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Commuting patterns and teachers\u27 disposition to work in public secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria
No full textThe problem of shuttling in densely sophisticated cities such as Lagos is of serious worry to various educational stakeholders. This is also due to the fact that commuting habits bring about the consequential effect on the professionalism as well as the accomplishment of tasks by teachers. As such, the current paper has engaged in analysing the commuting behaviour among teachers, as well as their attitude towards duty in public secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was meant to achieve three goals, answer two research questions, and test one hypothesis at 0.05 significance level. Utilising a descriptive survey research design, the research involved a total of 5,200 teachers who were sampled in all 78 secondary schools in the public sector. The empirical part of the study utilised a sample size of 300 teachers in 30 random schools. The data collection was performed through a self-administered, validated, reliable and structured questionnaire, titled Commuting Pattern and Teachers\u27 Work Disposition Questionnaire (CPTWDQ) (r=0.96), which consisted of three parts. To answer the research questions, descriptive statistics were utilised, and multiple regression was used to test the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of confidence. The results found that most of the teachers travelled a distance of 21 kilometres or above; their attitude towards work was moderately average; commuting time and method of transport significantly influenced work disposition, whereas commuting distance did not have a significant influence. One of the recommendations called for governments to focus on the improvement of the public transportation systems and road network, especially in the urban and semi-urban areas where the challenge of commuting is most felt. Schools also ought to observe the introduction of flexible work schedules to teachers, particularly those with long commuting distances or to traffic-congested locations, thus eliminating the negative effect of commuting time
Epistemic beliefs in biology among biology-major university students and high school pupils in Mongolia
No full textOver the past two decades, a large number of studies have explored students’ discipline-specific epistemic beliefs (including biology), a term broadly defined as learners’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing. In current study, we initially examined the level of epistemic beliefs in biology of biology-majoring university students and high school students of Mongolia. We surveyed four main universities of Mongolia and five public high schools with previously developed questionnaire. A total of 588 participants consisted of 388 high school students and 200 university students were examined. The epistemic beliefs in biology questionnaire consists of four factors, Source, Certainty, Development, and Justification. In addition, we used participants’ gender, studying level, and interested in biology as our variables. We evaluated influences of these variables on students’ epistemic beliefs in biology in this study. We used student’s t-test to compare the means of two groups (e.g., gender, level etc.). Findings from this study suggested that biology-majoring university students tended to have more mature views of epistemic beliefs regarding biology than that high school students had (mean scores: university student was 5.44 and high school student was 4.90; t = 9.52; P > 0.001). Furthermore, there were no differences between university students’ epistemic beliefs in terms of all variables (only male students have more mature view on certainty of biological knowledge). Whereas, the high school students’ gender, studying level and interested in biology were influenced on their view of epistemic beliefs. For instance, the lower-grade students (9th and 10th) have more mature epistemic beliefs regarding biology than higher-grade students (11th and 12th). In conclusion, low level or less mature overall epistemic beliefs in biology for high school students may be linked with the lack of engaging experimental activities and shortage of equipped laboratory resources in the majority part of Mongolian public schools
The effect of tree species on soil organic carbon stock in Mongolian forest
