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A Self-Awareness Tax: Body-Conscious Students and Cognitive Load in Synchronous Virtual Classes
No full textExamining Educator Perspectives on Collaboration in Integrated Co-Teaching (ICT) in Elementary School Classrooms
No full textInterest in co-teaching in the United States has intensified significantly over the last decade due to federal legislation, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (U.S. Department of Education [USDOE], 2018). One strategy employed to meet this mandate is implementing integrated co-teaching (ICT) classrooms in schools. Collaboration between general and special education teachers is critical in delivering quality education for children with disabilities. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore the perspectives of four co-teaching pairs—each consisting of a general education and a special education teacher—on their perceptions of collaboration in elementary ICT classrooms. The study was framed by a descriptive phenomenological approach with data gathered from semi-structured interviews. Four themes emerged from the findings: (a) communication is the foundation of the ICT relationship, (b) ICT collaboration is a journey, (c) co-planning involves multiple strategies, and (d) desire to learn and improve as a team. The findings suggest a need for adequate planning time during the school day for ICT pairs, along with professional development opportunities for the pairs as teams
The New Straightjackets: How Prisons Have Come To Be The Mental Illness Solution
No full textThis paper examines the current mental health resources that are available in prisons, as well as the correlation between deinstitutionalization and the rise of individuals struggling with mental illness within prison walls
Senatus Exesa: Explaining the Abuse of Procedure in the U.S. Congress
No full textSenatus Exesa: Explaining the Abuse of Procedure in the U.S. Congress
Abstract
On October 3rd, 2023, Rep. Kevin McCarthy became the first Speaker of the House of Representatives to be forcibly removed from his position as Speaker of the lower chamber of Congress. Though dramatic, this episode is indicative of the current state of American politics. At a time when political polarization between the two parties has never been higher, norms that were once considered the nuclear option are now understood as the norm. Cynicism and distrust of Congress is at an all-time high, with many Americans disabused that the legislative process is effective at all.
This paper analyzes the use of parliamentary procedures in the federal Congress. More specifically, this paper reviews the use of rules by legislators to determine a causal connection between their misuse and the increase in political polarization.
An examination of these dynamics is important for multiple reasons:
First, the U.S. is experiencing a wave of populism that has altered cultural and political norms and has led to an increase in political polarization. Understanding how this populism has impacted American institutions is crucial to understanding its place in U.S. history.
Second, in an era where the post-Second World War global order is shifting, confidence in U.S. stability is remarkably important. The conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East highlight the importance of America’s role on the world stage. Under these constraints, an examination of the integrity of U.S. institutions is especially pertinent.
Third, this paper is a novel examination of the causal link between political polarization and the increased use of procedures like the filibuster and the motion to vacate the chair.
The study uses a mixed method approach as it relies on qualitative data drawn from Congressional records, vote tallies, and research into the extent of polarization within the U.S. Congress and within the parties themselves, and on quantitative data derived from the rhetoric and experience of current and former elected members.
The evidence supports the argument that affective and ideological polarization has had a causal impact on the increasing misuse of procedural rules. The implementation of the motion to vacate the chair by the House of Representatives, the proliferation of the filibuster in the Senate, and the normalization of the Senate hold demonstrates that polarization has had an impact on the federal Congress as an institution. This paper produces findings which showcase how political leaders are abusing the levers of power to achieve short-term political gains in a politically charged environment
Can Government Inaction Result In Rising Gift Tax Revenue?
No full textJames Alm noted in 1988 that tax uncertainty is particularly problematic for taxpayers, and he identified two risk areas that can cause changes in taxpayer behavior: variations to the tax base (tax base risk) and modifications to the tax rates (tax rate risk).1 This report studies how estate and gift tax laws passed with sunset provisions created taxpayer uncertainty in 2010 and 2012, and how that uncertainty led to increased gifting activity by wealthy taxpayers, which in turn increased the amount of gift tax revenue collected by the federal government in 2011 and 2013. The sunsetting of a tax law means that its provisions (usually favorable to taxpayers) will remain in effect for a fixed period before expiring (that is, “sunsetting”) and returning the tax base and rates to the levels (usually less favorable to taxpayers) that existed before the passage of the law. In the case of tax cuts, a sunset provision effectively reverses the favorable tax conditions that were created when the law was first passed
Hypothermia versus Normothermia as Intervention to Reduce Mortality Rates Following Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
No full textAbstract
Background: Cardiac arrest contributes to 300,000 to 450,000 deaths in the United States every year. Individuals who survive cardiac arrest often still die after resuscitation. Induced hypothermia is often an intervention used for individuals after being resuscitated after a cardiac arrest and has become standard practice for several institutions. There is significant motivation to see if induced hypothermic states promote improved mortality rates for patients who experience cardiac arrests.
