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An Introductory Over-the-Counter Simulation for First-Year Pharmacy Students Using a Virtual Pharmacy
No full textObjective. First-year pharmacy students at two institutions were required to complete a virtual over-the-counter (OTC) simulation during their community pharmacy practice skills laboratory course. The simulation was designed to introduce first-year pharmacy students to OTC product selection and consultation prior to didactic coursework and community introductory pharmacy practice experiences. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the OTC simulation on students’ knowledge and confidence of OTC medications and overall perceptions of the activity. Methods. Patient simulation cases in the virtual community pharmacy setting were developed and delivered to students using the MyDispense platform. Students concurrently completed a Google Form that provided directions for the virtual activity, including a combination of didactic and active learning strategies within the online platform. Student surveys assessed knowledge and confidence before and after the activity, with perceptions added to the postsurvey. Results. Total knowledge scores for the 142 students from two institutions who completed both the pre- and postsurvey significantly improved and, when assessed individually, improved for seven out of 10 individual knowledge questions. All five confidence statements significantly increased after students completed the OTC simulation. Student perceptions were overall very positive. Conclusion. Introduction of OTC counseling processes to first-year pharmacy students through a virtual pharmacy simulation resulted in increased student knowledge and confidence in providing OTC recommendations. Students perceived the activity favorably
Bi-Weekly Facilitated Peer Group Sessions Propel Accountability
No full textMost business plans fail. The research and evidence are overwhelming. Try a Google search on business execution or implementation and you will find hundreds of thousands or more results describing this doom. There are many reasons for this, and they include factors such as inappropriate or overly ambitious plans, and not providing a laundry list of needed resources such as experts and funding. So, what can NSRA business owners do to lessen the chance they become a statistic? Consider joining a facilitated peer group
Using Apologies to Strengthen Relationships, Business Culture and Business Results
No full textOne of the most important investments we can make as business owners is in creating effective business cultures and developing strong relationships between colleagues. This article highlights how using apologies can help you make progress on both fronts
Examining the link between social artifacts, solvability factors and case outcomes
No full textPurpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the growing body of research literature on case clearance levels. Through a social artifact framework, the authors seek to understand the role that documentation of key solvability factors in investigative reports plays in shaping case clearance outcomes. Design/methodology/approach
For this study, 166 non-fatal shooting investigative case files were obtained from a local mid-sized urban police department and coded to assess whether investigators identified key solvability characteristics for non-fatal shooting incidents. Using a logistic regression, the authors assessed the extent that investigative characteristics mentioned in case files were associated with the odds that the case was cleared by arrest. Findings
The findings from this study indicate that investigative case files as a data source are exceedingly unreliable. Investigators do not consistently document investigative practices and intelligence. And those that are consistently documented are a part of institutionalized practices that are unique to their corresponding police department. Originality/value
This study is original in that it uses a social artifact framework to sharpen the focus on the role that the effective documentation of critical evidence plays in leading to arrests in gun violence cases
Evidence on birth spacing and child cognition from Indonesia
No full textResearch from the medical and social science literature has found that spacing births closely together leads to adverse health and socioeconomic outcomes for the younger child. More recent evidence using inter-family comparisons is challenging the validity of those results. However, while inter-family comparisons allow for time-invariant unobservable heterogeneity across families, they cannot fully control for changes in families that occur over time and may affect both decisions about birth intervals as well as child outcomes. To our knowledge, this paper provides the first examination of the effects of birth spacing on later childhood cognitive outcomes that accounts for both time-invariant and time-varying heterogeneity in the same models. Instrumental variables estimations on data from Indonesia indicate that younger siblings perform significantly better on maths assessment exams when they are spaced farther apart from their immediately older sibling. This effect appears to be concentrated among the poorest and least educated households. The data thus suggest that close spacing may be detrimental to the socioeconomic outcomes of the younger sibling
Confucianism, Enlightenment, and the Comparative Study of Religion
