Universidad Técnica de Ambato (UTA): Portal de Revistas Científicas y Libros
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Reporte de Caso: Perforación Intestinal por Ingesta de Imanes
Get PDFA frequent pathology on pediatric patients is determined by ingesting foreign objects which are expelled in the feces in most of cases, so intestinal perforation is not very common. But, an early and appropriate diagnosis is required to surgical resolution and to avoid endangering the lives of pediatric patients. Objective: To describe a case of perforation of intestinal loops by foreign bodies (magnets), to make a timely diagnosis for adequate surgical treatment. Methods and Materials: Descriptive, retrospective study, presentation and analysis of a clinical case with prior informed consent of the parents. Results: A case of timely surgical management for perforation of loops of the small intestine by foreign bodies (magnets) is described. This is a 6-year-old pediatric patient with no significant clinical or surgical history, no allergies described, presenting with abdominal pain of 2 days duration in the epigastrium and later generalized throughout the abdomen, accompanied by vomiting of food content by several occasions. On physical examination, the abdomen was tense with signs of peritoneal irritation and with the ultrasound report of free fluid in the cavity, it was decided to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy, which was converted to an exploratory laparotomy and intestinal raffia due to the finding with a favorable post-surgical evolution. Make a proper diagnosis and timely management of the patient in an acute abdomen results in successful surgery.La ingesta de cuerpos extraños es una causa frecuente en niños, los mismos que en la mayoría de las ocasiones son expulsados con las heces, es poco frecuente la perforación intestinal en pacientes pediátricos, la perforación es una complicación poco frecuente pero que requiere un diagnóstico precoz y oportuno para la resolución quirúrgica adecuada de la misma y evitar complicaciones mayores posteriores ya que pueden poner en peligro la vida estos pacientes. Objetivo: Describir un caso de perforación de asas intestinales por cuerpos extraños (imanes), realizar diagnóstico oportuno para un tratamiento quirúrgico adecuado. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, presentación y análisis de caso clínico previo consentimiento informado de los padres. Resultados: Se describe un caso de un manejo quirúrgico oportuno por perforación de asas de intestino delgado por cuerpos extraños (imanes). Se trata de un paciente pediátrico de 6 años sin antecedentes clínicos ni quirúrgicos de importancia, no describe alergias, acude por presentar dolor abdominal de 2 días de evolución en epigastrio y posteriormente se generaliza en todo el abdomen, se acompaña de vómito de contenido alimentario por varias ocasiones. A la exploración física se encuentra el abdomen tenso con signos de irritación peritoneal y con el reporte ecográfico de líquido libre en cavidad se decide realizar laparoscopia diagnóstica misma que se realiza conversión a laparotomía exploratoria y rafia intestinal por lo hallazgos con una evolución posquirúrgica mediata favorable. Realizar un diagnóstico adecuado y un manejo oportuno en un paciente con abdomen agudo da como resulta una cirugía exitosa
ROL DEL PERSONAL DE ENFERMERIA EN LOS TRATAMIENTOS DE REPRODUCCIÓN ASISTIDA HUMANA
Get PDFExisten una gran cantidad de parejas infértiles que se someten actualmente a algún tratamiento de reproducción asistida de baja complejidad (Inseminación Artificial), o de alta complejidad (Fecundación In Vitro, Inyección Intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI en sus siglas en inglés) y para la realización de los mismo se necesita de una correcta coordinación entre todo el personal médico, de laboratorio y de enfermería, donde este último, en sus distintos roles, será el encargado de la preparación de la paciente para que esta pueda afrontar en las mejores condiciones posibles el tratamiento, lo que a su vez facilitará un mejor entendimiento y cumplimiento de las indicaciones, una menor tasa de abandono de tratamiento y mejores resultados en la consecución de un embarazo. El objetivo principal es dar a conocer los roles que cumple actualmente el personal de enfermería como son el asistencial tanto en el consultorio como en el quirófano, brindar apoyo emocional y educativo a las pacientes y participar en proyectos de investigación institucionales.
Palabras clave: enfermería, cuidados de enfermería, infertilidad, inseminación, fertilización in vitro.