No full textForest ecosystems in Mongolia play a critical role in storing soil organic carbon (SOC), a key component in mitigating climate change. However, little is known about how SOC stocks vary with dominant tree species in these forests. This study investigates the impact of tree species on SOC stocks in Mongolia’s boreal forests, focusing on four commonly found species: Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, and Betula platyphylla. Data were compiled from 885 soil samples across 177 soil profiles, representing diverse forest ecosystems. SOC stocks were standardized to two depth intervals (0–30 cm and 30–60 cm) using a weighted averaging method. Statistical analyses, including as ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were conducted to determine species-level differences and the influence of environmental factors. Results show significant variation in SOC stocks among species (F = 8.79, p < 0.001), with Betula platyphylla exhibiting the highest mean SOC stock (110.1 Mg C ha⁻¹) and Pinus sylvestris the lowest (64.2 Mg C ha⁻¹). SOC stocks generally decreased with depth across all species, though Pinus sylvestris showed higher subsurface SOC than in surface layers, likely due to deeper root systems in sandy Arenic Podzols. PCA revealed that SOC in surface layers is positively influenced by slope, temperature, and precipitation, while subsurface SOC is more closely associated with latitude and elevation. The study highlights the role of tree species and site-specific conditions in shaping SOC dynamics, emphasizing the need to consider forest composition in carbon management and climate adaptation strategies in Mongolia
Spatiotemporal assessment of water quality and geochemical evolution of Ugii Lake
No full textUgii Lake, a shallow freshwater body in Mongolia’s semi-arid steppe zone, plays an important ecological and socioeconomic role. However, its water quality is increasingly influenced by both natural variability and human-induced pressures. This study investigates the seasonal and spatial dynamics of water chemistry in Ugii Lake by analyzing samples collected during three key periods November 2023 (late autumn), June 2024 (summer), and January 2025 (winter). A total of 24 samples were analyzed for major ions, nitrogen compounds, and supporting physicochemical indicators. To understand the processes shaping the lake’s hydrochemistry, we employed a combination of Piper diagram, ion ratio-based mixing, scatter plots, and multivariate statistical tools, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and decision tree modeling. The findings revealed that Ugii Lake water predominantly belongs to the Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type, consistent with carbonate and silicate mineral weathering. Notably, fluoride concentrations in several samples exceeded WHO drinking water guidelines, indicating possible natural geogenic enrichment. Ammonium levels were also elevated in certain areas, suggesting localized organic input or anthropogenic sources. Cluster analysis grouped water samples primarily by season, highlighting strong temporal patterns in water chemistry rather than spatial ones. Meanwhile, the decision tree analysis identified magnesium, fluoride, and ammonium as key predictors of total nitrogen concentrations, underscoring their geochemical and possibly anthropogenic origin
Some Observations on the Dariganga Long Song “Joroo n Joroo”
No full textThere is a lack of research on the traditional long songs of the Dariganga people, which constitute a key element of Mongolian folk music. The historical legacy of some of these songs appears to be gradually fading, and the existing repertoire has been reduced to only a few surviving pieces. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of the Dariganga long song “Joroo n Joroo” and integrate it into academic discourse by exploring its historical background, the singers who have performed it, and the biographies of key heritage bearers. The song became widely known among the Dariganga community, having been passed down through generations of local folk singers and performed in different versions. Although the lyrics remain similar, the song has been transmitted among the Khalkh and Oirat people, where it appears with changes in melody and title. The study of “Joroo n Joroo” highlights the distinctive characteristics of long song singing in Mongolia’s Eastern Province. This article contributes to the documentation and promotion of the long song tradition, which remains an essential component of the musical heritage of Eastern Mongolia, as exemplified by the song “Joroo n Joroo.”
Дарьгангын “Жороо нь жороо” уртын дуунд хийсэн зарим ажиглалт
Хураангуй: Монгол ардын уртын дууны далай их сангийн нэгэн жигүүр, цутгалан нь болох Дарьгангын уламжлалт уртын дууны өвийн судалгаа төдий л элбэг бус аж. Энэхүү угсаатны уртын дууны өв, соёл мартагдан бүдгэрэх хандлага ажиглагдаж, цөөн тооны дууны хүрээнд л урын сан нь эргэлдэх болжээ. Дарьгангын “Жороо нь жороо” уртын дууны зарим онцлог шинжийг тодруулж, судалгааны эргэлтэд оруулах, энэ дууны түүхэн домог болон дуулсан дуучид, өвлөн уламжлагчдын түүх намтрыг тодруулах, дуулсан хувилбарын зарим онцлог шинж, дууны тархсан байдлыг тодорхойлох оролдлого хийлээ. “Жороо нь жороо” дуу нь дарьгангачуудын дунд өргөн дэлгэр тархахдаа нутгийн ардын авьяастнуудаар уламжлагдан аялгууны цөөн бус хувилбараар дуулж иржээ. Өөр хоорондоо ойролцоо шүлэгтэй боловч, дууны нэр болон аялгууны ялгаатай төрх нь халх болон ойрадуудын дунд бас тархсан байна. Дарьгангын уртын дууны судалгаа нь монголын зүүн аймгийн бүсэд урт дуу дуулах онцлогийг тээн, илэрхийлж байдаг билээ. Энэхүү судалгааны өгүүлэл нь Зүүн монголын хөгжмийн өв соёлын нэгэн ай болсон уртын дууг “Жороо нь жороо” дуугаар төлөөлүүлэн таниулж, түгээн дэлгэрүүлэхэд ач холбогдолтой хэмээн үзнэ.