No full textTu Wei-ming is the foremost authority writing today on the relevance of Confucian ethics to the Western World. He has helped to revitalize an interest in this ancient worldview, and has offered it as an antidote to many of the excesses of the Enlightenment Project which has dominated Western thinking for centuries. Interestingly, the Enlightenment itself was greatly influenced in its early stages by the knowledge of Confucianism which early Western explorers in China sent back to a fascinated European audience
The Great American Rights Bake Off: Freedom of Religion v. Freedom from Discrimination
No full textProgressive actors are losing the battle to protect LGBT and reproductive rights from conservative claims of a right to religious discrimination. Increasingly, we are witnessing legal challenges premised on the ground that religious actors’ First Amendment rights and women’s and LGBT rights to equal protection and public accommodation are in conflict. This article contextualizes so-called “competing rights” claims within a longer political and legal history. We utilize a discursive institutionalist framework to assess the strategies used both by conservative political actors promoting a “competing rights” agenda and by LGBT activists focused on narrative change and marriage equality. Finding the limited strategy adopted by marriage equality activists cannot effectively withstand the legal challenge mounted by those claiming “competing rights,” we propose a new strategy for resistance premised on a strict interpretation of church/state separation and suggest a strategy for preserving and expanding public accommodation law through the creation of intersectional coalitions
Black and Latiné College Student Expectations and Perceptions of a College Leadership’s Responses to Nationally Known, Racially Biased Incidents
No full textThe purpose of this qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was to understand Black and Latiné students’ expectations and perceptions of their college leaderships’ responses to nationally known, biased incidents. Through a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design, 11 participants, within one institution, across three focus groups, shared their expectations and perspectives. The data analysis was done using open-ended coding to determine the major themes and codes across all focus groups.
Themes for student expectations were (a) no expectation: first-year student, COVID restrictions, primarily White institutions; (b) expectations met: met the needs of the White majority, public institution; and (c) expected different: expected more, expected different. Themes and categories regarding the student perspectives included (a) lack of trust/not genuine, trendy/performative, obligated; (b) predominately White community, silence of the White community, unsafe in the community; (c) systematic issues unanswered; and (d) areas for improvement: educational options, support for affinity groups, increased diverse faculty/staff, improved marketing, and continued support and effort.
The data resulted in a unique understanding of the Black and Latiné lived experiences and perspectives of the college leadership responses to the nationally known racially biased incidents. The students shared their hesitation and subsequent lack of trust in their PWI campus and campus leadership. Students shared that they hoped for more preventative measures as it relates to bias related incidents as well as long term aftercare for the trauma they may experience during their time at the institution
Aspirin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics through gestation
No full textLow dose aspirin is recommended for prevention of preeclampsia, however there is not consensus on the appropriate dose. Pregnancy specific changes have the potential to impact the pharmacology of aspirin in pregnancy, however there are very limited studies on aspirin pharmacokinetics in pregnancy and none linking pharmacokinetics (PK, drug dose and drug level) to pharmacodynamics (PD, drug dose and physiologic response) in pregnancy. As a result, we do not have a good understanding of the pharmacologic response to aspirin in pregnancy, which has important implications for clinical efficacy. We sought to describe the PK and PD of aspirin through pregnancy and to identify individual covariates that impacted aspirin PK/PD
ADAPTATION AND TESTING OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY ATTITUDES IN NURSING CARE INSTRUMENTmbour
No full textBackground and Purpose: Individuals with developmental disability (DD) often experience poor health outcomes, potentiated by healthcare inequities. Nurses have the potential to reduce these inequities through the quality of care provided. The quality of care provided by nursing students, the future generation of nurses, is affected by the attitudes of their clinical nursing faculty. The purpose of this study was to adapt and test an instrument to specifically measure the attitudes of clinical nursing faculty toward providing care to people with DD. Methods: The Disability Attitudes in Health Care (DAHC) instrument was adapted to create the new Developmental Disability Attitudes in Nursing Care (DDANC) instrument. Results: Content experts reviewed the DDANC for content validity (CVI = 0.88), followed by testing for internal consistency reliability (Cronbach\u27s alpha = 0.7). The study respondents had overall positive attitudes toward the care of people with DD. Conclusions: The DDANC is an acceptably valid and reliable instrument to assess attitudes of clinical nursing faculty toward providing care to people with DD