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of induced hypothermia versus normothermia on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest mortality rates. Methods: A review of recent literature in the past five years was completed. CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest were searched. Quality of the research was appraised using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based Practice guide adapted for St. John Fisher University Wegmans School of Nursing. Observational or randomized studies comparing survival in adults aged 18 years or greater resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receiving induced hypothermia or no temperature intervention were included.
Results: Four studies met inclusion data and were used in the analysis. Two of the studies demonstrated no significant difference between induced hypothermia and normothermia interventions. One study was inconclusive. The fourth study demonstrated a significantly lower mortality rate when patients were regulated with hypothermic conditions.
Conclusions: Only one of four studies found significantly improved mortality rates post-cardiac arrest when hypothermic temperature management was used. No significant difference was noted in patient mortality rate when comparing the use of induced hypothermia vs. normothermic conditions for patients post out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Physical Education Teachers’ Perceptions of Culturally Responsive Pedagogy
No full textThe purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the perceptions of physical education teachers regarding the implementation of the New York State Education Department (NYSED) Culturally Responsive-Sustaining (CR-S) Education Framework principles within their pedagogy when working with Black, indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC) students. The research sought to understand the challenges and strategies the participants used to implement the CR-S Education Framework.
The research was conducted using a case study approach, focusing on the perceptions of six physical education teachers in an urban school district in Upstate New York. Data were gathered through questionnaires, Zoom interviews, lesson plan observations, and the researcher as an additional instrument. The data were analyzed using Qualtrics, the CRT Lesson Observation Instrument, emotional coding, in vivo coding, and pattern coding. Four themes emerged: (a) everybody is welcomed, (b) breaking the barrier, (c) everyone learns differently, and (d) professional learning.
Findings from this study indicated that all the principles of the CR-S Education Framework are not being implemented with fidelity. The study results provide physical education teachers and educational leaders recommendations for implementing the CR-S Education Framework. Investigating how physical education teachers perceive culturally responsive teaching provides valuable insights into their approach to welcoming BIPOC students, building relationships, engaging in professional learning, and tailoring their instruction to achieve success for all students. Additionally, providing mandated professional development and a culturally responsive curriculum may improve teaching practices and ensure academic success for all students
A Two-Step Training Program for Utilizing Interpreters During Patient Interactions: Advancing Student Pharmacists Communication Skills
No full textObjective : To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a two-step training pilot program in the Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum to prepare students to utilize interpreters during patient interactions.Methods: The Advanced Communications and Counseling Skills course was a two-step program developed to train professional year two (P2) student pharmacists to effectively utilize language interpreters during patient encounters. Step One of the program included online modules demonstrating the importance of utilizing language interpreters, and how to effectively utilize the interpreters. Step Two of the program included a faculty observed standardized patient encounter where the use of an interpreter was required to counsel. Students then demonstrated the communication skills acquired at a health fair for patients that spoke a language other than English. Student perspective, comfort, confidence of using interpreter services were measured and compared pre and post program implementation. Patient satisfaction of P2 communication skills were also assessed.Results: The Two-Step program was developed and implemented. A total of 23 P2 students completed the program. Overall, summary statistics indicate trends for student improvement in all areas, with students\u27 confidence in using an interpreter significantly improved. All students were satisfied with the training modules (100%) and the majority felt prepared in using an interpreter (94.4%). Patients were very satisfied (76.5%) or satisfied (23.5%) with the students’ ability to utilize an interpreter during the patient encounter at the health fair.Conclusions: The Two-Step program provides students training on how to effectively utilize interpreters. Students are receptive to participating in the course and satisfied with the communication skills acquired. Embedding this course in the pharmacy curriculum could increase student confidence and have a positive impact on patient communication experience