ABSTRACT There are a large number of infertile couples currently undergoing assisted reproduction treatment of low complexity (Artificial Insemination), or high complexity (In Vitro Fertilization, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)) and for the realization of the same requires proper coordination between all medical personnel, The latter, in their different roles, will be in charge of preparing the patient so that she can face the treatment in the best possible conditions, which in turn will facilitate a better understanding and compliance with the indications, a lower rate of abandonment of treatment and better results in achieving a pregnancy. The main objective is to raise awareness of the roles currently performed by the nursing staff, such as assistance both in the office and in the operating room, to provide emotional and educational support to patients and to participate in institutional research projects. Keywords: nursing, nursing care, infertility, insemination, in vitro fertilization
 
DIAGNOSIS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF AMBATO
Get PDFIntroduction: In general, university laboratories can be characterized as a polluting source, as they use several chemical substances that are potentially harmful to the environment and human health in the development of their academic activities. Therefore, proper handling of chemical products and management of waste generated are necessary for environmental safety. Objective: make a diagnosis respect to the management of hazardous waste at the Technical University of Ambato. Methods: it’s a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which 41 laboratories generating hazardous waste were selected. A survey was applied based on the current technical regulations of the Ministry of the Environment of Peru, with 3 sections, and the results were analyzed in the SPSS 24.0 program. Results: at the laboratories of the university predominates the generation of infectious residues in the School of Health Sciences and construction in the School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, the number of containers is insufficient for generation demand or does not meet the needs (80.50%), sharps are segregated in rigid containers (75.60%), waste is not disposed of according its class (68.30%), central storage is far from medical and food services (61.00%), no treatment or final disposal is carried out by specialized companies (80.50%). Conclusions: the laboratories have an appropriate internal waste management, they have covered containers, the sharps are appropriately segregated, there is a correct middle storage. However, in the external management of hazardous waste, there aren’t routes or timetables for transport, no treatment or collect is carried out through an specialized company.
KEYWORDS: hazardous waste, diagnosis, laboratories, waste management, universities, environment
VACCINATION AGAINST HEPATITIS B IN ECUADOR: RISK GROUPS, COMORBIDITIES AND TOXIC HABITS IN NON-RESPONDING INDIVIDUALS.
Get PDFIntroduction; Hepatitis B virus is a viral agent that chronically infects humans, with an estimated 400 million people at permanent risk of developing cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunization against hepatitis B (HB) is effective and safe, it is one of the most effective interventions for immunoprevention. However, there is a population group that does not respond to vaccination. Objective: to analyze the lack of response to anti-HB vaccine in the Ecuadorian population and its association with risk groups, comorbidities and toxic habits. Methods: A documentary design was applied through the analysis of different selected sources of scientific databases under inclusion and exclusion criteria, published in the last 10 years. The prevalence of HB shows endemicity in different regions. Health care providers are one of the groups with the highest risk of becoming infected, as well as newborns of seropositive mothers. The identified factors associated with the lack of response to vaccination are obesity, celiac disease, advanced age, immunocompetence, male sex, co-infections, smoking, drug addiction and alcoholism. Conclusion: Hepatitis B remains a major health problem throughout the world. Compliance of the complete administration of hepatitis B vaccine schedule is encouraged as established by health authorities in favor of children and people at risk, especially health personnel. Monitoring of antibodies and dose reinforcement is also advised.
Keywords: hepatitis B, vaccines, occupational risks, immunization 
Sarcoma de Kaposi en Infección por VIH captado en atención primaria, a propósito de un caso
Get PDFIntroduction: The human immunodeficiency virus belongs to the family of lentivirus, whose infection results in the destruction of the immune system. It occurs in phases: acute, latent, chronic, and advanced or AIDS, in which the immune system has decreased so much that infections and neoplasms can proliferate as Kaposi Sarcoma, which is multifocal unusual and originates from endothelial cells.
Objective: Describe a patient with HIV infection in the AIDS phase with oncological expression.
Material and methods: Descriptive and retrospective study, clinical case presentation of a male patient diagnosed with Kaposi’s Sarcoma captured in primary health care.
Results: It’s described the case of a 28-year-old patient, who came to the clinic for presenting lesions in purplish skin 2 months ago, of abrupt appearance without apparent cause, located in the neck, chest and upper extremities, HIV test with reactive results is requested, in addition to a CD4 count in 210 cells/mm3 and a viral load of 35000 copies/ml, with a skin biopsy showing a tumor lesion consisting of endothelial-looking spindle cells, antiretroviral therapy is initiated and a procedure is carried out for management by specialty in oncology.