Түлхүүр үгс: монгол ардын уртын дуу, дууны хувилбар, Жороо баахан улаан, айзам ду
Antiarrhythmic effect of Gurgem (Carthamus tinctorius L.) injection on an experimental arrhythmia model in mice
No full textSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Research has shown that safflower possesses significant biological activity, including inhibition of platelet aggregation, protection against myocardial ischemia, immune modulation, and antioxidant effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an injectable formulation derived from Carthamus tinctorius L. on cardiovascular function. Particular attention was given to the manifestation of these effects in clinical symptoms and the diagnostic value of electrocardiographic (ECG) analysis. For the experiment, an iWire-RX834-BIO4 ECG reader (iWorX Inc., USA) was used in conjunction with male BALB/c mice (n = 9), aged 6–8 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups: a healthy group (0.9% NaCl, n = 3), a negative control group (10% CaCl₂, 160 mg/kg, n = 3), a treatment group (Gurgem injection, 2.1 ml/kg, n = 3), and a positive control group (Verapamil injection). Differences between the groups were assessed based on changes in heart rate and specific ECG parameters (heart rate, R-R interval, and QT interval). ECG recordings were obtained for 20 minutes for all animals.
The average heart rate in the healthy group was 410 bpm. In contrast, the negative control group exhibited a 14.1% increase in heart rate, indicating tachycardia. However, in the treatment group receiving Gurgem injection, the average heart rate was 18.7% lower than that of the negative control group. Tachyarrhythmia is typically characterized by a shortened R-R interval, which can be detected via ECG. In the positive control group, the average R-R interval was 141.1 ms, whereas in the negative control group, it was reduced to 133.6 ms, reflecting a 5.2% decrease. In the treatment group, the R-R interval was extended by 20.8% compared to the negative control group, suggesting a positive modulatory effect on cardiac rhythm and tachycardia.
