried out to detect soil pH content in both the upper and lower layers of forest soil, as well as within the genetic layers of each soil type. Forest soil pH in Mongolia ranged from 3.50 to 8.55, with an average of 6.39, indicating a weak acidic. The results of Tukey\u27s test revealed significant differences in soil reaction across forest soil types (p < 0.05). Podzols were found to be the most acidic (pH=4.9), while the podzols (arenic) were the more neutral (pH=6.96). The upper soil layer, the O organic layer, was more acidic (pH 6.0), and the soil became progressively more alkaline (pH 7.32) with decreasing depth. Regarding the geographical distribution of the soil pH, the analysis revealed that an average pH ranged between 7.51-8.09 in many forest soil locations on the western side of Khuvsgul Lake and the Darhad depression. This indicated that certain forests and trees thrive in highly alkaline soil pH compared to soil pH conditions in other forests.
Монгол орны ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчин (pH)-ы шинж чанар ба онцлог
Монгол орны хөрсний судалгаануудад ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчны тухай дурдагдсан байдаг боловч хөрсний хэв шинжээр нь урвалын орчныг харьцуулан судалсан судалгааны ажлууд дутмаг байна. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь Хангай, Хэнтий, Хөвсгөлийн уулсын ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчны онцлог шинж чанар, ялгаатай байдлыг судлахыг зорьсон. Монгол оронд 2024 оноос өмнө хийгдэж байсан ойн хөрсний 301 зүсэлтийн 1558 ширхэг дээжийн дүн мэдээллийг ашиглав. Хөрсний урвалын орчныг хөрс усны 1:2.5 харьцаагаар Thermo scientific Orion 5 star багаж ашиглаж тодорхойлсон. Монгол орны ойд Тайгын цэвдэг, Тайгын ширэгт, Чандруулаг, Ойн бараан, Нугархаг ойн бараан, Сул чандруулаг элсэн, Татмын ойн зэрэг хэв шинжийн хөрс голчлон тархсан байдаг. Эдгээр хөрсний хэв шинж бүрийн урвалын орчныг хооронд нь харьцуулах аргаар энэхүү судалгааны үр дүнг боловсруулав. Мөн хөрсний дээд (topsoil) үе давхарга дахь урвалын орчныг доод (subsoil) үе давхарга дахь урвалын орчны агууламжтай харьцуулахаас гадна хөрсний генетик үе давхаргууд дах урвалын орчныг судалсан. R studio Тукей (Tukey) тест ашиглан ойн хөрсний хэв шинж, төрөл хооронд урвалын орчин ялгаатай эсэхийг шалгасан. Монгол орны ойн хөрсний урвалын орчин 3.50-8.55 хооронд байх бөгөөд дунджаар 6.39 буюу сул хүчиллэг шинж чанартай байна. Тукей тестийн үр дүнгээр хөрсний урвалын орчин ойн хэв шинж бүрд ялгаатай байсан (p < 0.05). Тайгын чандруулаг хөрс хамгийн хүчиллэг буюу pH=4.9 байхад Нарсан ойн сул чандруулаг элсэн хөрс хамгийн шүлтлэг буюу pH= 6.96 байна. Хөрсний дээд үе давхарга буюу О органик үе давхаргад илүү хүчиллэг (pH 6.0) байх бөгөөд доошлох тусам ойн хөрс илүү шүлтлэг (pH 7.32) шинж чанартай болж байна. Газарзүйн тархалтаар ойн хөрсний урвалын орчныг харахад Хөвсгөл нуурын баруун тал, дархадын хотгор орчмын ойн хөрсний урвалын орчин (pH) дунджаар 7.51-8.09 байна. Энэ нь бусад ойн хөрсний урвалын орчинтой харьцуулахад маш шүлтлэг бөгөөд Монгол орны зарим ой, мод илүү шүлтлэг орчинд ургадаг онцлогтойг харуулж байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: Хөрсний урвалын орчин, pH, Ойн хөрс, Хөрс, Хангай, Хэнтий, Хөвсгөл, Монго
The human and fatness earth: (psychological essay)
No full textThe fatness of the earth that the human mind has to do with it and thus the problem of the analysis of the human mind is now developed in an important way. Consequently, it aims to consider and explain the problem of internal communication of the mind with regard to nature.
Хүн ба шим ертөнц (сэтгэл зүйн эсээ)
Хураангуй:
Шим Ертөнц, түүнд Хүн агаад хүний сэтгэл санаа холбогдох, үүний учир хүн сэтгэл санаагаа шинжихүйн асуудал өнөө цагт чухал утгатайгаар дэвшин гарч байна. Тиймээс сэтгэл санааны дотоод хэлхээ холбооны асуудлыг амьд байгальтай хамааруулан авч үзэж тайлбарлахыг зорилоо.