Conclusion: In the context of HIV infections, it is important for the physician to be alert to concomitant pathological expressions. The importance of clinical criteria and the contribution of primary care to the diagnosis of rare diseases is confirmed.Introducción: El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana pertenece a la familia de lentivirus, cuya infección da como resultado la destrucción del sistema inmunológico. Se presenta en fases: aguda, latente crónica y avanzada o SIDA, en la que el sistema inmunológico ha disminuido tanto que pueden proliferar infecciones y neoplasias como el Sarcoma de Kaposi; que es multifocal, inusual y se origina por células endoteliales.
Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente con infección por VIH en fase SIDA con expresión oncológica-Sarcoma de Kaposi.
Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico de un paciente masculino con diagnóstico de Sarcoma de Kaposi, captado en la atención primaria de salud.
Resultados: Se describe el caso de un paciente de 28 años, que llega a consulta por presentar lesiones en piel de color violáceo desde hace 2 meses; de aparición abrupta sin causa aparente, ubicadas en cuello, tórax y extremidades superiores. Se solicita prueba para VIH con resultado reactivo, además de un recuento de CD4 en 210 células/mm3, y una carga viral de 35 000 copias/ml. La biopsia de piel mostró una lesión tumoral, constituida por células fusiformes de aspecto endotelial; se inicia la terapia antirretroviral y se realiza trámite para manejo por especialidad en oncología.
Conclusión: En el contexto de infecciones por el VIH, es importante que el médico se mantenga alerta a las expresiones patológicas concomitantes. Se corrobora la importancia del criterio clínico y el aporte de la atención primaria, frente al diagnóstico de patologías poco frecuente
Miomatosis uterina, un desafío terapéutico en ginecología y fertilidad. Artículo de revisión de la literatura
Get PDFIntroduction: In the field of infertility, it is important to know the multiple alternatives that exist for the management of uterine fibroids which are neo formations that, according to their location, often interfere so that the normal onset and development of a pregnancy does not occur. The objective of this work is to publicize the best therapeutic option, when to apply it and how to apply it, to improve fertility in a woman, whose alteration is due to the presence of uterine fibroids. Materials and Methods: Review of scientific articles by consulting the databases articles in MedLine, The Cochranre Library Plus, PUBMED, ELSEVIER articles mostly from 2015 onwards, in the Spanish and English languages. Reviewed current, accurate and concise full articles on the subject of literature review. Results: 30 articles were selected. Review articles, meta-analyses, observational studies, descriptive, retrospectives, opinions of authors and guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Conclusions: Management and treatment of fibroids in a woman with reproductive desire consists of the surgical removal of fibroids by previous minimally invasive methods and procedures assessment of their size and location, having made use in the necessary and applicable cases, of medicines such as hormone agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) in cycles, to decrease its size and facilitate its extraction, thus improving fertility.Introducción: En el ámbito de la infertilidad, es importante conocer las múltiples alternativas que existen para el manejo de los miomas uterinos, que son neo formaciones que, de acuerdo a su localización, muchas veces interfieren para que no se produzca el inicio y desarrollo normal de un embarazo. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer la mejor opción terapéutica, cuando aplicarla y como aplicarla, para mejorar la fertilidad en una mujer, cuya alteración es por la presencia de miomas uterinos. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión de artículos médicos científicos consultando las bases de datos MedLine, The Cochranre Library Plus, PUBMED, ELSEVIER, artículos en su mayoría del año 2015 en adelante, en los idiomas español e inglés. Se revisaron artículos completos actuales, precisos y concisos sobre el tema de revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 30 artículos. Artículos de revisión, meta-análisis, estudios observacionales, descriptivos, retrospectivos, opiniones de autores y guías del American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Conclusiones: El manejo y el tratamiento de los miomas en una mujer con deseo genésico consiste en la extirpación quirúrgica de los miomas por métodos y procedimientos mínimamente invasivos previo valoración de su tamaño y localización, habiendo hecho uso en los casos necesarios y aplicables, de medicamentos como los agonistas de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina (GNRH) por ciclos, para disminución de su tamaño y que se facilite su extracción, mejorando así la fertilidad
Revisión bibliográfica: Función e importancia de las ADN polimerasas
Get PDFIntroduction: DNA polymerases enzymes are involved in replication and repair processes. The enzymes are classified into four families based in sequence homology and function. The polymerases members of the A and X families are characterized for having a relevant role in replication and repair processes. Meanwhile, the members of the B family are considered high-fidelity enzymes, mainly participating in DNA replication. Finally, the Y family polymerases do not have 3\u27-5\u27 exonuclease activity participating in translesion DNA synthesis.