In conclusion, the injectable formulation derived from Carthamus tinctorius L. demonstrated therapeutic effects in an experimental model of arrhythmia (tachycardia), including stabilization of cardiac rhythm and reduction of heart rate
Sovereignty as the Quintessence of National Values
No full textNo abstract in English
Mongolian title: Тусгаар тогтнол: Улс үндэстний үнэт зүйлсийн охь болох н
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) peel essential oil and evaluation of their biological activities
No full textThe exceptional biological qualities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), including their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities, have garnered a lot of interest. The synthesis of AgNPs using plant-derived compounds is considered an environmentally friendly method, limiting the use of toxic chemicals. Among them, natural essential oils, rich in flavonoids and terpenoids, have shown effective roles as reducing agents and stabilizers. Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) peel essential oil (CmEO), which is notable for its high limonene and flavonoid content, was chosen as the green synthesis agent in this study. AgNPs were created by reducing AgNO3 with CmEO, and they were examined using UV-Vis, FTIR, DLS, and SEM. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and SEM based on the analysis, it was observed that the AgNPs-CmEO possessed a spherical morphology with an average particle size of approximately 204.3 nm. The UV–Vis spectrum exhibited a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak around 420 nm. In addition, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to the antibacterial activity of AgNPs-CmEO. However, the activity was still lower than that of gentamicin. The antioxidant activity was moderate, with IC50 of 617.37 μg/mL (DPPH) and 385.48 μg/mL (ABTS). Overall, CmEO is a potential bioreducing agent for AgNPs synthesis, opening up potential applications in food preservation and biomedicine while indicating the need for further process optimization to improve product performance and stability
Analysis of chemical properties and nutritional composition of mutton from Erdenedalai soum, Dundgovi province
No full textThis study evaluated the effect of animal age, sex, and muscle type on mutton. Analysed the proximate analysis, fatty acid composition, amino acid profile, and mineral content of mutton from Erdenedalai soum in Dundgovi Province, Mongolia. The results showed that the samples exhibited adequate moisture, relatively high protein content, and moderate fat levels, with notable differences among muscle type. Among the three muscles, the thigh exhibited the highest (p<0.05) moisture content (69.67%) and the lowest (p<0.05) fat level (8.27%), resulting in a lower energy value (154.58 kcal/100 g). The loin had the highest protein content (20.75%), and fat (10.58%), and the greatest (p<0.05) energy value (178.20 kcal/100 g). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the predominant lipid components, and the n-6/n-3 ratio remained within a nutritionally desirable range. The amino acid composition was stable, with the proportion of essential amino acids (EAA/TAA ≈ 43%) meeting the criteria for high-quality protein. Among flavor-related amino acids, glutamic acid (3.06–4.18 g/100 g) and aspartic acid (1.48–2.13 g/100 g). Mineral element contents were also stable, and no heavy metals were detected, indicating excellent nutritional value and food safety
Unveiling Newly Discovered Deer Stones of Northern Mongolia
No full textThis study presents thirty newly discovered and documented deer stones from Khuvsgul Province in northern Mongolia, recorded during the 2022–2023 field seasons. The majority of these monuments-approximately 90 percent without animal depictions, a pattern that represents a distinctive regional characteristic of northern Mongolia. Several examples also bear engravings of bola weapons, a motif that is exceptionally rare within the broader deer stone tradition. Of particular significance is the Shiveet deer stone, which displays several previously undocumented features in deer stone art: a belt with multiple suspended objects, a diadem or headband rendered as a series of small circular hollows, and three circular depressions that appear to symbolize the three oblique lines typically carved on the front face. Together, these findings provide important new evidence for understanding the diversity, stylistic variation, and regional development of Deer Stone culture.
Монголын умард нутгаас шинээр илрүүлсэн буган хөшөөд
Хураангуй. Монгол улсын умард бүс Хөвсгөл аймгийн нутгаас 2022-2023 оны хооронд шинээр илрүүлэн, бүртгэн баримтжуулсан гучин буган хөшөөний талаар энэхүү судалгаанд авч үзлээ. Эдгээр буган хөшөөдийн ихэнх нь буюу 90 хувь нь амьтны дүрслэлгүй буган хөшөөд байгаа нь тухайн бүс нутгийн онцлогийг илэрхийлж байна. Зарим буган хөшөөнд уг соёлын хүрээнд маш цөөн тохиолдох гүйвэр зэвсэг дүрсэлснээс гадна Шивээтийн буган хөшөөнд урьд өмнө буган хөшөөнд огт тохиолдож байгаагүй агсарга унжлагатай бүс, олон цувраа хонхор цэгээр илэрхийлсэн титэм, нүүрэн талд дүрсэлдэг гурван ташуу зураасыг төлөөлүүлсэн гурван хонхор цэг зэргийг дүрсэлсэн нь уг соёлын судалгааг баяжуулсан маш чухал, шинэ баримтууд болж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Хүрлийн үе, буган хөшөө, Монголын умард нутаг, агсарга бүс, гүйвэр зэвсэ