Tүлхүүр үгс: хүн, шим ертөнц, сэтгэл сана
Pastoral farming strategies and management adapted to climate change
No full textMongolia is one of the most sensitive and vulnerable countries to climate change, and the average air temperature has increased by 2.1℃ in the last 70 years. Also, the fact that climate change is negatively affecting not only natural ecosystems, but also major social and economic sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and farming indicates the need for immediate and urgent measures. In this paper, the impact of adaptation opportunities to climate change is calculated by cost-benefit analysis, where and when it is appropriate to implement it was calculated by AHP method (Analytic Hierarch Process), and social, economic and environmental effects are calculated by system dynamics modeling. In this research work, it is possible to predict the results of adaptation measures to climate change using the method of dynamic system modeling on the example of Sukhbaatar Province, and the main feature is that the method of system dynamic modeling was used in combination with cost-benefit analysis and multi-factor analysis
On Translation of English Synonymous Terms into Mongolian (With Examples of Standardized Terms)
Get PDFThe study utilizes a corpus of 10,387 terms and definitions from 85 standards developed by the Institute of Language and Literature at the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS) in collaboration with the Office of the National Council for Language Policy. There are 50 instances where two or more synonymous English terms are translated into a single term in Mongolian. These instances can be illustrated with examples and suggestions for correcting errors. Of these 50 cases, 30 involve cases where multiple English terms are translated as one term in Mongolian within a specific subject field or standard.Using incorrect or imprecise terminology can lead to misunderstandings regarding new knowledge, products, and services intended for consumers, which can ultimately result in unnecessary economic costs. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly review and update terminology standards to correct any inaccuracies.
Англи хэлний ойролцоо утгатай нэр томьёог монгол хэлнээ оноох асуудалд (Стандартчилсан нэр томьёоны жишээгээр)
Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгаанд ШУА-ийн Хэл зохиолын хүрээлэнгийн Хэрэглээний хэл шинжлэлийн салбар болон Хэлний бодлогын үндэсний зөвлөлийн Ажлын албаны хамтран бүрдүүлсэн 85 стандартын 10387 нэр томьёо, тодорхойлолт бүхий хөмрөгийг хэрэглэгдэхүүн болгон ашигласан болно. Дээрх хөмрөгөөс англи нэр томьёо бүхий 32 стандартад англи хэлний хоёр ба түүнээс дээш нэр томьёог монгол хэлнээ нэг нэр томьёогоор оноосон 50 тохиолдол байна. Тэдгээрийг жишээ баримтаар баяжуулан тайлбарлаж, алдааг хэрхэн засаж залруулах талаар өөрийн саналыг дэвшүүлсэн болно. Дээрх 50 тохиолдлоос салбар дотор буюу нэг стандартад англи хэлний хоёр ба түүнээс дээш ойролцоо нэр томьёог монгол хэлэнд нэг нэр томьёогоор оноосон 30 тохиолдол байна. Стандарт, тэр дундаа нэр томьёоны стандарт цэгцрээгүй байх нь ухагдахууныг төөрөгдөл үүсгэх сөрөг талтай. Буруу оноосон, оновчгүй нэр томьёог стандартчилснаар хэрэглэгчдэд шинэ мэдлэг, бүтээгдэхүүн үйлчилгээний талаар буруу ташаа ойлголт өгч, аливаа салбарт үл ойлголцол үүсэх, түүнээс үүдсэн эдийн засгийн үр ашиггүй зардал бий болох шалтгаан болдог. Тиймээс нэр томьёоны стандартуудыг нарийвчлан судалж, шаардлага хангахгүй, буруу оноосон нэр томьёог засаж, сайжруулан стандартыг шинэчлэх зайлшгүй шаардлагатай байна.
Түлхүүр үг: стандартчилсан нэр томьёо, ойролцоо нэр томьёо, орчуулга, ухагдахуун, хам бичвэр, үүрэ
An Analytical Study on the Comprehensive Concept of Argal in the Mongolian Language
Get PDFThis article explores the concept of arγal, one of the main concepts in Mongolian culture and linguistics, from the perspective of spatial meaning. In addition to reflecting the culture of a particular time, words and phrases are also connected to spatial meaning. The geographical environment plays a significant role in shaping the development of word and phrase characteristics. As a cultural phenomenon, language is influenced by spatial factors. This is because language users are always situated within a specific geographic space, and the culture of that space affects their thoughts, consciousness, and so on. Consequently, the cultural understanding of a space shapes the vocabulary system, grammatical rules, phonetic patterns, and artistic representational techniques that are unique to that language. Furthermore, this article examines the formation of language and cultural systems within these spatial contexts.
Монгол хэлний “аргал” хэмээх цогц ойлголтод хийсэн ажиглалт
Хураангуй: Тус өгүүлэлд “Аргал” хэмээх цогц ойлголтыг соёл, хэл шинжлэлийн үндсэн ойлгогдохууны нэг болох орон зайн утга илтгэх талаас ажиглав. Үг хэл нь цаг хугацааны соёлыг илэрхийлээд зогсохгүй орон зайн утгаас ангид зүйл биш юм. Газар зүйн орчин тойрон нь үг хэлний онцлог буй болоход чухал нөлөө үзүүлдэг. Соёлын үзэгдэл болохын хувьд хэл нь орон зайнаас ангид зүйл биш юм. Учир нь хэлний үйл ажиллагаа эрхэлдэг субъект нь газар зүйн тодорхой орон зайн бүтцэд ямагт оршдог бөгөөд энэхүү орон зайн соёл нь хэлээр харилцагч ард түмний бодол санаа, ухамсар гэх мэтэд нөлөөлдөг байна. Тиймээс энэхүү орон зайн соёлын талаарх ойлголт нь тухайн хэлэнд өвөрмөц үгсийн сангийн систем, хэл зүйн дүрэм, дуудлагын хэв ёс, уран сайхнаар дүрслэх арга ухааныг бий болгодог. Улмаар газар зүй, орон зайн хүрээнд хэл, соёлын тогтолцоо бий болдог тухай энэ өгүүлэлд авч үзнэ.
Түлхүүр үг: Аргал, цогц ойлголт, газар зүй, орон зай, зүйр цэцэн үг, хэл соёл