Objective: To elaborate a narrative review on DNA polymerases in order to identify their role in replication and repair processes.
Material and methods: The narrative literature review was performed by searching scientific papers in the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. The search parameters were DNA polymerases, translesion polymerases and polymerases in health and disease.
Conclusion: The correct functioning of polymerases is essential in living organisms, due to their participation in crucial biological processes in cell survival. Their overexpression or mutations in the genes that code for the enzymes, can lead to the development of certain diseases such as cancer or mitochondrial disorders.Introducción: Las ADN polimerasas son enzimas las cuales se encuentran involucradas en los procesos de replicación y reparación. Dichas enzimas han sido clasificadas en cuatro familias, A, B, X y Y, basándose en la homología de sus secuencias y en el proceso que intervienen.
La polimerasa de la familia A y X, se caracterizan por tener un rol importante tanto en el proceso de replicación, como de reparación. Mientras tanto los miembros de la familia B, son consideradas enzimas de alta fidelidad participando en la replicación de ADN. Por último, los integrantes de la familia Y no poseen actividad exonucleasa 3’-5’; participando en la síntesis por translesión del ADN.
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión narrativa sobre las ADN polimerasas, con el fin de identificar su función en los procesos de replicación y reparación.
Materiales y métodos: La revisión biobibliográfica narrativa, fue realizada mediante la búsqueda de artículo científicos en las bases de datos PubMed y Google Académico. Los parámetros de búsqueda utilizados fueron: ADN polimerasas, polimerasas de translesión, polimerasas en salud y enfermedad
Conclusión: El correcto funcionamiento de las polimerasas es esencial en los organismos vivos, debido a su participación en procesos biológicos cruciales. La sobre expresión de estas o mutaciones en los genes que codifican para dichas enzimas, puede encontrarse involucrado en el desarrollo de ciertas enfermedades tales como cáncer o desordenes mitocondriales
La Diabetes en épocas de COVID-19
Get PDFIt is well known that Type 2 Diabetes constitutes a true global pandemic, and our country is not exempt from this problem. In fact, the latest national health and nutrition survey of 2018, ENSANUT, reports a prevalence of Diabetes of around 10% in older than 50 years.Es perfectamente conocido que la Diabetes tipo 2 constituye una autentica pandemia a nivel mundial, no estando nuestro país exento de este problema, de hecho, la última encuesta nacional de salud y nutrición del 2018 ENSANUT, reporta prevalencias de Diabetes de alrededor del 10% en mayores de 50 años
THE USE OF CLASSICAL MUSIC TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION
Get PDFThis study focuses on an action research project related to the use of classical music to improve reading comprehension in a foreign language classroom at a university level in the town of Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador. The need for university students to improve reading skills in this society was analysed, due to the fact that young people have not developed reading habits, even in their mother tongue. This aspect was conside- red, as well as students’ results on reading exercises applied to them, before and after being exposed to the use of classical music in the language classroom, which were evaluated through a comparison between the different experiences revealed in the surveys applied to the students, and their grade reports. The conclusion highlights that there was a significant improvement in the academic performance of students when they felt comfortable in their classroom environment while classical music was played. Even though research has not yet proved scientifically that the use of classical music influences students to improve their reading comprehension in the language classroom, there are studies related to the use of classical music in education and the learning process, related to the topic of this study, which contributed to conclude that further research must be done in this specific area
LEARNING A LANGUAGE OF TWO ALPHABETS: PRACTICAL APROACHES IN HIRAGANA AND KATAKANA ACQUISITION FOR BEGINNER LEARNERS OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE
Get PDFThe Japanese language has a 128 million speakers and has around 4 million learners in the world. In Ecuador, however, there are only six institutions offer Japanese classes to 150 learners. This small number of learners may be due in part to geographic and cultural distance, as well as the economic and political circumstances separating Ecuador and Japan. Furthermore, the uniqueness of the linguistic characteristics of Japanese is also a major factor influencing learner reluctance. One of the principal characteristics of this language is its three writing systems: hiragana, katakana and kanji. This paper outlines the linguistic characteristics of Japanese, focusing on hiragana, katakana and kanji, and sets out the difficulties which learners experience in this area. In the second part, with reference to these characteristics, the study introduces class activities to show how learners may acquire the basic characters of the writing systems as an important first step in learning Japanese, with the aim of reducing the burden on the language acquisition process. Through this research, the importance of peer-learning and collaboration between learners and teachers is highlighted as a means of facilitating approaches to the teaching and learning of Japanese